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World J Gastrointest Endosc. Aug 16, 2025; 17(8): 107617
Published online Aug 16, 2025. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i8.107617
Figure 1
Figure 1  Operating room set up for laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery.
Figure 2
Figure 2 Various techniques of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery. A: Classical laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS); B: Inverted LECS crown method; C: Nonexposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery technique; D: Combination of laparoscopic endoscopic approaches to neoplasia with a non-exposure technique; E: Closed LECS procedure.