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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Dec 10, 2015; 7(18): 1268-1278
Published online Dec 10, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i18.1268
Advanced endoscopic imaging of indeterminate biliary strictures
James H Tabibian, Kavel H Visrodia, Michael J Levy, Christopher J Gostout
James H Tabibian, Michael J Levy, Christopher J Gostout, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
James H Tabibian, Division of Gastroenterology, Wilmott Center for Endoscopic Innovation, Research, and Training, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
Kavel H Visrodia, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
Author contributions: Tabibian JH and Visrodia KH contributed equally to this work; Tabibian JH and Visrodia KH performed the literature review for relevant content; Tabibian JH and Visrodia KH composed a first draft; Levy MJ and Gostout CJ provided supervision and critical revisions of the manuscript; all authors approved of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Dr. Gostout is a consultant for, and conducts research sponsored by, Olympus Medical Systems.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. Christopher J Gostout, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. gostout.christopher@mayo.edu
Telephone: +1-507-2841649
Received: May 25, 2015
Peer-review started: May 26, 2015
First decision: July 3, 2015
Revised: August 26, 2015
Accepted: October 20, 2015
Article in press: October 27, 2015
Published online: December 10, 2015
Processing time: 196 Days and 1.6 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: Indeterminate biliary strictures (IDBSs) remain a considerable challenge for endoscopists, clinicians, surgeons, and other medical professionals as well as patients. The limitations of current technologies have helped drive the search for novel techniques aimed to enhance the evaluation of IDBSs and thus improve diagnosis and clinical care. Here we review existing and emerging techniques and provide a synopsis of current understanding of their strengths, limitations, and role in the evaluation of IDBSs.