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World J Gastrointest Endosc. Jul 16, 2026; 18(7): 122582
Published online Jul 16, 2026. doi: 10.4253/wjge.122582
Published online Jul 16, 2026. doi: 10.4253/wjge.122582
Risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation: A retrospective study of 7931 paired colonoscopy cases with a predictive model
Hai-Bo Xiong, Xian-Ting Lai, Qian-Qiu Zhang, Jun Li, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan Province, China
Qin-Xing Cao, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin 644200, Sichuan Province, China
Wei Deng, Hong-Guang Zhou, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan Province, China
Author contributions: Xiong HB drafted the manuscript; Xiong HB and Cao QX conceptualized the study and developed the methodology; Xiong HB, Deng W, and Zhou HG retrieved data; Lai XT, Zhang QQ, and Li J provided critical appraisal; Xiong HB and Cao QX contributed to the final version and supervised the study.
AI contribution statement: The authors used AI tools (DeepSeek) for language editing and grammar correction only. All AI-assisted outputs were reviewed and validated by the authors. The authors assume full responsibility for all content of the manuscript. AI tools were not used to generate data, perform analyses, or draw scientific conclusions.
Supported by the 2026 Chengdu Municipal Medical Research Project, No. 2026229; and the 2025 Hospital-level Research Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, No. Y202515.
Institutional review board statement: This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University (approval No. PJ2025-136-02). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the committee.
Informed consent statement: Due to the retrospective nature of this study and the use of de-identified patient data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University (approval No. PJ2025-136-02).
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data are not publicly available due to privacy/ethical restrictions, as they contain potentially identifying patient information from a single institution.
Corresponding author: Hai-Bo Xiong, MD, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, No. 82 North Second Section of Second Ring Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan Province, China. 1447594519@qq.com
Received: April 23, 2026
Revised: June 5, 2026
Accepted: June 24, 2026
Published online: July 16, 2026
Processing time: 84 Days and 14.4 Hours
Revised: June 5, 2026
Accepted: June 24, 2026
Published online: July 16, 2026
Processing time: 84 Days and 14.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Key findings of our study: In a large paired cohort of 7931 patients, prior inadequate bowel preparation was the strongest predictor of repeated inadequate preparation. Inpatient status was a significant protective factor, with substantially better bowel preparation quality than in outpatients. A simplified risk scoring system showed good discrimination and risk stratification, enabling rapid identification of high-risk patients in clinical practice.