Canakis A, Lee LS. Current updates and future directions in diagnosis and management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 14(5): 267-290 [PMID: 35719897 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v14.i5.267]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Linda S Lee, MD, Associate Professor, Director, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States. llee@bwh.harvard.edu
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastrointest Endosc. May 16, 2022; 14(5): 267-290 Published online May 16, 2022. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v14.i5.267
Current updates and future directions in diagnosis and management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Andrew Canakis, Linda S Lee
Andrew Canakis, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
Linda S Lee, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
Author contributions: Canakis A drafted the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript; Lee LS drafted, revised, and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Each author listed has no potential conflicts (financial, professional, or personal) that are relevant to the content presented in this manuscript.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Linda S Lee, MD, Associate Professor, Director, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States. llee@bwh.harvard.edu
Received: December 31, 2021 Peer-review started: December 31, 2021 First decision: January 23, 2022 Revised: February 14, 2022 Accepted: April 21, 2022 Article in press: April 21, 2022 Published online: May 16, 2022 Processing time: 136 Days and 9.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Diagnostic technology for neuroendocrine tumors continues to advance. Radiomics promises to enhance morphologic imaging. Gallium-68 DOTA-peptide positron emission tomography/computed tomography has replaced Octreoscan as the preferred functional imaging modality. Newer radiolabeled peptides may further improve detection. A novel liquid biopsy biomarker (NETest) has proven more accurate than chromogranin A in monitoring treatment response and predicting disease activity. Therapy has also progressed with treatment adapted based on the predicted behavior of the tumor. Advanced endoscopic resection techniques have revolutionized treatment. Preliminary evidence suggests endoscopic ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation may prove useful in treating pancreatic lesions. Multimodality therapy continues to evolve for metastatic pancreatic tumors.
