Girotra M, Soota K, Dhaliwal AS, Abraham RR, Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia M, Tharian B. Utility of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopy in diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma and its complications: What does endoscopic ultrasonography offer above and beyond conventional cross-sectional imaging? World J Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 10(2): 56-68 [PMID: 29467916 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v10.i2.56]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Mohit Girotra, MD, Assistant Professor, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, (D-49) 1111 CRB, Miami, FL 33136, United States. mgirotra@med.miami.edu
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Feb 16, 2018; 10(2): 56-68 Published online Feb 16, 2018. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v10.i2.56
Utility of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopy in diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma and its complications: What does endoscopic ultrasonography offer above and beyond conventional cross-sectional imaging?
Mohit Girotra, Kaartik Soota, Amaninder S Dhaliwal, Rtika R Abraham, Mauricio Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia, Benjamin Tharian
Mohit Girotra, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
Kaartik Soota, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
Amaninder S Dhaliwal, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
Rtika R Abraham, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
Mauricio Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United State
Benjamin Tharian, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
Author contributions: Soota K, Dhaliwal AS and Abraham RR contributed towards literature search, manuscript preparation and revisions; Girotra M, Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia M and Tharian B contributed towards manuscript preparation, revision, editing with final appraisal and approval; Girotra M and Tharian B also contributed the endoscopic ultrasound and pathology images from their personal cases.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Mohit Girotra, MD, Assistant Professor, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, (D-49) 1111 CRB, Miami, FL 33136, United States. mgirotra@med.miami.edu
Telephone: +1-305-2438040 Fax: +1-305-2433762
Received: October 15, 2017 Peer-review started: October 16, 2017 First decision: November 7, 2017 Revised: December 28, 2017 Accepted: January 15, 2018 Article in press: January 15, 2018 Published online: February 16, 2018 Processing time: 115 Days and 16.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes the commonest primary liver cancer, and if diagnosed at an early stage, has better prognosis. Of late, there has been evolution of utility of endoscopic techniques, specifically endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with fine needle aspiration, for this purpose. EUS is superior over computed tomography in detecting hepatic lesions smaller than 1cm, and also allows FNA for accurate histopathological diagnosis. This strategy is particularly useful for indeterminate nodules, with non-specific imaging characteristics. Role of EUS in diagnosis and management of HCC are the focus of this article. In addition, other endoscopic techniques, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography, are of immense use in management of complications of HCC, which are also briefly discussed in this review.
