1
|
Amin M, Nageeb A, Abuhashem S, Saleh A, Awad E, Raed R. Common Symptoms and a Rare Diagnosis: A Case of Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Presenting as Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Cureus 2024; 16:e69814. [PMID: 39429312 PMCID: PMC11491163 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (D-GISTs) are a rare subtype of GISTs, accounting for only 4% to 5% of all GIST cases. This case report details the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 48-year-old female who presented with melena and anemia and was eventually diagnosed with a D-GIST. The tumor was identified through imaging studies, and histopathology performed after surgical resection revealed a submucosal neoplasm composed of spindle cells with extensive hemorrhage and necrosis. Given the tumor's rarity and its challenging presentation, which can mimic other conditions such as pancreatic masses, the case underscores the importance of considering D-GIST in differential diagnoses of duodenal or pancreatic lesions. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, with adjuvant therapy considered in high-risk cases to prevent recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Amin
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Ahmed Nageeb
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
| | | | | | - Esraa Awad
- Internal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EGY
| | - Rana Raed
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du C, He Z, Li L, Ning B, Zhang B, Zhai Y, Ma Y, Han K, Wang H, Tang P, Chai N, Linghu E. Endoscopic resection for the treatment of non-gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A retrospective study from a large tertiary hospital in China. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102152. [PMID: 37257690 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few studies on endoscopic resection (ER) for the treatment of non-gastric gastrointestinal (GI) stromal tumors (GISTs) have been conducted, and most have been case reports or case series. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ER for non-gastric GISTs. METHODS From January 2010 to December 2022, 329 patients who were diagnosed with GISTs underwent ER. After excluding 302 patients with gastric GISTs, we retrospectively assessed the data of 27 patients with non-gastric GISTs. The main outcome measures were en bloc resection, complete resection, residual disease, recurrence, and complications. RESULTS A total of 15(55.6%) females and 12(44.4%) males with a mean age of 53.8 ± 11.0 years were assessed. There were 19 (70.4%) GISTs in the esophagus, 2 (7.4%) in the duodenum, 3 (11.1%) in the colon and 3 (11.1%) in the rectum. The median tumor size was 12.0 mm (range 4.0-35.0 mm). Most of the GISTs (20, 74.1%) were very low risk, and the remaining 7(25.9%) were low risk. Both en bloc resection and complete resection were achieved in 25(92.6%) patients. Piecemeal resection mainly resulted from a larger tumor size, an irregular shape, and an extraluminal growth pattern. No residual disease or recurrence was noted during the follow-up period. The median operation time was 23 min (range 2-125 min). After excluding the operation time of EER, the operation time was prolonged to 37 min (range 12-125 min). Only one patient experienced mild abdominal pain, leading to a complication rate of 3.7%. No severe complications requiring for surgical interventions occurred. CONCLUSION ER was an effective and safe method for non-gastric GISTs in selected cases. GISTs of a small size and regular shape with an intraluminal growth pattern require complete resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Du
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhengting He
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Longsong Li
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bo Ning
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yaqi Zhai
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ke Han
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ningli Chai
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Enqiang Linghu
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28. Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang L, Du D, Zheng T, Liu L, Wang Z, Du J, Yi H, Cui Y, Liu D, Fang Y. Deep learning and radiomics to predict the mitotic index of gastrointestinal stromal tumors based on multiparametric MRI. Front Oncol 2022; 12:948557. [PMID: 36505814 PMCID: PMC9727176 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.948557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preoperative evaluation of the mitotic index (MI) of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represents the basis of individualized treatment of patients. However, the accuracy of conventional preoperative imaging methods is limited. The aim of this study was to develop a predictive model based on multiparametric MRI for preoperative MI prediction. Methods A total of 112 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with GIST were enrolled in this study. The dataset was subdivided into the development (n = 81) and test (n = 31) sets based on the time of diagnosis. With the use of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based classifier was developed for MI prediction, which used a hybrid approach based on 2D tumor images and radiomics features from 3D tumor shape. The trained model was tested on an internal test set. Then, the hybrid model was comprehensively tested and compared with the conventional ResNet, shape radiomics classifier, and age plus diameter classifier. Results The hybrid model showed good MI prediction ability at the image level; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC), and accuracy in the test set were 0.947 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.927-0.968), 0.964 (95% CI: 0.930-0.978), and 90.8 (95% CI: 88.0-93.0), respectively. With the average probabilities from multiple samples per patient, good performance was also achieved at the patient level, with AUROC, AUPRC, and accuracy of 0.930 (95% CI: 0.828-1.000), 0.941 (95% CI: 0.792-1.000), and 93.6% (95% CI: 79.3-98.2) in the test set, respectively. Discussion The deep learning-based hybrid model demonstrated the potential to be a good tool for the operative and non-invasive prediction of MI in GIST patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linsha Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Dan Du
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhanqiu Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Juan Du
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Huiling Yi
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yujie Cui
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China,*Correspondence: Defeng Liu, ; Yuan Fang,
| | - Yuan Fang
- Medical Imaging Center, Chongqing Yubei District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Defeng Liu, ; Yuan Fang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan S, Cui X, Nasir S, Rafiq SM, Qin B, Bai Q. Advances in endoscopic resection techniques of small gastric tumors originating from the muscularis propria. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1001112. [PMID: 36091154 PMCID: PMC9453668 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are common gastrointestinal tumors typically originating from the muscularis propria layer of the stomach. Small gastric stromal tumors are usually detected incidentally during routine endoscopic examination. Although they may have malignant potentially, controversies remain regarding the need for endoscopic resection of small gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria. According to the guidelines of the European Society of Medical Oncology, all gastrointestinal stromal tumors >2 cm in size should be resected with endoscopic surveillance recommended for tumors <2 cm. Endoscopic resection including endoscopic mucosal dissection (EMD), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection and snare assisted endoscopic resection. However, EMD and ESD procedures may be accompanied with serious complications including perforation, bleeding, and abdominal infection. Snare-assisted endoscopic resection is an alternative approach and has the advantages of a shorter procedure time and a low rate of perforation or bleeding. This study summarizes the safety and feasibility of a novel snare-assisted endoscopic resection technique and highlights the pros and cons of the different endoscopic approaches currently used for subepithelia small gastric tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Department of Anesthesiaology, the Second Affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Safyan Nasir
- Department of Medicine, Allied/District Headquarter Hospital Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Mohammad Rafiq
- Department of Medicine, District Headquarter Hospital Gujranwala, Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | - Bo Qin
- Translational Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Qin, ; Qian Bai,
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Anesthesiaology, the Second Affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Qin, ; Qian Bai,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martinez-Alcalá A, Fry LC, Kröner T, Peter S, Contreras C, Mönkemüller K. Endoscopic spectrum and practical classification of small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) detected during double-balloon enteroscopy. Endosc Int Open 2021; 9:E507-E512. [PMID: 33816770 PMCID: PMC7969139 DOI: 10.1055/a-1341-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Information about the endoscopic characterization of small bowel gastrointestinal tumors (GISTs) is limited. The aim of this case study was to describe the endoscopic spectrum of small bowel GISTs and to present a practical classification. Patients and methods Observational, retrospective, consecutive case series of patients with small bowel GIST. Results A total of 10 small bowel GISTs were found in patients (6 male, 4 female, mean age 52 years, range 28 to 68).). All patients presented with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (overt, n = 8, occult, n = 2). Most GISTs were present in the proximal or middle small bowel (n = 7). The endoscopic tumor characteristics could be categorized as follows: submucosal round (n = 4), submucosal sessile (n = 2), and invasive/penetrating) (n = 4). The mucosa overlying the tumor was normal (n = 4), grooved (n = 3) or frankly ulcerated (n = 3). Tumor size ranged from 8 mm to 50 mm. Biopsy was negative in all patients with normal mucosa but showed tumor in all patients with ulcerations. Regardless of biopsy results, all patients were sent for surgery. Nine resections were carried out. One patient refused surgery. There were no complications of endoscopy in this cohort. Conclusion Our series shows that GISTs have a wider spectrum of endoscopic characteristics than previously described. The round type with normal overlying mucosa was equally prevalent as the grooved or ulcerated variant. Endoscopists should be aware of this wide spectrum of presentation of small bowel GIST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Martinez-Alcalá
- Basil Hirschowitz Endoscopic Center of Excellence, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Lucía C. Fry
- Basil Hirschowitz Endoscopic Center of Excellence, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ameos University teaching Hospital, Halberstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Kröner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Shajan Peter
- Basil Hirschowitz Endoscopic Center of Excellence, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Carlo Contreras
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Klaus Mönkemüller
- Basil Hirschowitz Endoscopic Center of Excellence, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ameos University teaching Hospital, Halberstadt, Germany
- University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hajifathalian K, Ichkhanian Y, Dawod Q, Meining A, Schmidt A, Glaser N, Vosoughi K, Diehl DL, Grimm IS, James T, Templeton AW, Samarasena JB, Chehade NEH, Lee JG, Chang KJ, Mizrahi M, Barawi M, Irani S, Friedland S, Korc P, Aadam AA, Al-Haddad M, Kowalski TE, Smallfield G, Ginsberg GG, Fukami N, Lajin M, Kumta NA, Tang SJ, Naga Y, Amateau SK, Kasmin F, Goetz M, Seewald S, Kumbhari V, Ngamruengphong S, Mahdev S, Mukewar S, Sampath K, Carr-Locke DL, Khashab MA, Sharaiha RZ. Full-thickness resection device (FTRD) for treatment of upper gastrointestinal tract lesions: the first international experience. Endosc Int Open 2020; 8:E1291-E1301. [PMID: 33015330 PMCID: PMC7508667 DOI: 10.1055/a-1216-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims The Full-Thickness Resection Device (FTRD) provides a novel treatment option for lesions not amenable to conventional endoscopic resection techniques. There are limited data on the efficacy and safety of FTRD for resection of upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) lesions. Patients and methods This was an international multicenter retrospective study, including patients who had an endoscopic resection of an upper GIT lesion using the FTRD between January 2017 and February 2019. Results Fifty-six patients from 13 centers were included. The most common lesions were mesenchymal neoplasms (n = 23, 41 %), adenomas (n = 7, 13 %), and hamartomas (n = 6, 11 %). Eighty-four percent of lesions were located in the stomach, and 14 % in the duodenum. The average size of lesions was 14 mm (range 3 to 33 mm). Deployment of the FTRD was technically successful in 93 % of patients (n = 52) leading to complete and partial resection in 43 (77 %) and 9 (16 %) patients, respectively. Overall, the FTRD led to negative histological margins (R0 resection) in 38 (68 %) of patients. A total of 12 (21 %) mild or moderate adverse events (AEs) were reported. Follow-up endoscopy was performed in 31 patients (55 %), on average 88 days after the procedure (IQR 68-138 days). Of these, 30 patients (97 %) did not have any residual or recurrent lesion on endoscopic examination and biopsy, with residual adenoma in one patient (3 %). Conclusions Our results suggest a high technical success rate and an acceptable histologically complete resection rate, with a low risk of AEs and early recurrence for FTRD resection of upper GIT lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Hajifathalian
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yervant Ichkhanian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Qais Dawod
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Meining
- Interventional and Experimental Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arthur Schmidt
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Glaser
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kia Vosoughi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - David L. Diehl
- Interventional and Experimental Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ian S. Grimm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Theodore James
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Adam W. Templeton
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jason B. Samarasena
- H. H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, United States
| | - Nabil El Hage Chehade
- H. H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, United States
| | - John G. Lee
- H. H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Chang
- H. H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, United States
| | - Meir Mizrahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Advanced Endoscopy, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Mohammed Barawi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ascension St. John hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Shayan Irani
- Digestive Disease Institute, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United Stats
| | - Shai Friedland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Paul Korc
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach, California, United States
| | - Abdul Aziz Aadam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mohammad Al-Haddad
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | | | - George Smallfield
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia United States
| | - Gregory G. Ginsberg
- Gastroenterology Division, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Norio Fukami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
| | - Michael Lajin
- SHARP Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, California, United States
| | - Nikhil A. Kumta
- Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Shou-jiang Tang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Yehia Naga
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Stuart K. Amateau
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Franklin Kasmin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Martin Goetz
- Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Seewald
- Centre of Gastroenterology, Klinik Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vivek Kumbhari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Srihari Mahdev
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Saurabh Mukewar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kartik Sampath
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - David L. Carr-Locke
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mouen A. Khashab
- Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Reem Z. Sharaiha
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric subepithelial tumors with the gFTRD-system: a prospective pilot study (RESET trial). Surg Endosc 2019; 34:853-860. [PMID: 31187233 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-06839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric subepithelial tumors (SET) are rare and usually benign. However, up to 13% are malignant. Histology after conventional biopsy often is inconclusive. Surveillance endoscopies are the consequence in the majority of gastric SET cases. For SET arising from deeper layers endoscopic resection (ER) with the standard techniques is difficult and associated with the risk of perforation. The RESET trial further evaluates feasibility, efficacy and safety of clip-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) for gastric SET using the novel gastric full-thickness-resection device (gFTRD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The RESET trial was initiated in March 2017 (NCT03096236) and designed as prospective observational multicenter pilot trial. Gastric SET up to 15 mm were included. Primary endpoint was technical success (complete enbloc resection). Secondary endpoints were R0 resection, full-thickness resection, adverse events and recurrency at 3-months follow-up. For resection we used the gFTRD (Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany). RESULTS 29 patients underwent gastric EFTR. Histology prior EFTR after conventional biopsy could define histological tumor type in only 31.2%. Primary endpoint was reached in 89.7%. Histology of the full-thickness-resection specimen could define histological tumor type in 100%. 76% of all SET could be resected histologically complete (R0) and a full-thickness-resection specimen could be obtained in 65.5%. In 31% periprocedural minor bleeding was observed and managed endoscopically. Follow-up was available in 79.3% (OTSC detachment in 78.3%, OTSC in position in 21.7%). No signs of residual or recurrent tumors were observed after 3 months. CONCLUSION EFTR of gastric SET with gFTRD is feasible and safe. EFTR allows a definite histological diagnosis (including sufficient risk stratification in case of GIST or NET) in contrast to conventional biopsy. R0-resection is possible in most cases and might obviate the need for further surveillance endoscopies for selected patients.
Collapse
|
8
|
Akahoshi K, Oya M, Koga T, Shiratsuchi Y. Current clinical management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2806-2817. [PMID: 30018476 PMCID: PMC6048423 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i26.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common malignant subepithelial lesions (SELs) of the gastrointestinal tract. They originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal located within the muscle layer and are characterized by over-expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT. Pathologically, diagnosis of a GIST relies on morphology and immunohistochemistry [KIT and/or discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumor 1 (DOG1) is generally positive]. The prognosis of this disease is associated with the tumor size and mitotic index. The standard treatment of a GIST without metastasis is surgical resection. A GIST with metastasis is usually only treated by tyrosine kinase inhibitors without radical cure; thus, early diagnosis is the only way to improve its prognosis. However, a GIST is usually detected as a SEL during endoscopy, and many benign and malignant conditions may manifest as SELs. Conventional endoscopic biopsy is difficult for tumors without ulceration. Most SELs have therefore been managed without a histological diagnosis. However, a favorable prognosis of a GIST is associated with early histological diagnosis and R0 resection. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) are critical for an accurate diagnosis of SELs. EUS-FNA is safe and effective in enabling an early histological diagnosis and adequate treatment. This review outlines the current evidence for the diagnosis and management of GISTs, with an emphasis on early management of small SELs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Akahoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Masafumi Oya
- Department of Pathology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Tadashi Koga
- Department of Surgery, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiratsuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka 820-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim SY, Kim KO. Management of gastric subepithelial tumors: The role of endoscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 8:418-424. [PMID: 27298713 PMCID: PMC4896903 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v8.i11.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the wide use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the incidence of gastric subepithelial tumor (SET) diagnosis has increased. While the management of large or symptomatic gastric SETs is obvious, treatment of small (≤ 3 cm) asymptomatic gastric SETs remains inconclusive. Moreover, the presence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors with malignant potential is of concern, and endoscopic treatment of gastric SETs remains a subject of debate. Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of endoscopic treatment of gastric SETs, and have proposed various endoscopic procedures including endoscopic submucosal dissection, endoscopic muscularis dissection, endoscopic enucleation, endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection, endoscopic full-thickness resection, and a hybrid approach (the combination of endoscopy and laparoscopy). In this review article, we discuss current endoscopic treatments for gastric SETs as well as the advantages and limitations of this type of therapy. Finally, we predict the availability of newly developed endoscopic treatments for gastric SETs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kushnir VM, Keswani RN, Hollander TG, Kohlmeier C, Mullady DK, Azar RR, Murad FM, Komanduri S, Edmundowicz SA, Early DS. Compliance with surveillance recommendations for foregut subepithelial tumors is poor: results of a prospective multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 81:1378-84. [PMID: 25660977 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND American Gastroenterological Association guidelines recommend performing EUS to characterize subepithelial lesions (SELs) discovered on upper endoscopy (EGD), followed by surveillance if no high-risk features are identified. However, limited data are available on the impact of and compliance with surveillance recommendations. OBJECTIVE To determine the natural history of SELs<30 mm in size evaluated by EUS and to determine the degree of patient compliance with surveillance recommendations. DESIGN Prospective registry. SETTING Two tertiary centers. PATIENTS We studied 187 consecutive adult patients referred for EUS evaluation of foregut SELs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Proportion of patients in whom SELs change in size or echo-features and compliance with follow-up recommendations. RESULTS Surveillance was recommended in 65 patients with hypoechoic SELs (44.6% women, age 59.5±13.2 years); of these, 29 (44.6%) underwent surveillance EUS as recommended and were followed for a median of 30 months (range, 12-105). During follow-up, 16 SELs (25%) increased in size, with a mean increase of 3.4±3.9 mm (range, 1-15). No changes in echo-texture of the SELs were observed. One patient was referred to surgery during follow-up (because of SEL growth>30 mm). LIMITATIONS Short follow-up duration; compliance was a secondary aim. CONCLUSIONS During a median follow-up of 30 months, growth in size was observed in 25% of small foregut SELs. However, change in size was minimal, and only 1 patient was referred for surgery based on surveillance EUS findings. Compliance with surveillance recommendations is poor, with fewer than 50% of patients undergoing surveillance EUS as recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir M Kushnir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rajesh N Keswani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas G Hollander
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cara Kohlmeier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel K Mullady
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Riad R Azar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Faris M Murad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Srinadh Komanduri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven A Edmundowicz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dayna S Early
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The standard therapy is complete surgical resection with safety margins of 1-2 cm. Intraoperative rupture of the tumor capsule must be avoided because this carries a very high risk of tumor spread. A lymph node dissection is not routinely indicated as lymph node metastases very rarely occur with GIST. Smaller GISTs can normally be removed laparoscopically according to the rules of tumor surgery. Depending on the size of the tumor, the mitosis index and the localization of the primary tumor, the risk of recurrence after potentially curative resection is considerable in many cases. Patients with intermediate and high risks according to Miettinen's classification should receive adjuvant treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. Exceptions are those patients whose tumors exhibit the mutation D842V in exon18 of the PDGFRA gene. According to current European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines this therapy should be continued for 3 years. This leads to a significant improvement in progression-free survival compared to a 1-year therapy, and more important to an improvement in overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Fendrich
- Klinik für Visceral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Deutschland,
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Crouthamel MR, Kaufman JA, Billing JP, Billing PS, Landerholm RW. Incidental gastric mesenchymal tumors identified during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015; 11:1025-8. [PMID: 26645488 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a well-tolerated and effective procedure for sustained weight loss and amelioration of weight-related co-morbidities. Rarely, unexpected pathology may be identified intraoperatively, which may alter the surgical plan. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are among the more frequently encountered tumors and pose a particular concern because of their malignant potential. We review our findings of incidental tumors encountered during 1415 consecutive SGs. METHODS Abnormal pathology records from all patients who underwent SG at our institution between 2009 and 2014 were reviewed. Patient demographic characteristics and clinical characteristics, tumor characteristics, including immunohistochemistry, operative course, and patient follow-up were reviewed. RESULTS There were 17 incidental gastric mesenchymal tumors identified (1.2%) in 1415 SG procedures. This included 12 GISTs (.8%), 2 schwannomas (.1%), and 3 leiomyomas (.3%). In the majority of cases (1210/1415), the gastric specimens were not reviewed by a pathologist because there were no gross abnormalities appreciated by the surgeon. The GISTs were between .3 and 2.9 cm, and all were low grade with negative margins. Patients with GISTs tended to be older (mean age 55±9.3 y) than the rest of the patients. There was no evidence of recurrence on follow-up. CONCLUSION Incidental gastric mesenchymal tumors are rarely encountered during SG. The vast majority were GISTs with an incidence of .8% in this population. Concomitant SG and tumor resection were feasible, without compromising the objectives of each. Complete tumor excision is necessary for tumors>2 cm.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu L, Zhang Z, Yao H, Liu K, Wen Y, Xiong L. Clinical efficacy of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a meta-analysis of recent clinical trials. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:2061-7. [PMID: 25378911 PMCID: PMC4219427 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s63840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary and secondary resistance to imatinib, a selective receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is a serious clinical problem in the control of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Here we report on a meta-analysis we performed to evaluate the efficacy of second-generation TKIs in the treatment of patients with imatinib-resistant GIST. METHODS Randomized controlled trials evaluating the clinical efficacy of second-generation TKIs were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE from 2000 to February 2014. Outcomes subjected to analysis were progression-free survival and overall survival. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager version 5.1.0 (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Weighted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the outcomes. Fixed-effects or random-effects models were used, depending on the degree of heterogeneity across the selected studies. RESULTS Three randomized controlled trials were selected for meta-analysis. Among imatinib-resistant or imatinib-intolerant patients, 541 received second-generation TKIs (sunitinib, nilotinib, or regorafenib) and 267 controls received placebo or best supportive care. Progression-free survival was significantly improved in the TKI-treated group (HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.24-0.59; P<0.0001). No statistically significant difference was detected in overall survival between the treatment group and the control group (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.71-1.03; P=0.09). In the subgroup of patients who were resistant or intolerant to both imatinib and sunitinib, TKI therapy (nilotinib or regorafenib) improved progression-free survival (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.19-0.84; P=0.02) but not overall survival (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.63-1.08; P=0.17). Regorafenib was shown to be effective in terms of progression-free survival across different subpopulations of patients who were resistant to both imatinib and sunitinib. CONCLUSION Second-generation TKIs (sunitinib, nilotinib, and regorafenib) are effective in improving progression-free survival but not overall survival in patients with GIST who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib or to imatinib and sunitinib. Regorafenib is promising as a third-line treatment option for patients with advanced GIST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lile Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuijie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lai ECH, Chung KM, Lau SHY, Lau WY. A ruptured recurrent small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumour causing hemoperitoneum. Front Med 2014; 9:108-11. [PMID: 25001102 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-014-0344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemoperitoneum is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of GIST. We reported a 54-year-old man who developed disseminated intra-abdominal recurrence from a previously resected gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) of the small bowel, and the patient presented with hemoperitoneum. Emergent debulking surgery was performed. A high dose imatinib was prescribed. Despite the presence of residual disease, the patient was well clinically 8 months after the operation. Even though, there is no evidence to support the routine use of debulking surgery in the management of GIST. In our patient, disease progression after second line targeted therapy and the absence of alternative treatment options for spontaneous rupture and hemoperitoneum prompted us to treat the patient aggressively. Resection of the ruptured GIST was carried out for control of bleeding and to prevent recurrent bleeding in this patient with good surgical risks. During the treatment decision-making, the patient's general condition, the risk of surgery and the extent of dissemination were taken into consideration. In this patient who presented with spontaneous rupture of a small intestinal GIST, the novel use of targeted therapy and aggressive surgical treatment produced reasonably good survival outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C H Lai
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fry LC, Gutierrez JP, Jovanovic I, Mönkemüller K. Small Bowel Neoplasias: Current Options for Diagnosis, Staging and Therapeutic Management. Gastrointest Tumors 2014. [DOI: 10.1159/000355210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although small bowel polyps and tumors are rare, their incidence has increased significantly over the past 30 years. Small bowel malignancies can be classified depending upon their cellular origin into four principal histologic types: adenocarcinomas, lymphomas, neuroendocrine tumors or carcinoids and lymphomas, which also include gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The relative ‘rarity' of these tumors has led to stagnation in the development of effective curative or adjuvant therapies. Thus, the prognosis of most of these tumors is still dismal. Nevertheless, hope is now on the horizon as new methods such as capsule endoscopy and balloon-assisted enteroscopy have contributed to a rise in the diagnosis of these lesions and a diagnosis at earlier stages. Using balloon-assisted enteroscopy methods it is possible to resect most small bowel polyps such as adenomas and hamartomas. Improved imaging methods have led to a better understanding of these pathologies and hopefully will bring new hopes in therapy. In addition, multi-center studies are being performed to determine the best therapeutic options for small bowel tumors. <b>Key Message</b> New imaging techniques such as capsule endoscopy and balloon-assisted endoscopy have facilitated the early diagnosis of small bowel malignancies, leading to a better understanding of the biology of these tumors and to improved clinical outcomes for the patient. <b>Practical Implications</b> Although relatively rare, the incidence of tumors and polyps in the small intestine has increased over the past 20 years. The use of endoscopic or radiologic techniques is crucial for the detection and resection of polyps. It is highly recommended to perform a submucosal injection of epinephrine-saline solution prior to endoscopic resection. Due to their non-specific symptoms, neuroendocrine tumors are often diagnosed in advanced stages; surgical excision of the primary tumor is key to a better prognosis. The main therapies for neuroendocrine tumors are surgery, chemoembolization, chemotherapy and the use of somatostatin analogues. Small bowel adenocarcinomas are extremely rare but can be highly fatal. Surgical resection is still the core treatment, though fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy have shown beneficial effects for the treatment of metastatic disease. Amongst the gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 30% are located in the small intestine. The management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors requires a combination of surgery, pathology techniques and pharmacological interventions, including the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach: the role of laparoscopic resection. Single-centre experience of 38 cases. Surg Endosc 2013; 28:1040-7. [PMID: 24149857 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-013-3255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laparoscopic resection is considered the gold standard of treatment only for small gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2004 and September 2012, 38 consecutive gastric GISTs were operated on by laparoscopic approach, without conversions. Thirty-five cases were primary GISTs and three were bleeding GISTs with hepatic metastases non-responding to conservative therapy treated by emergency surgery. RESULTS Median tumor size was 3.63 cm (1.8-17 cm). In two cases tumor size was <2 cm, between 2 and 5 cm in 26 cases, between 5 and 10 cm in eight cases, and >10 cm in two cases. In two cases, localization was in the cardia, fundus in ten cases, lesser curve in 11 cases, greater curve in 12 cases, and antrum in three cases. We performed 24 wedge resections, eight transgastric resections and six antrectomies. An Endo-GIA™ was used in 25 cases, and a manual laparoscopic reconstruction with extramucosal suture was performed in 13 cases. No postoperative mortality and morbidity was observed. The routine use of laparoscopy allowed us to perform resections in 100 % of cases, even in those where preoperative imaging suggested an open approach according to the current guidelines. CONCLUSIONS The use of a pre-resection endobag avoids spillage and seeding, thus increasing the possibility of resection. In conclusion, we consider the laparoscopic approach as mandatory in all cases, always considering the possibility of converting to the open technique when necessary.
Collapse
|