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Xie W, Yin Q, Fang H, Yang KY, Xue HB, Zheng H, Li P. Diagnosis of nasopharyngeal disease during upper GI endoscopy. Gut 2025:gutjnl-2024-334528. [PMID: 40015950 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-334528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai-Yan Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bo Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Central Laboratory of the Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Li
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Gundling F, Schad CM, Böss N, Wannhoff A, Becker ET, Eckert A, Pech O. [Thinking out of the tube: endoscopic findings in oral cavity, pharynx and larynx during flexible esophagogastroduodenoscopy]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2025. [PMID: 39970942 DOI: 10.1055/a-2529-3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
During a flexible esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), the oral cavity and significant regions of the pharynx (oropharynx, hypopharynx), as well as the larynx, can usually be examined with a high resolution. Numerous benign and malignant findings of considerable clinical relevance can occur in this region of the digestive tract, which can be inspected during a gastroscopy and treated subsequently. Remarkably, head and neck tumors represent a heterogeneous group of malignant diseases and account for ca. 4 % of cancers diagnosed in men in Germany.This review presents benign and malignant findings assessed during routine endoscopy in the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx discussing them in the context of an extensive literature review.Common benign and malignant findings in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx are easy to diagnose visually with a reasonable amount of additional time and histological confirmation is possible in selected cases. We describe a proposal for a structured examination procedure.Careful routine inspection of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx during gastroscopy can reveal pathological findings and diagnose them at an early stage, especially in people at risk, but also in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gundling
- Medizinische Klinik II: Gastroenterologie, Gastroenterologische Onkologie, Hepatologie, Diabetologie, Stoffwechsel, Infektiologie, Klinikum am Bruderwald, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Moritz Schad
- Medizinische Klinik II: Gastroenterologie, Gastroenterologische Onkologie, Hepatologie, Diabetologie, Stoffwechsel, Infektiologie, Klinikum am Bruderwald, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Nadia Böss
- Abteilung für Klinische Toxikologie & Giftnotruf, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wannhoff
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie, Hämato-Onkologie, Diabetologie und Infektiologie, RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Tessina Becker
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie, Klinikum am Bruderwald, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Eckert
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie, Klinikum am Bruderwald, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Pech
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und interventionelle Endoskopie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Germany
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McBride AA. Human malignancies associated with persistent HPV infection. Oncologist 2024; 29:457-464. [PMID: 38630576 PMCID: PMC11144980 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies account for ~5% of human cancers worldwide. Thirteen, or more, HPV types are oncogenic, but infection with these viruses is common and usually cleared within 2 years. Only infections that become persistent are associated with the development of cancer, often occurring several decades later. These cancers mostly arise in 6 different anatomical regions: 5 are anogenital (anus, cervix, penis, vagina, and vulva) and the sixth is the oropharynx. Oncogenic HPVs promote cellular proliferation and genomic instability, but the anatomical niche of the target tissue also plays an important role in the development of cancer. Cells that reside in transitional regions between different types of epithelia, such as in the anus, cervix, and oropharynx, are particularly vulnerable to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A McBride
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Iwamuro M, Hamada K, Kawano S, Kawahara Y, Otsuka M. Review of oral and pharyngolaryngeal benign lesions detected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 15:496-509. [PMID: 37547241 PMCID: PMC10401409 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i7.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in endoscopy equipment have facilitated endoscopists’ detection of neoplasms in the oral cavity and pharyngolaryngeal regions. In particular, image-enhanced endoscopy using narrow band imaging or blue laser imaging play an integral role in the endoscopic diagnosis of oral and pharyngolaryngeal cancers. Despite these advancements, limited studies have focused on benign lesions that can be observed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the oral and pharyngolaryngeal regions. Therefore, this mini-review aimed to provide essential information on such benign lesions, along with representative endoscopic images of dental caries, cleft palate, palatal torus, bifid uvula, compression by cervical osteophytes, tonsil hyperplasia, black hairy tongue, oral candidiasis, oral and pharyngolaryngeal ulcers, pharyngeal melanosis, oral tattoos associated with dental alloys, retention cysts, papilloma, radiation-induced changes, skin flaps, vocal cord paresis, and vocal fold leukoplakia. Whilst it is imperative to seek consultation from otolaryngologists or dentists in instances where the diagnosis cannot be definitively ascertained by endoscopists, the merits of attaining foundational expertise pertaining to oral and pharyngolaryngeal lesions are unequivocal. This article will be a valuable resource for endoscopists seeking to enhance their understanding of oral and pharyngolaryngeal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Iwamuro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kenta Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kawahara
- Department of Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Lacey CJ. Unresolved issues in the management of human papillomavirus-associated mucosal high-grade pre-cancers. Tumour Virus Res 2023; 15:200250. [PMID: 36682539 PMCID: PMC9880239 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2022.200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews human papillomavirus-associated mucosal high-grade pre-cancers and their management. It examines pre-cancer classification systems, the natural history of HPV-associated pre-cancers, the various types of management and treatment for HPV pre-cancers, the various mucosal site-specific considerations, and then some of the unresolved issues. Different conclusions are reached for each of the relevant mucosal sites, which are cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, penis and oro-pharynx, and indeed there are differing volumes of evidence relating to each of these sites, and thus differing degrees of certainty/uncertainty in the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Jn Lacey
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, UK.
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