• Crohn’s disease
• Endoscopy
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Intestinal ultrasound
• Ulcerative colitis

• Crohn
• elastography
• stricture

• CEUS
• Intestinal ultrasound
• SICUS
• TPUS
• ultrasound Elastography

• Humans
• Crohn Disease/diagnostic imaging
• Reproducibility of Results
• Intestines/diagnostic imaging
• Ultrasonography/methods
• Constriction, Pathologic

• Crohn’s disease
• fibrotic stenosis
• intestinal ultrasound

• Elastography
• bowel ultrasound
• inflammation
• inflammatory bowel disease
• shear waves

• disease monitoring
• inflammatory bowel disease
• intestinal ultrasound
• pediatrics
• review

• Child
• Colonoscopy
• Humans
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnostic imaging
• Intestines/diagnostic imaging
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Ultrasonography/methods

Transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) is useful in all aspects of lesion screening, monitoring activity, or treating/diagnosing any related complications of inflammatory bowel disease. Its ability to screen or diagnose complications is almost the same as that of other methods, such as CT or MRI. Moreover, its noninvasiveness makes it a first-line examination method. A TAUS image depicting ulcerative colitis will show large intestinal wall thickening that is continuous from the rectum, which is mainly due to mucosal layer thickening, while for Crohn’s disease, a TAUS image is characterized by a diversity in the areas affected, distribution, and layer structure. Indicators of activity monitoring include wall thickness, wall structure, and vascular tests that use Doppler ultrasound or contrast agents. While all of these have been reported to be useful, at this time, no single parameter has been established as superior to others; therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of these parameters is justified. In addition, evaluating the elasticity of lesions using elastography is particularly useful for distinguishing between fibrous and inflammatory stenoses. However, the lack of objectivity is the biggest drawback of using ultrasound. Standardizing and popularizing the ultrasound process will be necessary, including scanning methods, equipment settings, and image analysis.

• Crohn's disease
• Diagnosis
• Monitoring
• Ulcerative colitis
• Ultrasound

Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is a non‐invasive and accurate tool to assess inflammatory bowel disease. The ECCO‐ESGAR guideline recommends the use of IUS for the assessment of disease activity and complications in Crohn's disease (CD). In addition, an increasing body of evidence suggests the use of IUS as alternative to colonoscopy in monitoring CD and in assessing disease activity of ulcerative colitis. Early responsiveness of IUS findings by the first weeks of treatment and the advantage to perform the procedure in real time may dramatically change frequency of the assessment of treatment response in the future and speed up the clinical decision‐making process. Development of validated and reproducible sonographic scores to measure disease activity and therapeutic response and spread of knowledge of IUS remain relevant issues for the future in which current researchers and the International Bowel Ultrasound (IBUS) Group are actively engaged.

• Crohn's disease
• ibd
• inflammatory bowel disease
• intestinal ultrasound
• perineal ultrasound
• ulcerative colitis

Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is a valid cross-sectional imaging technique for the evaluation of Crohn’s disease (CD). With advancements in technology, portable ultrasound systems are becoming widely available, and the inevitable change to their use by non-radiologist clinicians would be a valuable contribution to improving patient care. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of IUS examination performed by a gastroenterologist with a portable system as an adjunct imaging modality in the routine care of CD patients.

A total of 117 CD patients were assessed by IUS imaging. Pre- and post-IUS clinical-management decisions were recorded. The primary outcome was to evaluate the change in the patients’ clinical-management decision following the IUS examination. The diagnostic accuracy was compared against the reference decision reached via a multidisiplinary meeting after the evaluation of all patient-related data. The endoscopic disease activity was determined using the simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD).

The initial clinical-management decision was changed in 47 patients (40.2%) after the IUS examination (P = 0.001). The accuracy of patient-management decisions improved from 63.2% to 90.6% in comparison to reference decisions (P < 0.001). After IUS examination, a further 13 cases (11.1%) were identified for urgent surgical/interventional procedures. The accuracy of colonoscopic (SES-CD ≥3) assessment was shown to be comparable to that of IUS (94% vs 91%). The sensitivity for disease presence was 95% with colonoscopy and 94% with the IUS assessment.

IUS examination with the use of a portable ultrasonography system significantly improves clinical-management decisions. With further supporting data, this practice would possibly become a requirement for CD management.

• Crohn’s disease
• inflammatory bowel diseases
• monitoring
• point-of-care
• portable
• ultrasound

The evaluation of the degree of inflammation and fibrosis, intrinsic elements in intestinal wall damage of Crohn’s disease, is essential to individuate the extent of the lesions and the presence of strictures. This information will contribute to the choice of the appropriate therapeutic approach, the prediction of the response to therapy and the course of the disease. The accurate evaluation of the extent and severity of inflammation and/or fibrosis in Crohn’s disease currently requires histopathological analysis of the intestinal wall. However, in clinical practice and research, transmural assessment of the intestinal wall with cross sectional imaging is increasingly used for this purpose. The B-mode ultrasonograhic characteristics of the intestinal wall, the assessment of its vascularization by color Doppler and I.V. contrast agents, and the evaluation of the mechanical and elastic properties by sonoelastography, may provide useful and accurate information on the severity and extent of inflammation and intestinal fibrosis in Crohn’s disease. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on current sonographic methods to discriminate inflammation and fibrosis in Crohn’s disease.

• Crohn’s disease
• fibrosis
• inflammation
• sonoelastography
• strictures
• ultrasound

• Acoustic radiation force impulse
• Crohn's disease
• Elastography
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Intestinal ultrasound
• Shear wave elastography
• Ulcerative colitis

• Adult
• Area Under Curve
• C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
• Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnostic imaging
• Crohn Disease/diagnostic imaging
• Elasticity Imaging Techniques
• Feces/chemistry
• Female
• Humans
• Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/analysis
• Male
• Middle Aged
• ROC Curve
• Recurrence
• Sensitivity and Specificity
• Severity of Illness Index
• Ultrasonography/methods
• Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

• Crohn's disease (CD)
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Ultrasound elastography (USE)
• fibrosis
• heterogeneity
• therapeutic strategy

• Colitis ulcerosa
• Crohńs disease
• Curación mucosa
• Curación transmural
• Ecografía
• Enfermedad de Crohn
• Monitoring
• Monitorización
• Mucosal healing
• Post-surgical recurrence
• Recurrencia postquirúrgica
• Transmural healing
• Ulcerative colitis
• Ultrasonography

• Colitis ulcerosa
• Crohn's disease
• Curación transmural
• Ecografía
• Enfermedad de Crohn
• Monitoring
• Monitorización
• Postsurgical recurrence
• Recurrencia posquirúrgica
• Transmural healing
• Ulcerative colitis
• Ultrasound