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Iwamuro M, Hamada K, Kawano S, Kawahara Y, Otsuka M. Review of oral and pharyngolaryngeal benign lesions detected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 15:496-509. [PMID: 37547241 PMCID: PMC10401409 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i7.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in endoscopy equipment have facilitated endoscopists’ detection of neoplasms in the oral cavity and pharyngolaryngeal regions. In particular, image-enhanced endoscopy using narrow band imaging or blue laser imaging play an integral role in the endoscopic diagnosis of oral and pharyngolaryngeal cancers. Despite these advancements, limited studies have focused on benign lesions that can be observed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the oral and pharyngolaryngeal regions. Therefore, this mini-review aimed to provide essential information on such benign lesions, along with representative endoscopic images of dental caries, cleft palate, palatal torus, bifid uvula, compression by cervical osteophytes, tonsil hyperplasia, black hairy tongue, oral candidiasis, oral and pharyngolaryngeal ulcers, pharyngeal melanosis, oral tattoos associated with dental alloys, retention cysts, papilloma, radiation-induced changes, skin flaps, vocal cord paresis, and vocal fold leukoplakia. Whilst it is imperative to seek consultation from otolaryngologists or dentists in instances where the diagnosis cannot be definitively ascertained by endoscopists, the merits of attaining foundational expertise pertaining to oral and pharyngolaryngeal lesions are unequivocal. This article will be a valuable resource for endoscopists seeking to enhance their understanding of oral and pharyngolaryngeal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Iwamuro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kenta Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kawahara
- Department of Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Prasad P, Khalil E, Desai VB, Varma SR, Gunasekaran L, Kumar K, Pradeep S. Bifid Uvula-An Enigma. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S806-S809. [PMID: 37654280 PMCID: PMC10466618 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_464_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial development involves an intricate regulatory mechanism that accounts for numerous craniofacial abnormalities, common being orofacial clefts. Although cleft in the secondary palate accounts for one-third of orofacial clefts stills remains an under-researched domain. Hence, in this work, the authors put forth two non-syndromic, asymptomatic cleft uvulae reported among bimodal male patients of the Indian-Asiatic population who came up for dental screening. Most of the time, isolated/asymptomatic cleft uvula patients will be reluctant to further investigations and treatment. Although bifid uvula looks benign in most patients, it may sometimes be associated with catastrophic complications. To conclude, whenever bifid uvula is an incidental finding, it is the responsibility of the healthcare worker to plan a thorough patient workup as a primary preventive measure to rule out any complications whenever feasible. It can help us overcome many future unforeseen sequelae and emergency management due to bifid uvula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathibha Prasad
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Ebtesam Khalil
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Vijay Bhavrao Desai
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Sudhir Rama Varma
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Lalithambigai Gunasekaran
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vivekananda Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiran Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, (A Constituent Unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University) Dharwad, Karnataka state, India
| | - Sulakshana Pradeep
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Jamal YS, Moshref SS, Baamir AM, Kurdi MO, Jamal DY. The efficacy of transnasal palatal transillumination for the diagnosis of submucous cleft palate. ANNALS OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43159-021-00093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Submucous cleft palate (SMCP) is a congenital abnormality with various clinical and anatomical features. Submucous cleft pathologies may be unrecognized during routine examinations. Current diagnostic techniques are constrained and unrevealing in presurgical patients. This prospective study aimed to evaluate transnasal palatal transillumination technique in diagnosis of SMCP at our institute hospital, during period from 2005-2020.
Patients and methods
Twenty-one cases with SMCP were recruited with age range from 2-60 months. Transnasal palatal transillumination with controllable light intensity endoscope used to evaluate SMCP and cases were photo and video recorded.
Results
In this study, 21 cases (13 males and 8 females) with SMCP were detected or confirmed by intranasal transnasal palatal transillumination. Frequency of SMCP patients at our institute was 3.39%. All patients presented with symptomatic complaints at diagnosis time, apart from 5 patients (23.8%) were diagnosed during cleft lip repair operations. Presenting symptoms were hypernasality (23.8%), delayed speech (23.8%), perforated palate with nasal escape of milk and food (14.3%), feeding difficulties (14.3%), and otitis media (4.8%). During intra-oral examination, all cases had a bifid uvula accompanied SMCP. Submucous cleft palate appeared as thin palate with central lucency. According to operative findings, operations done for repair were mostly two long palatal flaps (n = 13, 61.9%), von Langenbeck (n = 5, 23.8%), simple repair with lateral release incisions (n = 2, 9.6%), and simple repair without lateral release incision (n = 1, 4.8%).
Conclusions
Intraoperative assessment of submucous cleft palate with transnasal palatal transillumination is easy and cheap method to avoid missing cases of SMCP.
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Hernandez M, George A, Ganti L. A rare case of a bifurcated uvula in a 20-year-old. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/3/e239617. [PMID: 33782065 PMCID: PMC8009241 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hernandez
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Latha Ganti
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA .,Envision Physician Services, Plantation, Florida, USA
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Boyce JO, Sanchez K, Amor DJ, Reilly S, Da Costa A, Kilpatrick N, Morgan AT. Exploring the speech and language of individuals with non-syndromic submucous cleft palate: a preliminary report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2019; 54:767-778. [PMID: 31045304 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Submucous cleft palate (SMCP) has a heterogeneous presentation and is often identified late or misdiagnosed. Diagnosis is prompted by speech, resonance or feeding symptoms associated with velopharyngeal insufficiency. However, the broader impacts of SMCP on communication have rarely been examined and therefore are poorly understood. AIM To describe the communicative profile of individuals with non-syndromic SMCP by examining speech, language and pragmatics (social language). METHODS & PROCEDURES Fifteen participants with SMCP aged 5;1-12;8, without a genetic diagnosis, participated in the study. Participants completed standardized assessments examining language, resonance, speech and non-verbal intellect. Parents also completed the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC-2), which provided a measure of overall communicative ability, including pragmatic skills. Formal language outcomes were compared with two cohorts: 36 individuals with overt non-syndromic clefts and 129 individuals with no history of clefting. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Speech intelligibility was reduced secondary to hypernasality, disordered articulation and/or impaired phonology (n = 7) in children with SMCP. Poorer overall language outcomes were observed for children with SMCP compared with both those with overt clefts and no history of clefting (p < 0.001). Language scores for children with SMCP ranged from impaired (n = 6) to above the standardized mean (n = 4). Receptive and expressive language performance were independently correlated with non-verbal IQ (p < 0.01). Those with severe language impairment (n = 4) also had borderline or impaired non-verbal IQ. Parents reported that speech and semantics were the most affected sub-domains of communication, while scores were the highest for the initiation domain. Speech and language skills were correlated strongly with pragmatics (r = 0.877, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Overall, performance was variable within the SMCP group across speech, language and pragmatic assessments. In addition to well-documented speech difficulties, children with SMCP may have language or pragmatic impairments, suggesting that further neurodevelopmental influences may be at play. As such, for individuals with SMCP, additional clinical screening of language and pragmatic abilities may be required to ensure accurate diagnosis and guide both cleft and non-cleft related therapy programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica O Boyce
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Sanchez
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Amor
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheena Reilly
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Annette Da Costa
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicky Kilpatrick
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela T Morgan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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