• Cell blocking
• Cell-block
• FFPE
• Fine Needle Aspiration

• canal of Nuck
• cytology
• endometriosis
• histology
• immunohistochemistry
• mesothelial cyst

• Humans
• Female
• Endometriosis/complications
• Endometriosis/pathology
• Inguinal Canal/pathology
• Peritoneum/pathology
• Cysts/complications
• Cysts/diagnosis
• Cysts/pathology

• bronchial washing
• cell blocks
• immunocytochemistry
• pleural effusion

• Cell block
• Cell-gel
• Cellient
• Collodion bag
• Cytology
• HistoGel
• Plasma thrombin

• cell block
• cellular yield
• cytological specimens
• cytology
• gellan gum

To investigate intracellular heterogeneity, cell capture of particular cell populations followed by transcriptome analysis has been highly effective in freshly isolated tissues. However, this approach has been quite challenging in immunostained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections. This study aimed at combining the standard pathology techniques, immunostaining and laser capture microdissection, with whole RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to characterize FFPE breast cancer cell populations with heterogeneous expression of progesterone receptor (PR). Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that 60% of MCF-7 cells admixture highly express PR. Immunocytochemistry-based targeted RNA-seq (ICC-RNAseq) and in silico functional analysis revealed that the PR-high cell population is associated with upregulation in transcripts implicated in immunomodulatory and inflammatory pathways (e.g. NF-κB and interferon signaling). In contrast, the PR-low cell population is associated with upregulation of genes involved in metabolism and mitochondrial processes as well as EGFR and MAPK signaling. These findings were cross-validated and confirmed in FACS-sorted PR high and PR-low MCF-7 cells and in MDA-MB-231 cells ectopically overexpressing PR. Significantly, ICC-RNAseq could be extended to analyze samples captured at specific spatio-temporal states to investigate gene expression profiles using diverse biomarkers. This would also facilitate our understanding of cell population-specific molecular events driving cancer and potentially other diseases.

• Breast cancer
• Immunocytochemistry
• Intracellular heterogeneity
• NF-κB signaling
• Progesterone receptor
• RNA sequencing

• Cell blocks
• PAX8
• gynecologic effusion
• immunohistochemistry
• ovarian cancer
• p53
• serous adenocarcinoma

Cell-block preparations have become an essential part of integrated cytology diagnosis. They are essentially microbiopsies that are formalin fixed and embedded in paraffin. This has become more prevalent with greater sample procurement due to the advent of newer biopsy techniques and needles. Cell-blocks allow retrieval of small tissue fragments from cytology specimens that sometimes cannot be processed by alternate cytologic techniques. They represent concentrated, cell-enriched preparations that provide cytologists with the opportunity to evaluate cellular architecture, as well as to perform ancillary testing. A cell-block compatible sample may thus obviate the need for a more invasive procedure such as a tissue biopsy. Microscopic examination of cell-blocks is quick, avoids obscuring material, permits cells to be evaluated in one focal plane, and allows the histologic architecture such as glandular differentiation, papillary formations, and sometimes invasion to be easily identified. This new era of “cytohistology” accordingly requires practicing cytologists to become more familiar with histopathology. This review article discusses the benefit of various architectural patterns identifiable in cell-blocks employed as an adjunct to Pap tests, exfoliative fluid specimens, and fine-needle aspirations.

• Biopsy
• Cell-block
• CellBlockistry
• Cytohistology
• FFPE
• Fine-needle aspiration
• Histopathology
• Small biopsy
• Surgical pathology

• 22C3
• Dako
• Keytruda
• PD-L1
• Validation
• Ventana Discovery Ultra
• Ventana Discovery XT
• cross-platform
• harmonization
• immunohistochemistry
• immunotherapy
• interobserver
• lung cancer
• pembrolizumab

• cell block
• conventional smear
• fine needle aspiration cytology

Scrape cellblock (SCB) is a novel technique to suggest possible primary site in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears from the liver, lung, and lymph nodes which are the common sites of metastasis of many primary tumors. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) on SCB averts the need of more invasive diagnostic procedures and gives a conclusive diagnosis. We present a series of four cases with unknown primary site, in which ICC was done on SCB to suggest possible primary site. Three of them were liver space-occupying lesions (SOL) and one from the periportal lymph node. In all four cases, wet-fixed smear for hematoxylin and eosin stain was prepared as routine procedure. FNAC was reported as metastatic adenocarcinoma in two and metastatic spindle cell neoplasm in one liver SOL. Periportal node was reported metastatic adenocarcinoma. Two hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from each case with higher cellularity were used to scrape off the material to prepare SCB. ICC was put which gave conclusive diagnosis in all the cases. On ICC, two cases of metastatic carcinoma in the liver were diagnosed as metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasm from Gastrointestinal Tract and metastatic adenocarcinoma from the stomach. Spindle cell neoplasm of the liver was diagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor from the stomach. Pancreatic head mass in metastatic periportal node was confirmed later by radiologic examination. SCB is a useful technique to make the best use of available material where reaspiration is difficult. ICC on SCB is of maximum utility to suggest possible primary sites in metastatic cases with unknown primary or where biopsy of the lesion is not possible.

• Immunocytochemistry
• Scrape cellblock
• Unknown primary

Cytological examination plays an important role in the initial work-up of the serous cavity effusion fluids to find out the possible etiology as benign or malignant. Among malignant effusions, cytology is helpful in determining the exact type, site, and stage of the tumor. However, for reporting effusion cytology specimens, there is no consistent and reproducible reporting system.

• Categories
• Indian Academy of Cytologists
• cell block
• cytopreparation
• effusion cytology
• guidelines
• immunocytochemistry
• immunohistochemistry
• reporting

The advent of fiberoptic endoscopy with biopsy has revolutionized procurement of specimens from deep sites. This has translated into more cytologic specimens whereby the material is limited and best handled by cytology laboratory staff. While the diagnosis of the pathologic process is of utmost importance, there is increasing expectation that the diagnosis be specific and accurate as not to require additional biopsy for initiation of treatment. This expectation has driven demand in immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular studies conducted specifically on material processed as cytology specimens. The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 requires laboratories in the United States of America to verify the performance of patient tests. Due to varying laboratory practices with respect to validation of IHC assays, the College of American Pathologists introduced guidelines for analytic validation of IHC tests. These guidelines address how to perform validation by recommending the number of cases in the validation set, comparator concordance, and when to revalidate. The main thrust of the guidelines is based on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue with only one expert consensus opinion referring to validation of IHC tests on cytology specimens which delegates to the medical director, the determination of number of positive and negative cases to be tested. This article will outline how an academic center approaches validation of IHC studies performed on cytology cell block specimens using the College of American Pathologists guidelines. A stepwise approach from selection of antibodies to validate followed by building the validation panel and evaluating the stain results for concordance against the gold standard of histology tissue specimen will be described. A rationale for dealing with discordant results and future innovations will conclude the report.

• Cell block
• College of American Pathologists
• clinical laboratory improvement amendments
• cytology
• immunohistochemistry
• laboratory practice
• validation

• Cell block
• CellGel
• Granuloma
• HistoGel
• Plasma-thrombin

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods
• Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration/methods
• Endosonography/methods
• Female
• Granuloma/diagnostic imaging
• Granuloma/pathology
• Humans
• Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging
• Lymph Nodes/pathology
• Male
• Mediastinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging
• Mediastinal Diseases/pathology
• Mediastinum
• Middle Aged
• Retrospective Studies
• Young Adult

• Cell block
• Cytology
• Cytology technique

• Biopsy, Fine-Needle
• Cytodiagnosis/methods
• Humans
• Immunohistochemistry
• Microtomy
• Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
• Paraffin Embedding
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Reproducibility of Results
• Staining and Labeling
• Tissue Fixation/methods

Immunofluorescent staining is currently the method of choice for determination of protein expression levels in cell-culture systems when morphological information is also necessary. The protocol of immunocytochemical staining on paraffin-embedded cell blocks, presented herein, is an excellent alternative to immunofluorescent staining on non-paraffin-embedded fixed cells. In this protocol, a paraffin cell block from HeLa cells was prepared using the thromboplastin-plasma method, and immunocytochemistry was performed for the evaluation of two proliferation markers, CKAP2 and Ki-67. The nuclei and cytoplasmic morphology of the HeLa cells were well preserved in the cell-block slides. At the same time, the CKAP2 and Ki-67 staining patterns in the immunocytochemistry were quite similar to those in immunohistochemical staining in paraffin cancer tissues. With modified cell-culture conditions, including pre-incubation of HeLa cells under serum-free conditions, the effect could be evaluated while preserving architectural information. In conclusion, immunocytochemistry on paraffin-embedded cell blocks is an excellent alternative to immunofluorescent staining.

Cytologic examination of body fluids commonly involves the use of direct or sediment smears, cytocentrifuge preparations, membrane filter preparations, or cell block sections. Cytospin and cell block techniques are extremely useful in improving cell yield of thin serous effusions and urine samples, and ensure high diagnostic efficacy.

We studied cytospin preparations and cell block sections prepared from 180 samples of body fluids and urine samples to compare the relative efficiency of cell retrieval, preservation of cell morphology, ease of application of special stains, and diagnostic efficacy. Samples were collected and processed to prepare cytospin smears and cell block sections.

We observed that overall, cell yield and preservation of individual cell morphology were better in cytospin preparations as compared to cell blocks, while preservation of architectural pattern was better in cell block sections. The number of suspicious cases also decreased on cell block sections, with increased detection of malignancy. It was difficult to prepare cell blocks from urine samples due to low cellularity.

Cytospin technology is a quick, efficient, and cost-effective method of increasing cell yield in hypocellular samples, with better preservation of cell morphology. Cell blocks are better prepared from high cellularity fluids; however, tissue architecture is better studied, with improved rate of diagnosis and decrease in ambiguous results. Numerous sections can be prepared from a small amount of material. Special stains and immunochemical stains can be easily applied to cell blocks. It also provides a source of archival material.

• Body fluids
• cell block
• cytospin
• urine sample

• endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine-needle aspiration
• lung cancer
• sarcoidosis
• tissue acquisition

背景与目的  恶性胸腔积液(malignant pleural effusion, MPE)是由原发于胸膜的恶性肿瘤或者是转移至胸膜的恶性肿瘤造成的胸腔积液。对于不明原因的单侧胸腔积液, 首要任务是排除或者是确诊恶性胸腔积液。胸腔积液沉淀物是将送检胸腔积液细胞学剩余的胸腔积液进行离心或者是自然静置所获得的细胞块。此技术具有操作简单、有创性小、重复性高、对恶性胸腔积液的诊断率相对较高等特点, 在恶性胸腔积液的诊断、治疗等方面起着重要的作用。本文主要从沉淀物的制作方法、免疫组织化学染色检查的鉴别诊断价值、沉淀物的诊断优势及沉淀物行基因检测的临床应用价值等方面来论述胸腔积液沉淀物对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值。

• FISH
• body cavity fluids
• effusions
• immunostaining
• molecular
• processing
• storage
• techniques

In the present review we have analyzed the clinical applications of endoscopic ultrasound-guided-fine-needle-aspiration (EUS-FNA) and the methodological aspects obtained by cell-block procedure (CBP) in the diagnostic approach to the gastrointestinal neoplastic pathology. CBP showed numerous advantages in comparison to the cytologic routine smears; in particular, better preservation of cell architecture, achievement of routine haematoxylin-eosin staining equivalent to histological slides and possibility to perform immunohistochemistry or molecular analyses represented the most evident reasons to choose this method. Moreover, by this approach, the differential diagnosis of solid gastrointestinal neoplasias may be more easily achieved and the background of contaminant non-neoplastic gastrointestinal avoided. Finally, biological samples collected by EUS-FNA CBP-assisted should be investigated in order to identify and quantify further potential molecular markers.

• Endoscopic ultrasound-guided-fine-needle-aspiration
• Cell-block procedure
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Immunohistochemistry
• Diagnosis

• CellientTM
• automated cell block
• cell block
• cytology
• immunocytochemistry
• serous effusion

• cell block
• cytological techniques
• cytopathology
• diagnostic utility
• immunocytochemistry
• molecular diagnosis

• Cell block
• cytopathology
• fine-needle aspiration
• lung cancer
• molecular testing
• personalized medicine

• P30 CA015083 NCI NIH HHS

• Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
• Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
• Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
• Breast Neoplasms/genetics
• Breast Neoplasms/pathology
• Breast Neoplasms/ultrastructure
• Cell Cycle/physiology
• Cell Growth Processes/physiology
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Chromatin/chemistry
• Cytoskeletal Proteins/analysis
• Cytoskeletal Proteins/chemistry
• Cytoskeletal Proteins/immunology
• Humans
• Immunohistochemistry/methods
• Mitosis/physiology
• Staining and Labeling/methods