Annexin A2 as a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients

Table 1 Descriptive statistical data of the various parameters in the three studied groups¹

Parameter	HCC (n = 50)	CLD (n = 25)	Control (n = 15)
ALT (U/L)	43 (31-72.5)2	31 (22.5-41)2	25 (17-29)2
AST (U/L)	60 (42.25-97.25)2	45 (41-61.5)2	26 (21-35)2
PT (s)	13.8 ± 1.53	16 ± 3.37	12 ± 0.1
Alb (g/dL)	3.25 ± 0.53	2.75 ± 0.65	3.8 ± 0.28
T.Bil (mg/dL)	1.33 (1-2.2)2	2 (1.15-2.9)2	0.8 (0.6-0.9)2
D.Bil (mg/dL)	0.55 (0.29-0.9)2	0.6 (0.4-1.3)2	0.1 (0.1-0.2)2
AFP (ng/mL)	41.5 (8.4-191.25)2	8.5 (4.1-12.5)2	3.1 (2.3-4.6)2
ANXA2 (ng/mL)	130 (15-240)2	15 (15-17)2	17 (15-30)2

¹Values are given as the mean ± SD;

²Values are given as the median (IQR). HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; CLD: Chronic liver disease; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; PT: Prothrombin time; INR: International normalized ratio; Alb: Albumin; T.Bil: Total bilirubin; D.Bil: Direct bilirubin; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ANXA2: Annexin A2; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Comparison of the different studied groups with regard to alpha-fetoprotein and annexin A2¹

Parameter	HCC vs control		CLD vs control		HCC vs CLD
	Z value	P value	Z value	P value	Z value	P value
AFP (ng/mL)	-5.006	< 0.012	-3.4	< 0.012	-4.17	< 0.012
ANXA2 (ng/mL)	-3.5	< 0.012	-1.6	> 0.05	-4.8	< 0.012

¹Wilcoxon Rank Sum test (non-parametric data);

²Statistically significant difference. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ANXA2: Annexin A2; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; CLD: Chronic liver disease.

Table 3 Diagnostic performance of serum alpha-fetoprotein and annexin A2 in the discrimination of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from those with chronic liver disease

Variable	Cut-off	Sn (%)	Sp (%)	NPV (%)	PPV (%)	Efficacy
AFP (ng/mL)	19.8	70	96	61.5	97.2	78.7
ANXA2 (ng/mL)	18	74	88	62.9	92.5	78.7

AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ANXA2: Annexin A2; Sn: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; NPV: Negative predictive value; PPV: Positive predictive value.