Hydatid cyst of the gallbaldder: A systematic review of the literature

Table 1 Clinical data

Ref.	Sex	Age	Abdominal pain	Nausea and vomiting	Fever	Jaundice	Abdominal exploration	Past medical history
Noomene et al[3], 2013	Male	48	Diffuse		No (36.7 ºC)	Yes	Painful palpation in right hypocondrium
Ertem et al[4], 2012	Male	32	Right hyponcondrium and epigastrium	Nausea	No	No	Painful palpation in right hypocondrium
Krasniqi et al[5], 2010	Female	39	Right hypocondrium (18 mo)	Nausea		No	Painful palpation in right hypocondrium
Murtaza et al[6], 2008	Female	32	Right hyponcondrium and epigastrium (3 mo)		No	No	Hepatomegaly	Liver hydatid surgery 8 yr ago
Sabat et al[7], 2008	Female	35	Right hyponcondrium and epigastrium		Yes	Yes
Wani et al[8], 2005	Female	51	Right hyponcondrium
Pitiakoudis et al[9], 2006	Male	60	Right hyponcondrium (10 d)	Vomiting	Yes (38 ºC-39.5 ºC)		Abdominal distension
Safioleas et al[10], 2004	Female	65	Right hyponcondrium and epigastrium	Vomiting
Safioleas et al[10], 2004	Female	51	Right hyponcondrium (6 mo)
Safioleas et al[10], 2004	Male	63	Right hyponcondrium and epigastrium				Normal
Kumar et al[11], 2004	Female	27	Diffuse					Relapsed liver hydatid cyst
Raza et al[12], 2003	Male	27	Right hyponcondrium (4 mo)		No	No	Hepatomegaly
Kapoor et al[13], 2000	Male	53	Right hyponcondrium (2 mo)		Yes (high fever, 10 d)	Yes	Abdominal distension, ascitis, gallbladder mass
Cangiotti et al[14], 1994	Male
Rigas et al[15], 1979	Female	65	Right hyponcondrium	Vomiting		No	Normal
Barón Urbano et al[16], 1978	-	76	Right hyponcondrium			Sí	Hepatomegaly, rubi spots in thorax and abdomen	Hepatitis

Table 2 Radiological and analitical studies

Ref.	Alakaline phosphatase (UI/L)	Bilirrubin (mg/dL)	Ultrasound	CT	MRI	Cysts inside gallbladder	Cholelithiasis	Choledocolitihasis	Serology E. granulosus
Noomene et al[3], 2013	220	7.1	Yes	Yes	Cholangio MRI			Yes	Positive
Ertem et al[4], 2012			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Negative
Krasniqi et al[5], 2010			Yes	Yes				No
Murtaza et al[6], 2008	140	10.2	Yes
Sabat et al[7], 2008			Yes	Yes
Wani et al[8], 2005			Yes	Yes			Yes
Pitiakoudis et al[9], 2006		0.9	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Safioleas et al[10], 2004							Dude	Dude
Safioleas et al[10], 2004			Yes
Safioleas et al[10], 2004				Yes		Yes			Positive
Kumar et al[11], 2004				Yes		Yes
Raza et al[12], 2003			Yes				Yes
Kapoor et al[13], 2000	465	5.6	Yes			Yes			Positive
Cangiotti et al[14], 1994
Rigas et al[15], 1979				Yes				No
Barón Urbano et al[16], 1978	266	8.8

CT: Computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; E. granulosus: Echinococcus granulosus.

Table 3 Therapeutical strategies

Ref.	Preoperative albendazole	Treatment	Liver hydatidosis	Intraoperative treatment cyst	Intraoperative findings
Noomene et al[3], 2013	No	ERCP + Stent Laparoscopy cholecystectomy	No	No	Biliary sludge and stones in ampulla seen in ERCP
Ertem et al[4], 2012	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	No	No	Galbladder cyst with inflammatory changes
Krasniqi et al[5], 2010	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	Yes Cystopericystectomy	No	Calcified primary gallbladder cyst
Murtaza et al[6], 2008	Yes (2 wk)	Subtotal Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	No	Yes	Biliary communication into the cyst closed with sutures
Sabat et al[7], 2008	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	No	Yes (aspiration + hypertonic solution cleaning)	-
Wani et al[8], 2005	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	No	No	-
Pitiakoudis et al[9], 2006	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	No	Yes	-
Safioleas et al[10], 2004	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	No	No	5 cm × 4 cm cyst
Safioleas et al[10], 2004	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	No	No	3 cm × 4 cm cyst
Safioleas et al[10], 2004	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	No	No	5 cm × 4 cm cyst
Kumar et al[11], 2004	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	Yes Cysts segment IV and VIII. Cystopericystectomy segment IV + PAIR segment VII	Yes (aspiration + hypertonic solution cleaning) segment VII cyst	Cyst invading segment IV. Communication between cyst and galbladder
Raza et al[12], 2003	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	Yes Right Lobe Enucleation	No	In gallbladder: Stones and daughter vesicles
Kapoor et al[13], 2000	No	NO. ERCP + Stent	No	No	-
Cangiotti et al[14], 1994	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	SI. Right lobe. Cystoperycystectomy	No	-
Rigas et al[15], 1979	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	No	No	-
Barón Urbano et al[16], 1978	No	Cholecystectomy by laparotomy	Yes Segment IV. Done by thoracotomy	-	Enlarged liver. Cholangitis. Daughter vesicles in cystic conduct lumen

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Table 4 Pathology, postoperative course and follow-up

Ref.	Pathologic study	Stay	Postoperative treatment	Morbidity	Follow-up
Noomene et al[3], 2013	Cysts in gallbladder. Chronic inflammation	1	Albendazole 400 mg/d	No
Ertem et al[4], 2012	Cyst in gallbladder	4		No	6 mo
Krasniqi et al[5], 2010	Calcified cyst 7 cm × 5 cm located in gallbladder mucosa	7	Albendazole 400 mg/d, 42 d	No	5 yr
Murtaza et al[6], 2008				No	2 mo
Sabat et al[7], 2008			Albendazole 10 mg/kg, 9 mo	No
Wani et al[8], 2005
Pitiakoudis et al[9], 2006	Echinococcus in gallbladder	12	Albendazole 800 mg/d, 4 mo	No	2 yr
Safioleas et al[10], 2004	Echinococcus in gallbladder			No	10 yr
Safioleas et al[10], 2004	Cyst with wall of 5 mm. Daughter vesicles	7		No	6 yr
Safioleas et al[10], 2004	Calcified cyst with daughter vesicles	10	Albendazole 2 mo	Yes: Fever, atelectasis and pleural effusion	4 yr
Kumar et al[11], 2004			Albendazole	No	1 yr
Raza et al[12], 2003			Albendazole 10 mg/kg per day	No	1 mo
Kapoor et al[13], 2000	Postmortem: Cholangitis, chronic liver obstruction			Yes: Sepsis, Multiorganic failure. Death
Cangiotti et al[14], 1994
Rigas et al[15], 1979	Cyst 5 cm × 4 cm with membranes. Echinococcus in gallbladder	9		No
Barón et al[16], 1978