Hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy: Appropriate risk stratification

Table 1 Immunosuppressive regimens known to increase risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation

HBsAg-positive	HBsAg-negative
	Anti-HBc positive
Corticosteroids	Anti-CD20 (e.g., rituximab)
Anti-CD20 (e.g., rituximab)	HSCT
HSCT	Anti-TNF
Anti-TNF	TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma
Anthracyclines	Methotrexate
TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma
Methotrexate
Ustekinumab
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; Anti-HBc: Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen; Anti-CD20: Antibody against CD20; Anti-TNF: Antibody against tumor necrosis factor; TACE: Transarterial chemo-embolization; HSCT: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Table 2 Rates of hepatitis B virus reactivation during rituximab-containing chemotherapy in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen positive individuals as described by various studies

Study region	Study nature	No. of patients	HBV reactivation rate	Definition of HBV reactivation
Hong Kong[17]	Retrospective	23	23.8%	HBsAg seroreversion
Japan[27]	Retrospective	56	8.9%	HBsAg seroreversion
Asia-Pacific[28]	Retrospective	178	9.6%	HBsAg seroreversion
Taiwan[29]	Prospective	150	11.3%-18.9%	Multiple virologic endpoints
Hong Kong[16]	Prospective	63	41.5%	Detectable HBV DNA

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.