Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis-perspectives from a therapeutic endoscopist

Table 1 Screening for cholangiocarcinoma: Performance characteristics of different tests

	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV	NPV
CA19-9[38]	79	98	56	99
Ultrasound[39]	57	94	48	95
CT[39]	75	80	38	95
MRI[39]	63	79	40	91
Bile duct brushings[40]	43	97	78	87
FISH[47]	68	70	-	-
FISH polysomy[47]	51	93	-	-
pCLE[54]	100	61	22	100
Cholangioscopy[56]	92	93	79	97
IDUS[55]	87	90	70	96

CA19-9: Cancer antigen 19-9; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; FISH: Fluorescence in situ hybridization; pCLE: Probe based confocal laser endomicroscopy; IDUS: Intraductal ultrasound; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.