Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Hepatol. Sep 18, 2015; 7(20): 2292-2302
Published online Sep 18, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i20.2292
Table 1 Prediction formula and discriminating factors for hepatic cirrhosis
YearRef.Formula
2000Ikeda et al[14]Z = (0.124) × [γ globulin (%)] + (0.001) × hyaluronic acid (ng/mL) + (0.075) × platelet count (104/μL) + (-0.413) × gender (male = 1, female = 2) + (-2.005)
The condition is hepatic cirrhosis when Z is positive, and chronic hepatitis when Z is negative
2007Koda et al[15]Fibroindex = (1.738) + (-0.064) × platelet count (104/μL) + (0.005) × AST (IU/L) + (0.463) × [γ globulin (g/dL)]
The fibroindex value corresponds to fibrosis stage
2003Wai et al[16]APRI = 100 × [AST level/(upper limit of normal AST)/platelet count (× 109/L)]
2006Sterling et al[17]FIB-4 = [age × AST (U/L)]/[platelet count (× 109/L) × ALT (U/L)1/2]
Table 2 Definitions of the cancer of the liver Italian program score[27]
VariableScore
012
Child-Pugh stageABC
Tumor morphologyUninodular and extension ≤ 50%Multinodular and extension ≤ 50%Massive or extension > 50%
AFP (ng/mL)< 400≥ 400
Portal vein thrombosisNoYes
Table 3 Definitions of the Japan integrated staging score[28]
Variable0123
Child-Pugh stageABC
TNM stage1IIIIIIIV
Table 4 Reports on liver resection and splenectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by hepatic cirrhosis accompanied by hypersplenism
YearRef.Simultaneous splenectomy, 2-stage (No. of patients)Platelet count (×104/μL)Child-Pugh (A/B/C)MortalityMorbiditySurvival rateEffect
1989Takayama et al[38]Simultaneous (12), 2-stage (8)4.6NNNNExpansion of indication of liver resection
1999Lin et al[94]Simultaneous (11)5.2 ± 1.55/6/09.1%27.3%5 yr recurrence-free 66.7%Improvement of serum bilirubin level
2000Sugawara et al[49]Simultaneous (35), 2-stage (13)4.7 ± 0.3N047.93/5 yr survival rate: 72.3%/38.9%Improvement of safety
2000Shimada et al[95]2-stage (6)5.2 ± 1.51/4/1017NImprovement of platelet count, albumin level, and Child classification
2003Oh et al[96]Simultaneous (12), no sp (6)5.5 ± 1.510/8/011.166.7NExpansion of indication of liver resection
2004Wu et al[97]Simultaneous (41), no sp (485)3.8 ± 2.1419/85/231.520.5NImprovement of recurrence-free survival rate
2005Chen et al[98]Simultaneous (94), no sp (110)6.2125/79/0N15.25 yr survival 56%, recurrence-free survival 35%Improvement of recurrence-free survival rate
2008Sugimachi et al[99]Simultaneous (4), no sp (11)4.2 ± 0.89/6/06.747N3-yr survival rate equivalent to that after conventional liver resection
2015Zhang et al[100]Simultaneous (84), no sp (84)6.1 ± 4.284/0/0039.31/3/5 yr survival: 90%/78%/66%Improvement of recurrence-free survival rate
Table 5 General rules for recording endoscopic findings of esophagogastric varices[50]
CategoryCode subcategory
Location (L)Ls: Locus superior
Lm: Locus medialis
Li: Locus inferior
Lg-c: Adjacent to the cardiac orifice
Lg-cf: Extension from the cardiac orifice to the fornix
Lg-f: Isolated in the fornix
Lg-b: Located in the gastric body
Lg-a: Located in the gastric antrum
Form (F)F0: No varicose appearance
F1: Straight, small-caliber varices
F2: Moderately enlarged, beady varices
F3: Markedly enlarged, nodular or tumor-shaped varices
Color (C)Cw: White varices
Cb: Blue varices
Cw-Th: Thrombosed white varices
Cb-Th: Thrombosed blue varices
Red color signs (RC)RWM: Red wale markings
CRS: Cherry red spots
HCS: Hematocystic spots
Esophageal varices: RC0, RC1, RC2, RC3
Gastric varices: RC0, RC1
Te: Telangiectasia
Bleeding signsGushing bleeding
Spurting bleeding
Oozing bleeding
Red plug
White plug
Mucosal findingsE: Erosion
Ul: Ulcer
S: Scar
Table 6 McCormack classification for the presence of portal hypertension and portal hypertensive gastropathy[52]
Mild gastropathyFine pink speckling
Superficial reddening
Snakeskin (Mosaic-like) appearance
Severe gastropathyCherry-red spots
Diffuse hemorrhagic lesion