Copyright
©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Hepatol. Aug 8, 2015; 7(16): 2041-2052
Published online Aug 8, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i16.2041
Published online Aug 8, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i16.2041
Ref. | n | NAFLD assessment | Design | Parameter studied | Type of activity intervention | Nutrition intervention | Exercise | |||
Frequency | Intensity | Duration | Intervention duration | |||||||
Hallsworth et al[26] | 37 | H-MRS | P | Sedentary and physical activity time | Activity monitor | No | NA | NA | NA | 7 d |
Gerber et al[14] | 1263 | Fatty liver index > 60 | C | Level of physical activity | Activity monitor | No | NA | NA | NA | 7 d |
Oh et al[33] | 18 | US, H-MRS | P | Hepatic steatosis | Acceleration | No | 2 × wk | NA | 20 min | 12 wk |
Kawaguchi et al[32] | 35 | US | P | Hepatic steatosis | Hybrid | Yes | 2 × wk | NA | 20 min | 12 wk |
Kistler et al[34] | 813 | Liver biopsy | R | Physical activity, NAS | None (self-report) | No | NA | Inactive, moderate, vigorous | NA | NA |
Haus et al[36] | 17 | H-MRS | P | IR, intrahepatic TG content | Aerobic | No | Consecutive days | 80%-85% max heart rate | 50-60 min | 7 d |
Promrat et al[38] | 31 | Liver biopsy | RCT | NAS | Aerobic | Yes | Weekly | Moderate | 200 min | 48 wk |
Pugh et al[39] | 13 | US, liver enzymes | RCT | Cutaneous microvascular function | Aerobic | No | 3 × wk | Moderate | 30-45 min | 16 wk |
Pugh et al[40] | 34 | US, liver enzymes | RCT | Microvascular function | Aerobic | No | 3 × wk | Moderate | 30-45 min | 16 wk |
Sullivan et al[27] | 18 | H-MRS | RCT | Intrahepatic TG content, lipid kinetics | Aerobic | No | 5 × wk | Moderate | 30-60 min | 16 wk |
Jin et al[23] | 120 | Liver biopsy | R | Steatosis by histology | Aerobic | Yes | 3 × wk | NA | 20 min | No set length |
Oh et al[28] | 52 | US | P | Hepatic steatosis | Aerobic | Yes | 3 × wk | Max HR > 40% | 90 min | 3 mo |
Sun et al[24] | 1087 | US, liver enzymes | RCT | Metabolic parameters | Aerobic | Yes | NA | NA | NA | 12 mo |
Zelber-Sagi et al[30] | 82 | US | RCT | Hepatic steatosis | Resistance | No | 3 × wk | NA | 40 min | 3 mo |
Hallsworth et al[29] | 21 | H-MRS | RCT | Intrahepatic lipid content | Resistance | No | 3 × wk | NA | 45-50 min | 8 wk |
Bacchi et al[43] | 31 | MRI | RCT | Hepatic steatosis | Resistance and aerobic | No | 3 × wk | Moderate | 60 min | 4 mo |
Eckard et al[21] | 41 | Liver biopsy | P | Histology | Resistance and aerobic | Yes | 4-7 × wk | Moderate | 20-60 min | 6 mo |
Oh et al[35] | 169 | US | RCT | Hepatic steatosis | Aerobic | Yes | Weekly | Vigorous | 150->250 min | 12 wk |
Ref. | Population | Type of activity | Weight loss | Insulin resistance | Inflammation and | Liver | Liver fat | Liver | Conclusions |
intervention | (% Δ) | and lipids | oxidative stress | enzymes | by imaging | histology | |||
Hallsworth et al[26] | NAFLD | Activity monitor | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NAFLD = more sedentary time, less energy expenditure, and greater prevalence of DM than healthy controls |
Gerber et al[14] | NAFLD, NAFLD + DM | Activity monitor | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NAFLD = less PA time than non-NAFLD NAFLD + DM = lowest quartile of average PA as well as moderate-vigorous PA |
Oh et al[33] | NAFLD | Acceleration | -1.9% | NA | ↓ TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, IMCL ↑ adiponectin | Improved | Improved (US) | NA | Acceleration training results in significant improvement in IR, inflammation, liver enzymes, steatosis and quality of life |
Kawaguchi et al[32] | NAFLD | Hybrid | -0.9% | ↓ Insulin HOMA-IR | ↓ IL-6 | Improved | Improved (US) | NA | Hybrid training results in significant improvement in IR, inflammation, liver enzymes and steatosis |
Kistler et al[34] | NASH, NAFLD | None (self-report) | NA | ↓ Insulin and glucose (vigorous PA vs inactive) | No effect | No effect | NA | Vigorous PA = ↓ odds of NASH and fibrosis | Vigorous but not moderate or total exercise is associated with the severity of NAFLD |
Haus et al[36] | NAFLD | Aerobic | 0 | ↓ Glucose HOMA-IR | ↑ Lipid PUI, adiponectin | NA | NA | Improved steatosis | Short-term aerobic exercise favorably alters hepatic lipid composition by increasing polyunsaturated lipids |
Promrat et al[38] | NASH | Aerobic | -9.3% | ↓ Glucose, insulin, HbA1C HOMA-IR (NS) | NA | Improved | NA | Improved NAS. No change in fibrosis | > 7% weight loss resulted in improvement in overall NAS, ballooning, steatosis, inflammation |
Pugh et al[39] | NAFLD | Aerobic | 0 | No effect | No effect | Improved | No effect | NA | Aerobic exercise improves NO-mediated vasodilation in NAFLD |
Pugh et al[40] | NAFLD | Aerobic | 0 | ↓ Glucose | No effect | No effect | No effect | NA | Aerobic exercise improves flow mediated dilation in NAFLD |
Sullivan et al[27] | NAFLD | Aerobic | 0 | No effect | No effect | Improved | Improved (H-MRS) | NA | Aerobic exercise without weight loss results in significant reduction in intrahepatic triglyceride content |
Jin et al[23] | NAFLD | Aerobic | -3.9% | ↓ Total cholesterol | NA | Improved | NA | Improved steatosis | Aerobic exercise results in decreased steatosis among living donors even in the absence of significant weight loss |
Oh et al[28] | NAFLD | Aerobic | -13.3% | ↓ HbA1C HOMA-IR, LDL, TG ↑ insulin, HDL | ↓ TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, hsCRP, ferritin, TBARS ↑ adiponectin | Improved | Improved (US and Fibroscan) | NA | Diet with exercise exceeds diet alone in reducing steatosis, inflammation, insulin resistance |
Sun et al[24] | NAFLD | Aerobic | -11.6% | ↓ HOMA-IR, total cholesterol | No effect | Improved | NA | NA | Aerobic exercise results in decrease in ALT, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome |
Zelber-Sagi et al[30] | NAFLD | Resistance | -0.75% | ↓ Total cholesterol | ↓ Ferritin | No effect | Improved (US) | NA | Resistance exercise results in reduction in steatosis, abdominal adiposity, inflammation, cholesterol |
Hallsworth et al[29] | NAFLD | Resistance | 0 | ↓ HOMA-IR (NS) | ↑ Fat oxidation | No effect | Improved (H-MRS) | NA | Resistance exercise results in a 13% relative reduction in intrahepatic lipids |
Bacchi et al[43] | NAFLD + DM | Resistance vs aerobic | No | ↓ HDL, TG, HbA1c ↑ clamp-measured insulin sensitivity | No effect | No effect | Improved (MRI) | NA | Both resistance and aerobic exercise result in improved steatosis, abdominal, and visceral fat content |
Eckard et al[21] | NAFLD, NASH (88%) | Resistance and aerobic | -1.3%1 | No effect | No effect | Improved | NA | Improved NAS in all groups | Lifestyle modification, even without weight loss, improves NAS |
Oh et al[35] | NAFLD | Aerobic | 10.4%2 | ↓ HOMA-IR, LDL, TG ↑ HDL | ↓ TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, hsCRP, ferritin, TBARS ↑ adiponectin | Improved | Improved (US, fibroscan) | NA | Moderate to vigorous PA (> 250 min weekly) significantly reduces markers of IR, oxidative stress and fatty acid metabolism independent of weight reduction |
- Citation: Whitsett M, VanWagner LB. Physical activity as a treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review. World J Hepatol 2015; 7(16): 2041-2052
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v7/i16/2041.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v7.i16.2041