Genetic ancestry analysis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients from Brazil and Portugal

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of Brazilian and Portuguese study population according to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease status n (%)

	Brazil (n = 131)			Portugal (n = 90)
	NASH	S. Steatosis	P-value	NASH	S. Steatosis	P-value
	86 (65.6)	45 (34.4)		24 (26.7)	66 (73.3)
Gender
Female	61 (70.1)	26 (29.9)	0.2	20 (28.6)	50 (71.4)	0.6
Male	25 (56.8)	19 (43.2)		4 (20.0)	16 (80.0)
Age (yr)	56 ± 1.1	51 ± 1.5	20.006	47 ± 12.4	47 ± 10.2	0.3
Diabetes-2	71 (82.4)	8 (17.6)	23.7 × 10-9	14 (33.3)	28 (66.7)	0.2
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	124.9 ± 5.2	106.0 ± 5.3	20.001	97.3 ± 28.2	92.6 ± 18.4	0.3
HOMA ≥ 2.5 - mean	5.3	4.6	20.04	4.9	4.8	0.5
HOMA ≥ 2.5 - n	75 (70.8)	31 (29.2)	20.02	15 (45.5)	18 (54.5)	0.5
Hypertension	59 (68.2)	14 (31.8)	28.0 × 10-5	12 (20.1)	34 (73.9)	20.003
ALT (IU/L)	38.3 ± 0.6	33 ± 5.2	0.2	31.7 ± 30.6	30.56 ± 15.9	0.7
AST (IU/L)	22 ± 22.5	32.8 ± 3.2	20.009	25.9 ± 24.8	25.06 ± 11.2	0.7
1Dyslipidemia	54 (63.0)	17 (37.0)	20.009	24 (100)	55 (83)	20.03

¹High levels of cholesterol and/or triglyceride;

²Statistically significant results, P < 0.05. NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; S. Steatosis: Simple steatosis; HOMA: Homeostatic Model of Assessment; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.

Table 2 Genetic ancestry contribution in Brazilian and Portugal populations with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

	Brazil			Portugal
	NASH	S. Steatosis	P-value	NASH	S. Steatosis	P-value
African	41.7%	37.7%	0.75	6.4%	6.1%	0.97
Amerindian	9.5%	12.7%		37.8%	39.4%
European	48.8%	49.6%		55.9%	54.5%

NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; S. Steatosis: Simple steatosis.

Table 3 Genetic ancestry influence in risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases in Brazilian and Portuguese study populations

Genetic ancestry contribution
	Brazil				Portugal
	African	Amerindian	European	P-value	African	Amerindian	European	P-value
Diabetes
No	11.7%	39.8%	48.5%	1.00	6.1%	37.5%	56.4%	0.69
Yes	12.1%	39.6%	48.3%		7.2%	31.6%	61.2%
Dyslipidemia
No	11.8%	39.5%	48.6%	0.99	6.0%	37.4%	56.5%	0.90
Yes	11.7%	39.6%	48.7%		6.6%	33.6%	59.8%
Gender
No	11.8%	39.3%	48.9%	0.99	6.2%	37.9%	55.9%	0.97
Yes	11.7%	39.4%	48.9%		6.2%	39.5%	54.3%
HOMA-index
> 2.5	11.7%	39.7%	48.6%	0.94	3.4%	33.9%	62.7%	0.07
< 2.5	10.6%	38.3%	51.1%		7.8%	43.5%	48.7%
Hypertension
No	45.9%	20.4%	21.0%	0.16	4.7%	31.4%	63.9%	0.18
Yes	44.0%	18.7%	37.3%		7.6%	41.2%	51.1%