Original Article
Copyright ©2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Hepatol. Dec 27, 2013; 5(12): 685-691
Published online Dec 27, 2013. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i12.685
Table 1 Demographic and clinical features of 33 patients with hepatorenal syndrome n (%)
Age (yr), (mean ± SD)65.9 ± 9.6
Sex
Male17 (51.5)
Female16 (48.5)
Etiology
HCV23 (69.6)
Alcohol5 (15.2)
Cryptogenic5 (15.2)
Child-Pugh
B18 (54.5)
C15 (45.5)
Esophageal varices
Absent4 (14.3)
F117 (60.7)
F27 (25.0)
Diabetes mellitus13 (39.4)
Hepatocellular carcinoma12 (36.4)
Portal Vein Thrombosis7 (21.2)
HRS
Type-115 (45.5)
Type-218 (54.5)
Table 2 Laboratory features of patients with hepatorenal syndrome at diagnosis
Hemoglobin (g/dL)10.3 ± 2.2
White blood cells (× 103/mmc)8.5 ± 5.7
Platelets (× 103/mmc)104.8 ± 85.2
BUN (mg/dL)145.17 ± 61.82
Creatinine (mg/dL)3.29 ± 1.09
Creatinine clearance19 (8-25.25)
Sodium (mEq/L)130.7 ± 5.5
Potassium (mEq/L)4.94 ± 0.85
Urinary sodium (mEq/L)6.5 (2-14)
Urinary potassium (mEq/L)17.5 (11-29)
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)3.63 (1.63-13.2)
INR1.47 (1.2-1.62)
MELD score26 (22-32)
Table 3 Comparison between type-1 and type-2 hepatorenal syndrome
Type-1 HRS(n = 15)Type-2 HRS(n = 18)P value
Age (yr)63.3 ± 8.568.2 ± 10.20.150
Sex
Male8 (53.3)9 (50.0)0.800
Female7 (46.7)9 (50.0)
Etiology
HCV9 (60.0)14 (77.8)0.500
Alcohol3 (20.0)2 (11.1)
Cryptogenic3 (20.0)2 (11.1)
Child-Pugh
B8 (53.3)10 (55.6)0.900
C7 (46.7)8 (44.4)
Diabetes mellitus5 (33.3)8 (44.4)0.500
Hepatocellular carcinoma6 (40.0)6 (33.3)0.700
Portal vein thrombosis4 (26.7)3 (16.7)0.500
Platelets (× 103/mmc)108.7 ± 96.6101.6 ± 77110.800
BUN (mg/dL)152 ± 73.4139.5 ± 51.70.500
Creatinine (mg/dL)3.95 ± 1.132.75 ± 0.710.001
Creatinine clearance8 (5.2-17)24.5 (15-26)0.030
Sodium (mEq/L)130.8 ± 4.24130.7 ± 6.470.900
Potassium (mEq/L)4.9 ± 0.964.97 ± 0.780.800
Urinary sodium (mEq/L)11 (2.0-17.7)6 (2-11)0.700
Urinary potassium (mEq/L)19 (7.2-38.2)16 (11-27.75)0.900
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)6.37 (1.6-27.1)2.62 (1.3-13.2)0.200
INR1.51 (1.3-2.2)1.29 (1.18-1.6)0.040
MELD score31 (26-33)23 (20-26)0.010
Table 4 Comparison of patients according to 30-d mortality
< 30-d mortality(n = 16)30-d mortality(n = 17)P value
Age (yr)62.9 ± 11.468.7 ± 6.60.080
Sex
Male8 (50.0)9 (52.9)0.800
Female8 (50.0)8 (47.1)
Etiology
HCV10 (62.5)13 (76.5)0.600
Alcohol3 (18.8)2 (11.8)
Cryptogenic3 (18.8)2 (11.8)
Child-Pugh
B5 (31.3)13 (76.5)0.009
C11 (68.8)4 (23.5)
Esophageal varices
Absent2 (14.3)2 (14.3)0.900
F18 (57.1)9 (64.3)
F24 (28.6)3 (21.4)
Diabetes mellitus6 (37.5)7 (41.2)0.800
Hepatocellular carcinoma3 (18.8)9 (52.9)0.040
Portal vein thrombosis2 (12.5)5 (29.4)0.200
Platelets (× 103/mmc)103.4 ± 87.9106.1 ± 85.20.900
BUN (mg/dL)134.8 ± 40.5154.8 ± 76.80.300
Creatinine (mg/dL)3.14 ± 0.83.44 ± 1.320.400
Creatinine clearance26 (20-37)13 (8-24)0.050
Sodium (mEq/L)128.5 ± 4.6132.8 ± 5.50.020
Potassium (mEq/L)4.77 ± 0.875.1 ± 0.820.200
Urinary sodium (mEq/L)11 (7-18)4 (2-13)0.200
Urinary potassium (mEq/L)25 (19-29)15 (10-27)0.200
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)10.8 (3.2-21.2)1.8 (1.5 - 3.6)0.009
INR1.6 (1.3-1.7)1.2 (1.2-1.5)0.560
MELD score31 (26-33)23 (20-26)0.030
HRS
Type-18 (50)7 (41.2)0.600
Type-28 (50)10 (58.8)
Table 5 Risk factors associated with 30-d mortality in patients with hepatorenal syndrome
Variable< 30-d mortalityn (%)30-d mortalityn (%)Crude OR(95%CI)Adjusted OR(95%CI)P value
Age, (yr)
< 657 (43.8)4 (23.5)1-
≥ 659 (56.2)13 (76.5)2.53 (0.57-11.26)
Child-Pugh class
B5 (31.2)13 (76.5)111.98 (0.97-148.23)0.053
C11 (68.8)4 (23.5)7.15 (1.53-33.37)
Sodium
≥ 132 mEq/L3 (18.8)10 (58.8)1
< 132 mEq/L13 (81.2)7 (41.2)6.19 (1.27-30.17)31.39 (1.54-641.83)0.020
Total bilirubin
≤ 3.6 mg/dL4 (25.0)12 (70.6)1
> 3.6 mg/dL12 (75.0)5 (29.4)7.20 (1.55-33.56)0.69 (0.17-28.06)0.800
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Absent
Present13 (81.2)8 (47.1)1
3 (18.8)9 (52.9)4.88 (1.01-23.57)1.37 (0.13-14.91)0.700
MELD score
≤ 274 (25.0)14 (82.4)1
> 2712 (75.0)3 (17.6)14.0 (2.60-75.41)18.72 (1.63-214.56)0.010