Evaluation of adherence to oral antiviral hepatitis B treatment using structured questionnaires

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Socio-demographic	Treatment regimen	Disease condition	Healthcare team
Age	Name of HBV antiviral medication	Duration of HBV infection	Language spoken at the consultation with the doctor
Sex	Dose scheduling instructions	Patient’s perception of their general health	Whether the patient understood their doctor
Highest level of education	Dietary instructions	Patient’s perception of their disease condition	Whether they had received an education session by health professional about their disease condition and their understanding of the importance of medication adherence
Country of birth	Length of treatment	Complications experienced
Ethnicity	Number of prescription pills taken per day	Cirrhosis status
Language spoken at home	Whether patient had skipped taking their medications before
	The last time they had skipped taking their medications
	Reasons for failing to take their medications
	Side effects
	Patient’s perception of the therapeutic benefit of their medication
	Type of medication packaging
	Use of memory aid

Table 2 Socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants and association with adherence to nucleos(t)ide analogues (n = 80) n (%)

Characteristics	Patients	Optimal adherence	P value
Sex			0.28
Male	52 (65)	29 (61.7)
Female	28 (35)	20 (71.4)
Age (yr)			0.27
18-29	6 (7.5)	2 (33.3)
30-39	9 (11.3)	4 (50.0)
40-49	19 (23.8)	14 (77.8)
50-59	27 (33.8)	16 (66.7)
≥ 60	19 (23.8)	13 (77.2)
Country of birth			0.39
Korea	9 (11.5)	4 (57.1)
China	28 (35.9)	16 (59.3)
Hong Kong	11 (14.1)	9 (81.8)
Malaysia	6 (7.7)	3 (60.0)
Singapore	1 (1.3)	1 (100.0)
Vietnam	9 (11.5)	3 (37.5)
Australia	3 (3.8)	3 (100.0)
Indonesia	3 (3.8)	3 (100.0)
Tonga	1 (1.3)	1 (100.0)
India	1 (1.3)	1 (100.0)
Fiji	1 (1.3)	1 (100.0)
Cyprus	1 (1.3)	1 (100.0)
Cambodia	2 (2.5)	2 (100.0)
Taiwan	1 (1.3)	0 (0.00)
Ethnicity			0.60
Anglo-Celt	1 (1.3)	1 (100.0)
Middle East	1 (1.3)	1 (100.0)
Asian	75 (93.8)	44 (63.8)
Pacific	2 (2.5)	2 (100.0)
Other	1 (1.3)	1 (100.0)
Highest level of education completed			0.08
Completed high school	28 (35.4)	22 (81.5)
Completed college/university	46 (58.2)	23 (56.1)
Did not complete high school	2 (2.5)	3 (75.0)
Did not complete college/ university	1 (1.3)	0 (0.00)

Table 3 Treatment and disease related characteristics of the study participants and association with adherence to nucleos(t)ide analogues (n = 80) n (%)

Characteristics	Patients	Optimal adherence	P value
Patients			0.24
Treatment duration > 1 yr	16 (21.1)	8 (53.3)
Treatment duration < 1 yr	60 (78.9)	39 (69.9)
Adherence to other prescription pills			0.04
Suboptimal	11 (45.8)	4 (40.0)
Optimal	13 (54.2)	13 (100.0)
Follow dose scheduling instructions			0.44
Yes	14 (19.4)	7 (53.8)
No	58 (80.6)	36 (65.5)
Side effect			0.25
Yes	11 (13.8)	6 (54.5)
No	66 (82.5)	42 (68.9)
Don’t know	1 (1.3)	0 (0.00)
Believe in the therapeutic benefit of their antiviral medications			0.29
Yes	64 (80)	40 (67.8)
No	2 (2.5)	2 (100.0)
Don’t know	12 (15.0)	6 (50.0)
Patients’ perception of their health			0.32
Excellent	10 (12.5)	8 (80.0)
Very good	23 (28.8)	11 (52.4)
Good	32 (40)	22 (73.3)
Fair	10 (12.5)	6 (66.7)
Poor	3 (3.8)	1 (33.3)
Patients’ perception of their disease condition			0.64
Severe	2 (2.5)	2 (100.0)
Moderate	15 (8.8)	11 (73.3)
Mild	36 (45.0)	21 (61.8)
Don’t know	25 (31.3)	8 (63.6)
Complications			0.48
Yes	4 (5.1)	2 (50.0)
No	74 (94.9)	47 (67.1)
Cirrhosis- patients’ perception			0.68
Yes	7 (9)	5 (83.3)
No	55 (70.5)	34 (65.4)
Don’t know	16 (20.5)	10 (66.7)
Use of memory aids			0.25
Yes	26 (32.5)	15 (57.7)
No	54 (67.5)	34 (70.8)
Patient understands everything the doctor says during the consultation			0.31
Yes	78 (97.5)	47 (65.3)
No	2 (2.5)	2 (100.0)
Difference in language spoken at home and at consultation with doctor			0.04
Same	42 (52.5)	30 (76.9)
Different	38 (47.5)	19 (54.3)