Liver-specific therapies for metastases of neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors

Table 1 Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas

Tumor type (syndrome)	Incidence of PETs (%)	Clinical presentation	Malignancy (%)
Insulinoma	70-80	Weakness, sweating, tachycardia, anxiety, fatigue, headache, dizziness, disorientation, seizures and unconsciousness	< 10
Gastrinoma	20-25	Intractable or recurrent peptic ulcer disease (hemorrhage, perforation), complications of peptic ulcer, diarrhea	50-60
Non-functional tumors	30-50	Obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis, epigastric pain, duodenal obstruction, weight loss, fatigue	60-90
VIPoma	4	Profuse watery diarrhea, hypotension, abdominal pain	80
Glucagonoma	4	Migratory, necrolytic skin rash, glossitis, stomatitis, angular cheilitis, diabetes, severe weight loss, diarrhea	80
Somatostatinoma	< 5	Weight loss, cholelithiasis, diarrhea, neurofibromatosis	50
Carcinoid	< 1	Flushing, sweating, diarrhea, edema, wheezing	90
ACTHoma	< 1	Cushing’s syndrome	> 90
GRFoma	< 1	Acromegaly	30
PTH-like-oma	< 1	Hypercalcemia, bone pain	> 90
Neurotensinoma	< 1	Hypotension, tachycardia, malabsorption	> 80

PETs: pancreatic endocrine tumors.