Seroprevalence of HCV and its co-infection with HBV and HIV among liver disease patients of South Tamil Nadu

Table 1 Incidence of blood borne viral infection (HCV, HBV, HDV and HIV) among liver disease patients n(%)

Category	Total number tested	Gender		HCV, HBV, HDV and HIV positive
		Male	Female	HCV	HBV	HDV	HIV
Liver disease	512	281	231	29 (5.6)	49 (9.5)	12 (2.3)	27 (5.2)
Control	500	250	250	-	7 (1.4)	-	-
Total	1012	531	481	29	56	12	27

Table 2 Incidence of blood borne viral infection and co-infection among liver disease patients

Category	Clinical condition	Gender						Total
		Male			Female
		Virus positive	Virus negative	Total	Virus positive	Virus negative	Total
Liver disease	Acute liver disease	22	55	77	12	38	50	127
	Chronic liver disease	45	34	79	26	51	77	156
	Cirrhosis	14	31	45	7	33	40	85
	Others	16	64	80	2	62	64	144
	Total	97	184	281	47	184	231	512
Control	Without any signs or symptoms	4	246	250	3	247	250	500
Total		101	430	531	50	431	481	1012

χ² = 12.598 for df = 1, P < 0.01 for gender vs viral infection. χ² = 41.33 for df = 3, P < 0.01 for clinical condition vs viral infection.

Table 3 Clinical condition vs blood-borne viral infection

Clinical condition	Different viral infection positive									Total virus negative	Total number tested
	HCV	HBV	HIV	HDV	HCV and HBV	HCV and HIV	HBV and HIV	HCV, HBV and HIV	Total virus positive
Acute liver disease	-	19	10	4	-	-	2	-	35	92	127
Chronic liver disease except cirrhosis	13	11	17	8	6	6	6	4	71	85	156
Cirrhosis	12	5	-	-	2	-	1	-	20	65	85
Others	4	14	-	-	-	-	-	-	18	126	144
Total	29	49	27	12	8	6	9	4	144	368	512

χ² = 41.631 for df = 3, P < 0.01. χ² is calculated for clinical condition against total viral infection.

Table 4 Different viral infection vs age groups

Viral infection	Age group in years						Total
	11-20	21-30	31-40	41-50	51-60	61 and above
HCV	2	6	7	7	4	3	29
HBV	5	19	6	10	7	2	49
HIV	-	5	4	8	7	3	27
HDV	-	1	5	6	-	-	12
HCV and HBV	1	2	1	1	2	1	8
HCV and HIV	1	1	2	1	-	1	6
HBV and HIV	1	1	4	2	-	1	9
HCV, HBV and HIV	1	-	1	1	-	1	4
All virus positive	11	35	30	36	20	12	144
All virus negative	42	83	82	94	51	16	369
Total	53	118	112	130	71	28	512

χ² = 4.689 for df = 5, P > 0.05, χ² is calculated for age against total viral infection.

Table 5 Different viral infection vs sex

Viral infection	Gender		P value
	Male	Female
HCV positive	18	11	0.423
HCV negative	263	220
HBV positive	41	8	0
HBV negative	240	223
HIV positive	14	13	0.745
HIV negative	267	218
HDV positive	8	4	0.406
HDV negative	273	227
HCV and HBV positive	5	3	0.663
HCV and HBV negative	276	228
HCV and HIV positive	3	3	0.809
HCV and HIV negative	278	228
HBV and HIV positive	6	3	0.474
HBV and HIV negative	275	228
HCV, HBV and HIV positive	2	2	0.844
HCV, HBV and HIV negative	279	229

χ² is calculated for gender vs different category of viral infections; P < 0.05 is significant, while P > 0.05 is insignificant.

Table 6 Clinical condition vs different viral infection vs sex

Sex	Clinical condition	Different viral infection positive								Total positive	Total negative
		HCV	HBV	HIV	HDV	HCV and HBV	HCV and HIV	HBV and HIV	HCV, HBV and HIV
Male	Acute liver disease	-	14	5	3	-	-	-	-	22	55
	Chronic liver disease except cirrhosis	8	9	9	5	4	3	5	2	45	34
	Cirrhosis	7	5	-	-	1	-	1	-	14	31
	Others	3	13	-	-	-	-	-	-	16	64
	Total	18	41	14	8	5	3	6	2	97	184
Female	Acute liver disease	-	4	5	1	-	-	2	-	12	38
	Chronic liver disease except cirrhosis	5	2	8	3	2	3	1	2	26	51
	Cirrhosis	5	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	7	33
	Others	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	62
	Total	11	8	13	4	3	3	3	2	47	184
Total		29	49	27	12	8	6	9	4	144	368
P value		0.211	0	0.853	0.256	0.484	1	0.323	1	-	-

χ² is calculated for gender vs different viral infections positive cases; P < 0.05 is significant, while P > 0.05 is insignificant.

Table 7 Liver function test in HCV infected and co-infected patients (mean ± SD, n = 29)

Category	Liver function test
	Bilirubin (mg%)			SAP (KA units)	ALT (IU/L)	AST (IU/L)	GGT (IU/L)	Albumin (gms%)
	Total	Direct	Indirect
Control	0.5340 ± 0.219	0.210 ± 0.055	0.386 ± 0.015	73.227 ± 21.622	37.76 ± 9.35	24.77 ± 07.65	69.70 ± 11.03	2.78 ± 0.219
HCV positive patients	3.461 ± 0.874	0.643 ± 0.1736	0.936 ± 0.016	144.630 ± 12.976	42.1 ± 8.3	49.00 ± 10.1	98.446 ± 09.57	3.87 ± 0.24
P value	0	0	0	0.005	0	0	0	0
HCV and HBV coinfected patients	3.70 ± 0.96	1.59 ± 0.06	1.641 ± 0.052	140.887 ± 10.922	58.0 ± 03.16	40.412 ± 02.008	99.362 ± 06.150	3.14 ± 0.66
P value	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
HCV and HIV coinfected patients	2.920 ± 1.032	1.975 ± 0.941	1.997 ± 0.078	134.53 ± 10.651	56.78 ± 4.401	39.65 ± 2.24	97.60 ± 5.94	3.12 ± 0.97
P value	0	0.001	0.001	0	0.001	0.001	0	0
HCV, HBV and HIV coinfected patients	3.295 ± 1.424	3.202 ± 0.488	0.265 ± 0.052	141 ± 17.301	64.37 ± 4.01	42.87 ± 2.84	99.95 ± 03.039	3.14 ± 0.02
P value	0.009	0	0	0	0.005	0.006	0.003	0.004

HCV positive patients: P values are based on students t test; P < 0.05 significant.