Poria in Fuling Zexie decoction for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Underlying mechanisms and key bioactive substances

doi:10.4254/wjh.121954

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Hepatol. Jul 27, 2026; 18(7): 121954
Published online Jul 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.121954

Table 1 The pathway regulated by Fuling Zexie decoction/Fuling Zexie decoction without Poria

No	Pathway name	Match status	Compound
1	Biotin metabolism¹	1/10	FZD
2	Riboflavin metabolism	1/4	FZD/ZD
3	Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism¹	1/9	FZD
4	Starch and sucrose metabolism	1/18	FZD/ZD
5	Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism¹	1/28	FZD
6	Inositol phosphate metabolism¹	2/30	FZD
7	Galactose metabolism¹	2/27	FZD
8	Primary bile acid biosynthesis	2/39	FZD/ZD
9	Pyrimidine metabolism	2/32	FZD/ZD
10	Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism	2/30	FZD/ZD
11	Lysine degradation	2/30	FZD/ZD
12	Arginine and proline metabolism	2/36	FZD/ZD
13	Neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis	1/20	FZD/ZD
14	Arginine biosynthesis	1/14	ZD
15	Porphyrin metabolism	1/36	ZD
16	Arachidonic acid metabolism	2/44	ZD

¹The pathways exclusively-regulated by Fuling Zexie decoction.

FZD: Fuling Zexie decoction; ZD: Fuling Zexie decoction without Poria.

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Table 2 Fuling Zexie decoction/Fuling Zexie decoction without Poria/Fuling Zexie decoction supplemented with Poria dregs-derived components in serum of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease rats

No.	t_R (minutes)	[M+H]⁺/[M+Na]⁺ (m/z)	ESI-MSn(+) [m/z (abundance)]	[M-H]^-, (m/z)	ESI-MSn(-) [m/z (abundance)]	Predicted formula	Predicted (m/z)	Meas (m/z)	Difference (ppm)	Assigned identification	Source	HFZD	HZD	HFFZD
1	7.622	453.3365	435.3339, 339.2764			C₃₀H₄₄O₃	453.3363	453.3365	0.44	Dehydrotrametenonlic acid	PR	+	-	+
2	26.574	469.3311	349.7395, 174.9792			C₃₀H₄₄O₄	469.3311	469.3312	0.21	glabriolactone	GR	+	-	+
3	24.157	499.3466	425.1423, 327.0222			C₃₁H₄₆O₅	499.3418	499.3466	9.61	Poricoic acid A	PR	+	-	+
4	26.678			469.3323	407.2804	C₃₀H₄₆O₄	469.3323	469.3323	0	16α-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid	PR	+	-	+
5	26.640	527.3782	509.3213, 449.8736, 353.0937, 393.1475			C₃₃H₅₀O₅	527.3731	527.3782	9.67	Dehydropachymic acid	PR	+	-	+
6	7.351			487.3470	453.3328, 435.3235, 381.2900	C₃₀H₄₈O₅	487.3429	487.3470	8.41	Alisol F	AR	+	+	+
7	26.464			627.3900	567.2529, 483.0927, 479.1345	C₃₇H₅₆O₈	627.3902	627.3900	-0.32	3−epi−(3′−hydroxyl−3′−methylglutaryloxyl)−dehydrotumulosic acid	PR	+	-	-
8	17.095	525.3550	310.0712			C₃₃H₄₈O₅	525.3575	525.3550	-4.76	16α-acetoxypolyporenic acid C	PR	+	-	+
9	7.285	475.3746	457.3129			C₃₀H₅₀O₄	475.3782	475.3746	-7.58	11-deoxyalisol A	AR	+	+	+
10	7.392	609.3092	353.0858			C₃₂H₄₈O₉S	609.3092	609.3092	0	Alisol-23acetate-11-o-sul	AR	+	+	+
11	8.474			255.0663	135.0869, 119.0558	C₁₅H₁₂O₄	255.0663	255.0663	0	Liquiritigenin	GR	+	+	+
12	27.213			469.3323	451.5547, 187.9521	C₃₀H₄₆O₄	471.3469	471.3474	1.06	Glycyrrhetinic acid	GR	+	+	+
13	5.754	433.1130	257.0802, 239.0708, 137.0234			C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀	433.1129	433.1134	1.15	vitexin	GR	+	+	+
14	9.438			417.1191	255.0645, 135.0453, 119.0500	C₂₁H₂₂O₉	417.1191	417.1191	0	liquiritin	GR	+	+	+
15	14.050	355.1177 [M+Na]+	299.0539			C₁₈H₂₀O₆	355.1176	355.1177	0.28	licoflavonol	GR	+	+	+
16	15.597	353.1019	311.0551, 255.2080			C₂₀H₁₆O₆	353.1020	353.1019	0.28	Licorice isoflavone B	GR	+	+	+
17	6.021	393.2098	337.2133			C₂₅H₂₈O₄	393.2060	393.2098	9.67	Glabrol	GR	+	+	+
18	13.778			407.1824	309.2223, 203.1442	C₂₅H₂₈O₅	407.1846	407.1824	-5.40	6, 8-isoprene naringenin	GR	+	+	+
19	12.997	347.2216	177.0909, 137.0964			C₂₁H₃₀O₄	347.2217	347.2216	-0.29	1-Dehydro-[10]-gingerdione	ZR	+	+	+
20	12.262	393.2623	357.2356, 179.0707, 163.0622, 153.1278			C₂₃H₃₆O₅	393.2636	393.2623	-3.30	Acetoxy-10-gingerol	ZR	+	+	+
21	5.700	249.1481	179.0524, 137.0505			C₁₅H₂₀O₃	249.1485	249.1481	-1.61	4-Shogaol	ZR	+	-	+
22	36.479			349.2360		C₂₁H₃₄O₄	349.2384	349.2360	-6.87	(10)-Gingerol	ZR	+	-	+
23	7.978	357.1667	301.2139, 221.1555			C₂₁H₂₄O₅	357.1697	357.1667		Gingerenone A	ZR	+	+	+
24	4.730			147.0452	132.0899, 102.9460	C₉H₈O₂	147.0452	149.0452		Cinnamic acid	CR	+	+	+
25	4.355			167.0352	167.0228, 123.0091	C₈H₈O₄	167.035	167.0352		Vanillic acid	CR	+	+	+
26	12.439	133.0648	115.0531, 105.0704			C₉H₈O	133.0648	133.0648		Cinnamaldehyde	CR	+	+	+
27	6.503	135.0804	117.0702			C₉H₁₀O	135.0804	135.0804		cinnamyl alcohol	CR	+	+	+
28	12.439	161.0598	143.0731, 146.0357			C₁₀H₈O₂	161.0597	161.0598		6-methylcoumarin	CR	+	+	+
29	2.168	165.0546	147.0580, 119.2572			C₉H₈O₃	165.0546	165.0546		Hydroxycinnamic acid	CR	+	+	+
30	1.517	227.1074	209.9436, 181.0748, 125.1080			C₁₅H₁₄O₂	227.1067	227.1074		Phenethyl benzoate	CR	+	+	+
31	13.749	429.1731	295.2434, 163.1116			C₂₀H₂₈O₁₀	429.1755	429.1731		Cinnamylalcohol-6’-o-α-furanara-binose-O-β-glucopyranoside	CR	+	+	+
32	5.700	249.1481	214.0802			C₁₅H₂₀O₃	249.1485	249.1481		Leucocarcinolide III	AMR	+	-	+
33	10.027			161.0242	133.5619, 105.0430	C₉H₆O₃	163.039	163.0393		7-hydroxycoumarin	AMR	+	+	+
34	1.179	191.1077	107.0470			C₁₂H₁₄O₂	191.1067	191.1077		Ligustilide	AMR	+	+	+
35	4.362	118.0862	118.0634			C₅H₁₁NO₂	118.0863	118.0862		Betaine	AMR	+	+	+
36	3.666	355.1008	163.1118, 145.1012			C₁₆H₁₈O₉	355.1029	355.1008		Chlorogenic acid	AMR	+	+	+
37	20.095			281.1394	281.2495, 263.2373	C₁₅H₂₂O₅	281.1394	281.1394		4,6-dihydroxy-3,3a-dihydroatractylenolide III	AMR	+	+	+
38	17.244	415.3201	157.0638, 129.1023, 105.0374			C₂₇H₄₂O₃	415.3207	415.3201		Diosgenin	AMR	+	+	+
39	19.881			431.2206	269.0800, 152.9978	C₂₁H₃₆O₉	431.2287	431.2206		Dictamnoside A	AMR	+	+	+

t_R: Retention time; PR: Poria; GR: Glycyrrhizae Radix; AR: Alismatis Rhizoma; ZR: Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens CR: Cinnamomi Ramulus; AMR: Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma; HFZD: High-dose Fuling Zexie decoction; HZD: High-dose Fuling Zexie decoction without Poria; HFFZD: High-dose Fuling Zexie decoction supplemented with Poria dregs.

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Table 3 Docking information between key components and core targets

No.	Target	Component	Binding energy (kcal/mol)
1	HAO1	Dehydrotrametenonic acid	-19.8
2		16α-Hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid	-18.9
3		Glycyrrhetinic acid	-18.9
4	TYMS	Dehydropachymic acid	-9.1
5	DHODH	Dehydrotrametenonic acid	-6.2
6	AKR1B1	Liquiritigenin	-5.6
7		Liquiritin	-6.9
8		Chlorogenic acid	-6.5
9	AKR1B10	Dehydrotrametenonic acid	-7.2
10		Glabrolide	-7.3
11		Poricoic acid A	-5.8
12		16α-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid	-6.8
13		Glycyrrhetinic acid	-6.7
14		Chlorogenic acid	-6.3
15	AKR1A1	Glabrol	-8.9
16	GUSB	4-shogaol	-6.9
17	PYGM	Glabrolide	-9
18	ALDH5A1	7-hydroxycoumarin	-6.4
19	PIK3CA	Alisol F	-7.1
20		Liquiritigenin	-5.8
21	PIK3CD	Alisol F	-9.2
22		Glabrol	-7.8
23		4-Shogaol	-7
24		(10)-Gingerol	-6.5
25		Gingerenone A	-7.1
26		Ligustilide	-6.9
27		Phenethyl benzoate	-7
28	PLCG1	Dehydropachymic acid	-7.2
29		1-Dehydro-[10]-gingerdione	-5
30	PIK3CG	Glabrol	-9.1
31		1-Dehydro-[10]-gingerdione	-6.7
32		4-Shogaol	-7.1
33		Gingerenone A	-7.8
34	PIK3CB	Alisol F	-9.5
35		Liquiritigenin	-7.5
36		4-Shogaol	-6
37		(10)-Gingerol	-5.3
38		Gingerenone A	-6.4
39	PI4KB	4-Shogaol	-6.3
40	ACP1	Poricoic acid A	-7.7
41		16α-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid	-7.6

HAO1: Hydroxyacid oxidase 1; TYMS: Thymidylate synthetase; DHODH: Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone); AKR1B1: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1; AKR1B10: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10; AKR1A1: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1; GUSB: Glucuronidase beta; PYGM: Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle associated; ALDH5A1: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1; PIK3CA: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha; PIK3CD: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta; PLCG1: Phospholipase C gamma 1; PIK3CG: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma; PIK3CB: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta; PI4KB: Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta; ACP1: Acid phosphatase 1.

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Citation: Tao YX, Gong DH, Yang H, Wang PQ, Tang YM, Zhou QD, Wang YY, Zhang Y, Chen WD, Yu J, Yang XX. Poria in Fuling Zexie decoction for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Underlying mechanisms and key bioactive substances. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(7): 121954
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v18/i7/121954.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.121954

Tao YX, Gong DH, Yang H, Wang PQ, Tang YM, Zhou QD, Wang YY, Zhang Y, Chen WD, Yu J, Yang XX. Poria in Fuling Zexie decoction for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Underlying mechanisms and key bioactive substances. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(7): 121954 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.121954]

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