Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3: A key biomarker for response to ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cholangitis

Table 1 Clinical, pathological, and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 expression characteristics of primary biliary cholangitis patients with different response to ursodeoxycholic acid, mean ± SD, n (%)

Characteristics	All patients (n = 71)	UDCA-responders (n = 46)	UDCA-non-responders (n = 25)	P value
Gender				1.000
Female	69 (97.2)	45 (97.8)	24 (96.0)
Male	2 (2.8)	1 (2.2)	1 (4.0)
Age (year)				0.479
Median (IQR)	51 (42-57)	51 (42-58)	48 (43-57)	-
Fatigue	21 (29.6)	7 (15.2)	14 (56.0)	0.001
Pruritus	11 (15.5)	6 (13.0)	5 (20.0)	0.439
PLT (109/L)	207.7 ± 8.8	217.6 ± 11.8	189.4 ± 12.0	0.127
ALT (U/L)	61.1 ± 8.4	55.2 ± 11.0	72.1 ± 12.6	0.341
AST (U/L)	52.9 ± 9.4	48.6 ± 13.3	60.8 ± 10.9	0.541
ALP (U/L)	164.8 ± 16.9	124.0 ± 12.2	239.9 ± 38.7	0.008
GGT (U/L)	172.4 ± 30.7	109.4 ± 16.5	283.6 ± 76.5	0.035
TBIL (μmol/L)	30.0 ± 5.0	20.7 ± 3.7	47.1 ± 11.8	0.041
TBA (μmol/L)	27.9 ± 6.2	21.9 ± 5.2	38.8 ± 14.8	0.194
Albumin (g/L)	39.3 ± 0.9	40.0 ± 1.2	38.0 ± 1.1	0.258
AMA	49 (69.0)	33 (71.7)	16 (64.0)	0.501
AMA-M2	47 (66.2)	32 (69.6)	15 (60.0)	0.416
Anti-sp100	17 (23.9)	11 (23.9)	6 (24.0)	0.993
Anti-gp210	26 (36.6)	13 (28.3)	13 (52.0)	0.047
ACA	14 (19.7)	13 (28.3)	1 (4.0)	0.014
IgM (g/L)	4.1 ± 0.8	3.1 ± 0.4	5.8 ± 2.0	0.092
Splenomegaly	14 (19.7)	7 (15.2)	7 (28.0)	0.196
Osteoporosis	18 (25.4)	11 (23.9)	7 (28.0)	0.705
Liver Fibrosis				0.106
I	45 (63.4)	29 (63.0)	16 (64.0)
II	21 (29.6)	15 (32.6)	6 (24.0)
III	5 (7.0)	2 (4.3)	3 (12.0)
IV	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Ductopenia	19 (26.8)	10 (21.7)	9 (36.0)	0.195
TNFAIP3 (IOD)	10.1 ± 0.5	9.0 ± 0.6	12.3 ± 1.0	0.003

IQR: Interquartile range; PLT: Platelets; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; TBA: Total bile acid; AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibodies; ACA: Anti-centromere antibodies; IgM: Immunoglobulin M; IOD: Integrated optical density; TNFAIP3: Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid.

Table 2 Clinical and pathological features of primary biliary cholangitis patients with different tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3expressions, mean ± SD, n (%)

Characteristics	TNFAIP3-high (n = 28)	TNFAIP3-low (n = 43)	P value
Gender			0.515
Female	28 (100)	41 (95.3)
Male	0 (0)	2 (4.7)
Age (year)			0.004
Median (IQR)	46 (38-51)	53 (44-60)	-
Fatigue	11 (39.3)	10 (23.3)	0.148
Pruritus	3 (10.7)	8 (18.6)	0.508
PLT (109/L)	197.6 ± 12.8	214.2 ± 12.0	0.362
ALT (U/L)	78.3 ± 17.2	50.0 ± 7.9	0.100
AST (U/L)	69.3 ± 21.6	42.2 ± 6.4	0.161
ALP (U/L)	215.5 ± 35.4	131.8 ± 14.1	0.034
GGT (U/L)	193.7 ± 40.4	155.8 ± 42.8	0.545
TBIL (μmol/L)	41.9 ± 11.38	22.3 ± 3.2	0.107
TBA (μmol/L)	40.2 ± 14.7	19.8 ± 3.5	0.187
Albumin (g/L)	38.2 ± 1.0	40.0 ± 1.3	0.321
AMA	19 (67.9)	30 (69.8)	0.865
AMA-M2	19 (67.9)	28 (65.1)	0.811
Anti-sp100	7 (25.0)	10 (23.3)	0.866
Anti-gp210	11 (39.3)	15 (34.9)	0.707
ACA	3 (10.7)	11 (25.6)	0.143
IgM (g/L)	5.5 ± 1.8	3.1 ± 0.4	0.139
Splenomegaly	9 (32.1)	5 (11.6)	0.034
Osteoporosis	8 (28.6)	10 (23.3)	0.615
Liver fibrosis			0.698
I	19 (67.9)	26 (60.5)
II	6 (21.4)	15 (34.9)
III	3 (10.7)	2 (4.7)
IV	0 (0)	0 (0)
Ductopenia	10 (35.7)	9 (20.9)	0.169

IQR: Interquartile range; PLT: Platelets; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; TBA: Total bile acid; AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibodies; ACA: Anti-centromere antibodies; IgM: Immunoglobulin M; TNFAIP3: Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3.