Sex-related differences in treatment outcomes of chronic hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals

Table 1 Summary of baseline characteristics by sex and age group, n (%)

Parameter	Category	15-44 years		45-55 years		> 55 years
		Women (n = 3118)	Men (n = 4163)	Women (n = 1689)	Men (n = 2185)	Women (n = 4650)	Men (n = 3181)
BMI	Median	23.23	25.88	25.15	26.54	26.17	26.47
Genotype	1	69 (2.21)	69 (1.66)	32 (1.89)	34 (1.56)	115 (2.47)	62 (1.95)
	1A	269 (8.63)	410 (9.85)	24 (1.42)	56 (2.56)	53 (1.14)	48 (1.51)
	1B	2175 (69.76)	2616 (62.84)	1230 (72.82)	1404 (64.26)	3980 (85.59)	2600 (81.74)
	2	8 (0.26)	8 (0.19)	12 (0.71)	3 (0.14)	16 (0.34)	6 (0.19)
	3	358 (11.48)	643 (15.45)	268 (16.87)	437 (20)	320 (6.88)	319 (10.03)
	4	175 (5.61)	312 (7.49)	84 (4.97)	178 (8.15)	87 (1.87)	84 (2.64)
	5	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.05)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	6	1 (0.03)	1 (0.02)	1 (0.06)	2 (0.09)	0 (0)	1 (0.03)
	Pangenotypic HCV drugs	63 (2.02)	104 (2.5)	38 (2.25)	70 (3.20)	79 (1.7)	61 (1.92)

Data are presented as median for body mass index and number (percentage) for genotypes and drug usage. HCV: Hepatitis C virus; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Sex-based comorbidity differences across age groups, n (%)

Comorbidities	15-44 years		45-55 years		> 55 years
	Women (n = 3118)	Men (n = 4163)	Women (n = 1689)	Men (n = 2185)	Women (n = 4650)	Men (n = 3181)
Any comorbidity	1172 (37.6)	1748 (41.99)	1012 (59.92)	1284 (58.76)	3767 (81.01)	2596 (81.61)
Autoimmune diseases	88 (2.82)	30 (0.72)	58 (3.43)	19 (0.87)	163 (3.5)	28 (0.88)
DM	75 (2.41)	167 (4.01)	131 (7.76)	250 (11.44)	814 (17.5)	772 (24.27)
Hypertension	197 (6.32)	458 (11)	429 (25.4)	589 (26.96)	2591 (55.72)	1711 (53.79)
Renal disease	64 (2.1)	96 (2.31)	71 (4.2)	73 (3.34)	183 (3.94)	204 (6.41)
Depression	106 (3.4)	126 (3.03)	106 (6.28)	76 (3.48)	230 (4.95)	101 (3.18)
Psychiatric disorders1	21 (0.67)	83 (1.99)	17 (1.01)	47 (2.15)	50 (1.08)	44 (1.38)
Non-HCC tumors	19 (0.61)	29 (0.7)	43 (2.55)	23 (1.1)	153 (3.29)	141 (4.43)
History of HCC	3 (0.10)	18 (0.43)	6 (0.36)	44 (2.01)	83 (1.78)	144 (4.53)
HBV coinfection	333 (10.68)	532 (12.78)	251 (14.86)	413 (18.9)	625 (13.44)	501 (15.75)
HIV coinfection	161 (5.16)	530 (12.73)	95 (5.62)	282 (12.91)	16 (0.34)	52 (1.63)

¹Schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, psychotic disorders, dissociative disorders, personality disorders.

Psychiatric disorders category includes conditions such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, etc. DM: Diabetes mellitus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.

Table 3 Summary of sustained virologic response and adverse events stratified by age and sex, n (%)

Parameter	Category	15-44 years		45-55 years		> 55 years
		Women (n = 3118)	Men (n = 4163)	Women (n = 1689)	Men (n = 2185)	Women (n = 4650)	Men (n = 3181)
SVR12	Intent-to-treat (%)	96.44	93.42	96.09	91.17	95.83	92.96
	Per protocol (%)	98.95	93.37	98.66	94.99	98.00	96.86
AEs	At least one AE	457 (14.66)	491 (11.79)	319 (18.9)	332 (15.19)	918 (19.74)	544 (17.1)
Common AEs	Weakness/fatigue	187 (6)	178 (4.28)	140 (8.29)	143 (6.54)	349 (7.51)	232 (7.29)
	Headache	113 (3.63)	69 (1.66)	55 (3.26)	33 (1.51)	118 (2.54)	47 (1.48)
Severe AEs	LT, HCC, DLC	7 (0.22)	17 (0.41)	11 (0.65)	19 (0.87)	71 (1.53)	57 (1.79)
Adverse effects of special interest	Ascites	8 (0.26)	12 (0.29)	7 (0.41)	19 (0.87)	35 (0.75)	48 (1.51)
	HE	2 (0.06)	9 (0.22)	6 (0.36)	12 (0.55)	17 (0.37)	34 (1.07)
	GI bleeding	1 (0.03)	8 (0.19)	2 (0.12)	5 (0.23)	8 (0.17)	7 (0.22)
Death	Death	1 (0.03)	10 (0.24)	6 (0.36)	11 (0.5)	31 (0.67)	54 (1.7)

AEs: Adverse events; DLC: Decompensation of liver cirrhosis; GI: Gastrointestinal; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; LT: Liver transplantation; SVR12: Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post-treatment.