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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Hepatol. Feb 27, 2024; 16(2): 164-176
Published online Feb 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i2.164
Published online Feb 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i2.164
Targeting ligand | Particle size | Nanocarrier | Payload | In vitro or/and in vivo results |
GC33[54] | 100-150 nm | PEG PLGA | Sorafenib | GC33 modified nanoparticles in vitro: Specifically target GPC3-positive HepG2 cells, resulting in cell cycle arrest at G0/1 phase; in vivo: Inhibit the growth of liver cancer and improve the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice |
YP7[55] | N/A | Albumin | Paclitaxel | YP-7 bounded-nanoparticles induce rapid target-specific necrotic cell death and increase the concentration of paclitaxel within HCC tumors |
Clone 9C2[56] | 85-99 nm | TPGS PCL | Sorafenib | 9C2 antibody conjugated nanoparticles in vitro: Have a higher cellular uptake and a 7.5-fold increase in IC50 value compared to free sorafenib; in vivo: Can greatly inhibit tumor growth with no significant side effects |
Peptide G12[57] | Approximately 100 nm | Liposome | Sorafenib | G12-modified liposomes in vitro: Have enhanced specific-targeting and internalization into GPC3-positive cancer cells; in vivo: Show a superior precise antitumor effect with marked tumor suppression |
Peptide[58] | 105-117 nm | PEG PLGA | Sorafenib | Peptide-labeled nanoparticles in vitro: Significantly increase cytotoxicity against Hep3B cells; in vivo: Show good uptake and inhibited tumor growth |
Targeting ligand | Particle size | Nanocarrier | Payload | In vitro or/and in vivo results |
Lactose[64] | Approximately 115 nm | PCL-PEG-CHO | Sorafenib Curcumin | Lactose modified nanoparticles in vitro: Improve the efficiency of loaded drugs and exhibit better cytotoxicity; in vivo: The inhibition rate is 77.4% |
Galactose[65] | 92-136 nm | PEG PCL; Micelles | Paclitaxel | IC50 values of Gal decorated nanoparticles decreased from 11.7 to 1.1 μg/mL with increasing Gal concentration from 10% to 30%, supporting receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism |
ASP[66] | Approximately 228 nm | Deoxycholic acid | Doxorubicin | ASP modified nanoformulations in vitro: Internalize into HepG2 cells via ASGPR-mediated recognition and inhibit cell proliferation; in vivo: Suppress the tumor growth and reduce the side effects of free DOX |
CS[62] | Approximately 80 nm | Chitosan | Simvastatin | CS decorated nanoparticles enhance the cytotoxicity of the loading drug against HepG2 cells owing to its enhanced cellular uptake |
LA[67] | Approximately 310 nm | Cholesterol Liposome | Oxaliplatin | LA presents as a promising ligand for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of BEL7402 cancer cells |
Pullulan[68] | 140-170 nm | PLGA; PBAE | Paclitaxel; Combretastatin A4 | Pullulan labeled nanoparticles enhance targeting capability and efficacy in HCC treatment both in vivo and in vitro |
Pectin[69] | Approximately 300 nm | Ca(OH)2; NaHCO3 | 5-Fu | Pectin-based nanoparticles reduced the IC50 value to 0.17 mol/L in HepG2 cells, a significant decrease compared to the 0.45 mol/L IC50 value for free 5-Fu |
Ligand 1 | Ligand 2 | Nanocarrier | Payload | Particle size |
Folic acid[100] | Lactobionic acid | Chitosan | 5-Fu | 163 ± 10 nm |
Folic acid[101] | Lactobionic acid | Berberine; Diosmin | Casein micelles | Approximately 200 nm |
Glycyrrhetinic acid[102] | Hyaluronic acid | Carbodiimide | Paclitaxe | 200-320 nm |
Lactobionic acid[103] | Glycyrrhetinic acid | Chitosan; Acrylic acid | DOX | Approximately 274 nm |
Lactoferrin[104] | Lactobionic acid/Glycyrrhetinic acid | Phospholipid complex | Sorafenib; quercetin | 169 ± 1.5; 230 ± 1.7 |
Biotin[105] | Lactobionic acid | PEG; PLGA | Curcumin 5-Fu | 110-187 nm |
- Citation: Zhou XQ, Li YP, Dang SS. Precision targeting in hepatocellular carcinoma: Exploring ligand-receptor mediated nanotherapy. World J Hepatol 2024; 16(2): 164-176
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v16/i2/164.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v16.i2.164