Clinical analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in patients with liver cirrhosis in Beijing

Table 1 Comparison of the underlying information, n (%)

Variable	Group 1: Death group (n = 12)	Group 2: Improved group (n = 60)	χ2	P value
Gender:Male	11 (91.7)	41 (68.3)	2.714	0.099
History of hypertension	3 (25)	18 (30)	0.121	0.728
History of diabetes mellitus	3 (25)	15 (25)	0.000	1.000
History of lung disease	2 (16.7)	4 (6.7)	1.309	0.253
History of heart disease	1 (8.3)	7 (11.7)	0.113	0.737
Chronic kidney disease	3 (25)	2 (3.3)	7.264	0.007a
Neurological	3 (25)	7 (11.7)	1.486	0.223
History of malignancy	2 (16.7)	9 (15)	0.021	0.884
Heavy alcohol consumption	7 (58.3)	14 (23.3)	5.929	0.015a
History of hospitalization within 30 days	4 (33.3)	15 (25)	0.357	0.550
History of antibiotic exposure within 15 days	1 (8.3)	6 (10)	0.032	0.859
Blood glucose > 7.8	4 (33.3)	22 (36.7)	0.048	0.826

^aP < 0.05.

Table 2 Comparison of the disease information, n (%)

Variable		Death group (n = 12)	Improved group (n = 60)	χ2	P value
Site of infection	Lung	2 (16.7)	11 (18.3)	1.806	0.771
	Urinary tract	0 (0)	4 (6.7)
	Blood	6 (50)	30 (50)
	Ascites	1 (8.3)	7 (11.7)
	Pleural fluid	3 (25)	8 (13.3)
Carbapenem-resistant	Yes	3 (25)	1 (1.7)	10.376	0.001b
Co-infection with other bacteria	Yes	5 (41.7)	5 (8.3)	9.290	0.002b
Co-infection with fungal infections	Yes	3 (25)	7 (11.7)	1.486	0.223
Co-infection with viral infection	Yes	0 (0)	2 (3.3)	0.411	0.521
Nosocomial infection	Yes	4 (33.3)	10 (16.7)	1.773	0.183
Liver failure	Yes	11 (91.7)	11 (18.3)	25.344	0.000b
Liver cirrhosis	None	0 (0)	2 (3.3)	4.393	0.494
	HBV	5 (41.7)	30 (50)
	HCV	1 (8.3)	5 (8.3)
	Alcoholic	5 (41.7)	11 (18.3)
	Autoimmune	0 (0)	7 (11.7)
	Unknown	1 (8.3)	5 (8.3)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	3 (25)	16 (26.7)	0.014	0.905
Hepatic encephalopathy	0	4 (33.3)	43 (71.7)	22.851	0.001b
	1	0 (0)	10 (16.7)
	2	5 (41.7)	5 (8.3)
	3	1 (0.08)	2 (0.03)
	4	2 (0.17)	0 (0)
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	Yes	4 (33.3)	14 (23.3)	0.533	0.465

^bP < 0.01.

HBV: Hepatitis C virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 3 Comparison of the treatment information, n (%)

Variable		Death group (n = 12)	Improved group (n = 60)	χ2	P value
ICU	No	8 (66.7)	59 (98.3)	21.278	0.001b
Arteriovenous catheterization	Yes	4 (33.3)	1 (1.7)	15.518	0.000b
Tracheal intubation	Yes	4 (33.3)	1 (1.7)	15.518	0.000b
Catheterization cannula	Yes	4 (33.3)	1 (1.7)	15.518	0.000b
No antibiotics	Yes	12 (100)	54 (90)	1.309	0.253
Quinolones	Yes	3 (25)	14 (23.3)	0.015	0.901
Carbapenems	Yes	10 (83.3)	25 (41.7)	6.950	0.008b
First and second generations of cephalosporin	Yes	1 (8.3)	11 (18.3)	0.720	0.396
Third-generation cephalosporin	Yes	0 (0)	10 (16.7)	2.134	0.144
Antibiotics with an enzyme inhibitor	Yes	5 (41.7)	22 (36.7)	0.107	0.744
Vancomycin	Yes	3 (25)	5 (8.3)		0.094

^bP < 0.01.

ICU: Intensive care unit.

Table 4 Comparison of the clinical index

Variable	Prognosis	mean ± SD	t	P value
Age	Death	60.67 ± 10.76	0.898	0.372
	Improved	57.1 ± 12.87
Temperature	Death	37.61 ± 1.38	-1.530	0.131
	Improved	38.3 ± 1.44
Pulse	Death	86.92 ± 15.7	-0.768	0.445
	Improved	90.95 ± 16.78
Respiratory	Death	21.17 ± 4.53	1.828	0.072
	Improved	19.8 ± 1.68
SBP	Death	111.5 ± 13.87	-1.136	0.260
	Improved	116.27 ± 13.15
DBP	Death	64.5 ± 7.48	-2.385	0.020a
	Improved	71.63 ± 9.78
WBC	Death	7 ± 3.01	-0.456	0.650
	Improved	7.81 ± 6.02
Neutrophils%	Death	81.63 ± 8.36	1.049	0.298
	Improved	77.79 ± 12.05
Neutrophils	Death	5.78 ± 2.86	-0.356	0.723
	Improved	6.39 ± 5.7
Lymphocyte	Death	0.8 ± 0.62	-0.242	0.809
	Improved	0.85 ± 0.55
Hb	Death	91.75 ± 25.5	-0.797	0.428
	Improved	98.61 ± 27.51
PLT	Death	76.78 ± 45.91	-1.536	0.129
	Improved	129.2 ± 115.81
ALT	Death	45.54 ± 44.39	-0.454	0.652
	Improved	57.55 ± 89.12
AST	Death	64.54 ± 43.87	-0.367	0.715
	Improved	74.09 ± 87.51
TBIL	Death	263.75 ± 183.22	5.013	0.000b
	Improved	69.57 ± 107.45
DBIL	Death	177.75 ± 146.82	4.287	0.000b
	Improved	47.26 ± 83.51
ALB	Death	70.15 ± 144.12	2.225	0.029a
	Improved	29.72 ± 6.59
CHE	Death	1644.25 ± 579.51	-2.144	0.035a
	Improved	2710.68 ± 1694.73
INR	Death	2.54 ± 1.05	5.365	0.000b
	Improved	1.53 ± 0.46
Cr	Death	102.76 ± 58.45	1.520	0.133
	Improved	78.93 ± 47.74
eGFR	Death	78.86 ± 34.63	-1.410	0.163
	Improved	92.42 ± 29.56
CRP	Death	33.66 ± 37.7	-0.475	0.636
	Improved	162.16 ± 891.13
PCT	Death	3.13 ± 5.23	-0.498	0.620
	Improved	6.03 ± 19.86
CD4	Death	177.6 ± 106.5	-2.016	0.052
	Improved	434.76 ± 278.74
Days of in-hospital	Death	24.17 ± 26.7	0.540	0.591
	Improved	21.25 ± 14.59
Ascites	Death	49.09 ± 33.76	1.509	0.136
	Improved	31.81 ± 35.02

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; WBC: White blood cell; Hb: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct Bilirubin; ALB: Albumin; CHE: Cholinesterase; INR: International normalized ratio; Cr: Creatinine; eGFR: Glomerular filtration rate; CRP: C-reaction protein; PCT: Procalcitonin; CD4: Cluster of differentiation 4 cell.

Table 5 Logistics regression analysis of the influence on prognosis

Variable	B	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI for OR
Chronic kidney disease	-4.060	2.099	3.742	0.053	0.017	0.000-1.055
Combined with other bacteria	-2.715	1.615	2.827	0.093	0.066	0.003-1.568
Liver failure	-3.705	1.455	6.481	0.011a	0.025	0.001-0.426
Arteriovenous catheterization	-2.873	1.589	3.268	0.071	0.057	0.003-1.274
TBIL	-0.008	0.004	4.397	0.036a	0.992	0.984-0.999
Contant	6.523	1.873	12.124	0.000a	680.624	-

^aP < 0.05.

TBIL: Total bilirubin; OR: Odds ratio.