Outcomes of gout in patients with cirrhosis: A national inpatient sample-based study

Table 1 Patient sex at birth for gout with and without a history of cirrhosis

		Patients without cirrhosis, n = 1491829		Patients with cirrhosis, n = 36948		OR	95%CI	P value
		Percentage	n	Percentage	n
Sex at birth	Female	33.17	494890	25.37	9372	0.685	0.669-0.701	< 0.05
	Male	66.83	996939	74.63	27576

95%CI: 95% Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 2 Differences in age distribution among patients hospitalized for gout with and without a history of cirrhosis

	Patients without cirrhosis			Patients with cirrhosis			Mean difference	95%CI	P value
	Mean	SD	SE mean	Mean	SD	SE mean
Age at admission (yr)	70.37	13.53	0.011	66.21	12.33	0.064	4.167 ± 0.071	4.027-4.306	< 0.05

95%CI: 95% Confidence interval; SD: Standard deviation; SE: Standard error.

Table 3 Racial characteristics in patients hospitalized for gout with and without a history of cirrhosis

Race	Patients without cirrhosis		Patients with cirrhosis		P value
	%	n	%	n
Caucasian	71.0	890040	69.1	22725	< 0.05
Black	18.6	233005	17.4	5723
Hispanic	4.4	55174	7.4	2426
Asian or Pacific Islander	3.6	45217	3.6	1184
Native American	0.3	4289	0.4	122
Other	2.0	25351	2.1	703

Table 4 Primary outcomes in gout among hospitalized patients with and without cirrhosis

	Patients without cirrhosis		Patients with cirrhosis		OR	95%CI	P value	AOR	ACI	Adjusted P value
	Percentage	n	Percentage	n
Mortality	2.03	30286	5.49	2029	2.804	2.678-2.937	< 0.050	3.092	2.939-3.252	< 0.05
Gout flare	2.77	41282	2.89	1066	1.044	0.982-1.110	0. 171	0.816	0.765-0.871	< 0.05
Tophi	0.75	11202	0.97	358	1.293	1.164-1.438	< 0.050	1.025	0.914-1.149	0.677
Uric acid nephrolithiasis	0.02	374	0.02	9	0.972	0.502-1.882	0.932	1.037	0.530-2.030	0.915
Nephropathy	0.02	283	0.01	5	0.713	0.295-1.727	0.452	0.548	0.223-1.346	0.19
Arthrocentesis	2.45	36611	2.21	818	0.900	0.839-0.965	< 0.050	0.741	0.686-0.800	< 0.05
Joint injection	0.72	10673	0.52	192	0.725	0.628-0.837	< 0.050	0.713	0.610-0.833	< 0.050
Septic Arthritis	0.31	4637	0.31	114	0.993	0.824-1.196	0.939	0.997	0.821-1.211	0.977

95%CI: 95% Confidence interval; ACI: Adjusted confidence interval; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio; OR: Odds ratio.