Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-current status

Table 1 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease association with Clostridioides difficile infection and recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection

Ref.	Year of publication	Type of publication	Number of patients	Correlation between NAFLD/CDI
Nseir et al[9]	2020	Retrospective study	115	NAFLD was found in 76/115 (66%) patients with CDAD vs 35/115 (30.4%) in the control group, P < 0.001
				Multivariate analysis showed that NAFLD was significantly associated with CDAD (OR: 1.51, 95%CI: P = 0.05)
Papić et al[8]	2020	Retrospective cohort study	314	CDI was significantly more frequent in patients with NAFLD (14, 16.87% vs 17, 7.36%, P = 0.0156)
Šamadan et al[11]	2021	Retrospective cohort study	329	Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that age > 75 yr, NAFLD, CACI > 6, chronic kidney disease, statins and immobility were associated with rCDI
Jiang et al[10]	2021	Retrospective cohort study	7239	CDI with NAFLD was associated with a higher rate of intestinal perforation (P < 0.01) when compared to viral liver disease and a higher rate of intestinal obstruction (4.6% vs 2.2%, P = 0.001) when compared to CDI with ALD

NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; CDI: Clostridioides difficile infection; ALD: Alcoholic liver disease; CDAD: Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea; rCDI: Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection.