Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Hepatol. Jul 27, 2022; 14(7): 1307-1318
Published online Jul 27, 2022. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1307
Table 1 Diagnostic small extracellular vesicles markers in relation to liver diseases
Diseases
Types of molecules
Markers
Refs.
HCCProteinAminopeptidase N, Galectin-3-binding protein, SMAD, ANGPT2, 14-3-3 ζ, β-catenin, P120-catenin, EPCAM[1521]
RNAmiR-21, miR-21, -96, miR-122, miR-18a, -221, -222, -224, miR-10b-5p, -215-5p, miR-101, -106b, 12, -195, miR-519d, -595, -939, miR-19b,-92, miR-125, miR-9-3, miR-122, 148a, -1246, miR-122, miR-93, miR 144-3p, -21-5p, miR210, miR-638, miR-665, miR-774, miR-1262, miR-320d, miR-23a/b, miR-45-1a, miR-224, miR-21, -10b, miR-122, -125b, -145, -192, -194, 29a, 17-5p, -106a, miR-26a, -29c, -21, lncRNA Jpx, lncRNA FAL1, lncRNA-RP11-513I15.6, mRNA RAB11A, miR-1262, lncRNA HEIH, lncRNA LINC00161, lnc RNA HULC, AFP mRNA[2250]
HBVmiRNAmiR-21-5p[33]
HCVRNAHCV-RNA, miR-122-5p, -222-3p, -146-5p, -150-5p, -30c-5p, -378a-3p, -20a-5p, [5153]
NAFLD/NASHProteinITGβ1, CD68[54,55]
RNAmiR-192-5p[56]
Lipidceramides and sphingosin 1-phosphate[57]
ALDProteinASGR2 and CYP2E1, CD163, 206, ASGPR, CD40L, CK18, Glutathione synthetase[55,5862]
RNAmiR-122, -155, miR-Let-7f, 29a, -340, miR-122, let7f, -21, -29a, -146a, miR-192-5p, miR-192, -30a[56,6366]
LipidSphingosin 1-phosphate[67]
CirrhosisProteinCD163, 206, PDGFRβ, urinary maltase and glucoamylase (for AKI during cirrhosis)[59,6870]
RNAmiR-19a, -19b, -92, 17a, -20a[27]
ALIProteinApolipoprotein A-1, Argininosuccinate synthase-1[62]
RNAGnb21 mRNA, [71]
Table 2 Small extracellular vesicles markers in relation to liver pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
Types of molecules
Markers
Refs.
NASH inflammation and fibrosismiRNAmiR-122, -192 [75]
NASH fibrosismiRNAmiR-122[76]
ALD outcomeproteinASGR2 and CYP2E1[58]
HBV fibrosismiRNAmiR-150, -192, -200b, -91a[77]
HCV treatment responsemiRNAmiR-122, -199a, miR-122, miR-122-5p, -222-3p, -146-5p, -150-5p, -30c-5p, -378a-3p, -20a-5p [53,78,79]
HCV fibrosisproteinCD81[80]
miRNALet-7s, miR-122, -150, -192, 200b, 92a, miR-19a [77,81]
HCC recurrenceproteinSMAD3, CASC9[16,82]
RNAmiR-718, miR-125, miR-21, miR-103, miR1247-3p, miR-92b, miR-21 and lncRNA-ATB, miR-21, -10b, miR-215-5p, miR-155, mRNA RAB11A, miR-211-3p, -6826-3p, -1236-3p, 4448 [25,26,36,42,8390]
HCC survivalRNAmiR-125, miR-21, miR-103, miR-22a-3p, miR-335, miR-25-5p, miR-320a-PBX3, miR-718, miR-210, miR-122, miR-93, miR-21, -96, -122, miR-1247-3p, miR-638, miR-665, miR-21 and lncRNA-ATB, miR-30d, -140, miR-106a, miR-224, miR-320d, long non-coding RNA (ENSG00000258332.1 and LINC00635), hnRNPH1, circPTGR1, circRNA-100, -338, circ DB[18,23,31,32,34,36,38,41,43,8286,88,9199]