Accuracy of virtual chromoendoscopy in differentiating gastric antral vascular ectasia from portal hypertensive gastropathy: A proof of concept study

Table 1 Summary of the patient population

	Overall (n = 23)
Age (median, IQR), n (%)	60
Male	14	60.9
Caucasian	15	65%
Etiology of cirrhosis
Alcohol (EtOH)	3	13.0
Granulomatous hepatitis	1	4.4
HBV	1	4.4
HCV	10	43.5
HCV, EtOH	1	4.4
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis	6	26.1
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	1	4.4
Liver biopsy	10	43.5
Liver transplantation	3	13.0
Portal hypertension on imaging	17	73.9
TIPS	2	8.7
Cirrhosis on CT/US	23	100.0
History of connective tissue disease	1	4.4
Dialysis	2	8.7
Endoscopy suite, n (%)
Reason for EGD
Anemia	1	4.4
GI Bleed	4	17.4
Varices	18	78.2
Anticoagulation	0	0.0
Alcohol use in the past 15 d	5	21.7
ASA in the past 15 d	7	31.8
NSAIDS use in the past 15 d	0	0.0
Plavix	0	0.0
Beta blockers	10	45.5
Labs within 3 mo Pre EGD1	median	IQR
Hemoglobin	10.6	9.5–13.3
Mean corpuscular volume	89.2	87.0–90.5
Platelet count	126.5	68.0–152.0
INR	1.1	1.1–1.2
Serum sodium	139.0	137.0–142.0
Alanine aminotransferase	30.0	25.0–54.0
Aspartate aminotransferase	50.0	32.0–79.0
Total bilirubin	1.6	1.2–2.6
Alkaline phosphatase	108.0	85.0–134.0
Serum albumin	3.2	2.4–3.4
Ferritin	74.3	5.0–2458.0
Creatinine	1.0	0.70–1.47
Labs within 4-8 wk after EGD1	median	IQR
Hemoglobin	11.4	8.9–12.8
Mean corpuscular volume	87.9	84.8–91.6
Platelet count	117.0	63.0–166.0
INR	1.2	1.1–1.3
Serum sodium	140.0	137.0–142.0
Alanine aminotransferase	31.0	21.0–42.0
Aspartate aminotransferase	44.0	29.0–68.0
Total bilirubin	1.2	0.9–1.9
Alkaline phosphatase	132.0	79.0–185.0
Serum albumin	3.0	2.6–3.3
Ferritin	197.4	63.0–199.0
Creatinine	1.0	0.70–1.50

¹Reference ranges: Hemoglobin 12-15.5 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume 83-11 fL, platelet count 150-400 K/mm³, INR 0.9-1.2, serum sodium 134-145 mEq/L, alanine aminotransferase 0-61 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 5-34 U/L, total bilirubin 0.2-1.2 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase 40-150 U/L, serum albumin 3.4-5 g/dL, ferritin 12-200 ng/mL, and creatinine 0.7-1.3 mg/dL.

CT: Computed tomography; US: Ultrasound; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; NSAIDS: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; INR: International normalized ratio; IQR: Interquartile ranges; HCV: Hepatitis C; HBV: Hepatitis B.

Table 2 Comparison of white light and I-scan to the gold standard biopsy for diagnosis of gastric antral vascular ectasia

		Biopsy
		No GAVE	GAVE
White Light	No GAVE	10	1	Sensitivity: 85.7%
	GAVE	6	6	Specificity: 62.5%
I-Scan	No GAVE	12	0	Sensitivity: 100%
	GAVE	4	7	Specificity: 75.0%

GAVE: Gastric antral vascular ectasia.

Table 3 Comparison of white light and I-scan to the gold standard biopsy for diagnosis of portal hypertensive gastropathy

		Biopsy
		No PHG	PHG
White Light	No PHG	4	1	Sensitivity: 93.8%
	PHG	3	15	Specificity: 57.1%
I-Scan	No PHG	5	2	Sensitivity: 87.5%
	PHG	2	14	Specificity: 71.4%

PHG: Portal hypertensive gastropathy.