Hepatopulmonary syndrome: An update

Table 1 Hepatopulmonary syndrome definition

Index
Oxygenation	PaO2 < 80 mmHg or A-a gradient (corrected for age) > 15 mmHg or 20 mmHg if age > 64 years while breathing room air
Intrapulmonary vasodilation	Confirmed by contrast-enhance echocardiography or lung perfusion scanning showing brain shunt fraction > 6%
Liver disease	Cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension

Table 2 Staging based on severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome

Stage	Partial pressure of oxygen (mmHg) on room air
Mild	≥ 80
Moderate	≥ 60 to < 80
Severe	≥ 50 to < 60
Very severe	< 50 on room air or < 300 while breathing 100% oxygen