Liver and COVID-19: From care of patients with liver diseases to liver injury

Table 1 Mechanisms of coronavirus disease 2019 liver injury

Mechanisms	Pathophysiology
Direct cytotoxicity	Active replication of SARS-CoV-2 in hepatic cells
Hyper-inflammatory reaction	Cytokine storm and activation of immune system
Systemic hypoxia	COVID-19 cardiomyopathy
Drug-induced liver injury	Liver toxicity to medication used to treat COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.

Table 2 Influence of liver diseases in risk of infection or outcome of coronavirus disease 2019

Higher risk of infection or severe outcome of COVID-19	Apparently non-higher risk of infection or severe outcome of COVID-19
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	Hemochromatosis
Alcoholic liver disease	Wilson's disease
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency	Autoimmune liver disease
Cirrhosis	Hepatitis B infection
Hepatocellular carcinoma

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.