Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Hepatol. Jan 27, 2021; 13(1): 109-119
Published online Jan 27, 2021. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.109
Published online Jan 27, 2021. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.109
Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical features of chronic hepatitis C virus positive patients
Characteristics | Total, n = 305 | Fibrosis, n = 53 | Cirrhosis, n = 154 | HCC, n = 98 | P value |
Age in yr | 59.85 ± 8.83 | 57.89 ± 10.43 | 59.29 ± 8.43 | 61.78 ± 8.22 | 0.019 |
Male | 144 (47.2) | 20 (37.7) | 67 (43.5) | 57 (58.2) | 0.024 |
Ethnicity, Caucasian | 218 (71.5) | 35 (66.1) | 110 (71.4) | 73 (74.5) | 0.547 |
BMI in kg/m² | 27.08 ± 4.85 | 26.39 ± 4.14 | 27.80 ± 5.39 | 26.34 ± 4.15 | 0.038 |
Level of education | 0.366 | ||||
Completed primary education or less | 196 (62.0) | 31 (56.6) | 100 (62.3) | 65 (64.3) | |
Secondary or higher education | 102 (24.9) | 20 (34.0) | 51 (25.3) | 31 (19.4) | |
Smoker | 59 (19.3) | 16 (30.2) | 31 (20.1) | 12 (12.2) | 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | 0.004 | ||||
No | 260 (85.2) | 49 (92.5) | 137 (89.0) | 74 (75.5) | |
Former | 45 (14.8) | 4 (7.5) | 17 (11.0) | 24 (24.5) | |
Illicit drug use | 0.164 | ||||
No | 243 (79.7) | 43 (81.1) | 122 (79.2) | 78 (79.6) | |
Yes | 9 (3.0) | 4 (7.5) | 4 (2.6) | 1 (1.0) | |
Former user | 53 (17.4) | 6 (1.1) | 28 (18.2) | 19 (19.4) | |
Coffee drinker | 213 (69.8) | 39 (73.6) | 112 (72.7) | 62 (63.3) | 0.226 |
Age at infection of HCV in yr | 27.43 ± 9.75 | 28.47 ± 9.12 | 27.48 ± 9.77 | 26.64 ± 10.26 | 0.735 |
Age at diagnosis of HCV in yr | 49.11 ± 11.11 | 46.88 ± 12.99 | 49.17 ± 10.97 | 50.24 ± 10.11 | 0.223 |
HCV infection via blood transfusion | 125 (41.0) | 24 (45.3) | 64 (41.6) | 37 (37.8) | 0.706 |
HCV-RNA as log10UI/mL | 6.05 ± 0.86 | - | 6.11 ± 0.87 | 5.86 ± 0.78 | 0.141 |
HCV genotypes | 0.060 | ||||
1 | 124 (40.7) | - | 86 (55.8) | 38 (38.8) | |
2 | 7 (2.3) | - | 4 (2.6) | 3 (3.1) | |
3 | 112 (36.7) | - | 61 (39.6) | 51 (52.0) | |
Antiviral treatment | 178 (58.4) | - | 115 (74.7) | 63 (64.3) | 0.077 |
Diabetes | 85 (27.9) | - | 50 (32.5) | 35 (35.7) | 0.595 |
Steatosis | 24 (7.9) | - | 13 (8.4) | 11 (11.2) | 0.431 |
Ascites | 66 (21.6) | - | 31 (20.1) | 35 (35.7) | 0.005 |
Portal hypertension | 146 (47.9) | - | 72 (46.8) | 74 (75.5) | < 0.001 |
Esophageal varices | 156 (51.1) | - | 91 (59.0) | 65 (66.3) | 0.231 |
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding | 49 (16.0) | - | 26 (16.9) | 23 (23.5) | 0.184 |
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | 13 (4.3) | - | 7 (4.5) | 6 (6.1) | 0.568 |
Hepatic encephalopathy | 24 (7.9) | - | 13 (8.4) | 11 (11.2) | 0.431 |
Child-Pugh | 0.083 | ||||
A | 137 (44.9) | - | 95 (61.7) | 42 (42.9) | |
B | 43 (14.1) | - | 28 (18.2) | 15 (15.3) | |
C | 9 (3.0) | - | 3 (1.9) | 6 (6.1) | |
Number of tumors | |||||
1 | - | - | 62 (63.37) | ||
2 | - | - | 17 (17.35) | ||
≥ 3 | - | - | 18 (18.37) | ||
Tumor size in cm | - | - | 2.8 ± 1.81 | ||
Portal vein thrombosis | - | - | 10 (10.20) | ||
Extrahepatic metastases | - | - | 7 (7.14) | ||
Liver transplantation | - | - | 47 (47.96) | ||
Deaths | 14 (4.59) | - | 8 (5.19) | 6 (6.12) | 0.754 |
Table 2 Allele and genotype frequencies of interferon lambda-4 rs12979860 polymorphism in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated liver diseases and healthy control subjects
rs12979860 | Control, n = 260 | Total patients, n = 305 | Fibrosis, n = 53 | Cirrhosis, n = 154 | HCC, n = 98 | P value | ||||
Fibrosis vs Control | Cirrhosis vs Control | HCC vs Control | Fibrosis vs Cirrhosis | Cirrhosis vs HCC | ||||||
Allele | 0.047 | < 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.708 | 0.618 | |||||
C | 345 (66.3) | 331 (54.3) | 59 (55.7) | 163 (52.9) | 109 (55.6) | |||||
T | 175 (33.7) | 279 (45.7) | 47 (44.3) | 145 (47.1) | 87 (44.4) | |||||
Genotype | 0.113 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.541 | 0.665 | |||||
CC | 115 (44.2) | 76 (24.9) | 16 (30.2) | 36 (23.4) | 24 (24.5) | |||||
CT | 115 (44.2) | 179 (58.7) | 27 (50.9) | 91 (59.1) | 61 (62.2) | |||||
TT | 30 (11.6) | 50 (16.4) | 10 (18.9) | 27 (17.5) | 13 (13.3) |
Table 3 Genetic models of association between interferon lambda-4 rs12979860 polymorphism and hepatitis C virus-associated liver diseases
rs12979860 | Fibrosis vs Control | Cirrhosis vs Control | HCC vs Control | Fibrosis vs Cirrhosis | Cirrhosis vs HCC | |||||
OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | |
Codominant model | ||||||||||
CC | 1.00 (Ref.) | - | 1.00 (Ref.) | - | 1.00 (Ref.) | - | 1.00 (Ref.) | - | 1.00 (Ref.) | - |
CT | 1.69 (0.82-3.54) | 0.126 | 2.53 (1.55-4.15) | < 0.001 | 2.54 (1.44-4.56) | 0.001 | 1.50 (0.67-3.28) | 0.277 | 1.01 (0.52-1.95) | 0.986 |
TT | 2.40 (0.87-6.27) | 0.053 | 2.88 (1.44-5.77) | 0.001 | 2.08 (0.86-4.83) | 0.068 | 1.20 (0.43-3.45) | 0.702 | 0.72 (0.28-1.80) | 0.447 |
T allele dominant model | ||||||||||
CC | 1.00 (Ref.) | - | 1.00 (Ref.) | - | 1.00 (Ref.) | - | 1.00 (Ref.) | - | 1.00 (Ref.) | - |
CT + TT | 1.83 (0.94-3.71) | 0.061 | 2.60 (1.63-4.19) | < 0.001 | 2.45 (1.42-4.31) | 0.001 | 1.42 (0.66-2.97) | 0.325 | 0.94 (0.50-1.79) | 0.840 |
Table 4 Distribution of the interferon lambda-4 rs12979860 genotypes based on the clinical features of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, n = 98
Genotypes | Codominant model | T allele dominant model | |||
Variable | CC, n = 24 | CT, n = 61 | TT, n = 13 | P value | P value |
HCV genotypes | 0.052 | 0.017 | |||
1 | 3 (14.3) | 27 (46.6) | 8 (61.5) | 0.004 | |
2 | 1(4.8) | 2 (3.4) | - | ||
3 | 17 (81.0) | 29 (50.0) | 5 (38.5) | 0.007 | |
Diabetes | 10 (41.7) | 19 (31.1) | 6 (46.2) | 0.463 | 0.484 |
Steatosis | 1(4.2) | 8 (13.3) | 2 (16.7) | 0.409 | 0.195 |
Ascites | 10 (41.7) | 20 (32.8) | 5 (41.7) | 0.679 | 0.511 |
Portal hypertension | 17 (70.8) | 48 (78.7) | 9 (75.0) | 0.741 | 0.469 |
Esophageal varices | 17 (70.8) | 39 (63.9) | 9 (75.0) | 0.682 | 0.646 |
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding | 8 (33.3) | 10 (16.4) | 5 (41.7) | 0.075 | 0.201 |
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | 1 (4.2) | 5 (8.2) | - | 0.500 | 0.636 |
Hepatic encephalopathy | 3 (12.5) | 2 (3.3) | 3 (25.0) | 0.030 | 0.383 |
Child-Pugh | 0.209 | 0.156 | |||
A | 8 (61.5) | 26 (63.4) | 8 (88.9) | ||
B | 2 (15.4) | 12 (29.3) | 1 (11.1) | ||
C | 3 (23,1) | 3 (7.3) | - | ||
Number of tumors | 0.325 | 0.684 | |||
1 | 17 (70.8) | 39 (65.0) | 6 (46.2) | ||
2 | 3 (12.5) | 12 (20.0) | 2 (15.4) | ||
≥ 3 | 4 (16.7) | 9 (15.0) | 5 (38.5) | ||
Portal vein thrombosis | 4 (16.7) | 4 (6.6) | 2 (16.7) | 0.286 | 0.238 |
Extrahepatic metastases | 1 (4.2) | 5 (8.6) | 1 (7.7) | 0.780 | 0.487 |
- Citation: de Bitencorte JT, Rech TF, Lunge VR, dos Santos DC, Álvares-da-Silva MR, Simon D. Association of interferon lambda-4 rs12979860 polymorphism with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. World J Hepatol 2021; 13(1): 109-119
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v13/i1/109.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.109