Combined endovascular-surgical treatment for complex congenital intrahepatic arterioportal fistula: A case report and review of the literature

Table 1 Treatments and outcomes of congenital intrahepatic arterioportal fistula reported in literature, n (%)

Type of first-line treatment	Overall (n = 44, 100%)	Type-1 IAPF (n = 19, 43.2%)	Type-2 IAPF (n = 10, 22.7%)	Type-3 IAPF (n = 10, 22.7%)	Type not specified (n = 5, 11.4%)
Radiological embolization	39 (88.6)	17 (89.5)	10 (100)	8 (80)	4 (80)
-Overall success rate	31 (79.5)	15 (88.2)	7 (70)	5 (62.5)	4 (100)
-Success rate for one procedure	21 (53.8)	13 (76.5)	4 (40)	3 (37.5)	1 (25)
-Success rate for multiple procedures	10 (25.6)	2 (11.8)	3 (30)	2 (25)	3 (75)
-Patients requiring subsequent surgery	8 (20.5)	2 (11.8) (liver resection)	3 (30) (1 LT, 1 liver resection/arterial ligation, 1 end-to-side porto-caval shunt)	3 (37.5) (1 endo-to-side portocaval shunt, 1 LT, 1 persistent PH)	-
Surgery	5 (11.4)	2 (10.5)	-	2 (20)	1 (20)
Arterial ligation	4 (9.1)	2 (10.5)	-	1 (10)	1 (20)
-Success rate	2 (50)	2 (100)	-	0 (0) (persistent shunt)	0 (0) (required subsequent embolization)
Liver resection	1 (2.3)	-	-	1 (10)	-
-Success rate	1 (100)	-	-	1 (100)	-

IAFP: Intrahepatic arterioportal fistula; LT: Liver transplantation; PH: Portal hypertension.