Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with liver cirrhosis and lymphoma

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population, n (%)

General characteristics	Cases (n = 10)	Controls (n = 20)
Female sex	6 (60)	12 (60)
Age (yr)	56 ± 14.2	57 ± 12.9
BMI (kg/m2)	25.57 ± 3.44	27.30 ± 7.57
Lymphoma type
Hodgkin lymphoma	1 (10)	2 (10)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	9 (90)	18 (90)
Laboratory data
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.13 ± 2.39	11.97 ± 3.18
Platelets (K/μL)	166.60 ± 143.8a	293.9 ± 157.6
Leukocytes (K/μL)	5.4 ± 1.79	7.47 ± 3.79
INR	1.24 ± 0.19b	1.0 ± 1.0
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.74 ± 1.31a	0.97 ± 0.75
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.76 ± 0.82a	0.27 ± 0.34
ALT (U/L)	31.82 ± 33.30	25.6 ± 13.35
AST (U/L)	48.50 ± 27.31a	32.1 ± 16.52
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	210.40 ± 261.2	136.40 ± 149.1
Albumin (g/dL)	2.78 ± 0.69	3.3 ± 0.82
Sodium (mmol/L)	132 (130-138)	137 (132-140)
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.82 ± 0.21	1.63 ± 2.25
β-2 Microglobulin (g/dL)	3.17 ± 1.39	3.02 ± 3.08
LDH (U/L)	198.29 ± 119.81	356.5 ± 304.86
Comorbidities
Obesity	2 (20)	6 (30)
Dyslipidemia	0 (0)	4 (20)
Diabetes mellitus	3 (30)	3 (15)
Arterial hypertension	2 (20)	8 (40)
Alcohol consumption	3 (30)	5 (25)
Tobacco consumption	5 (50)	7 (35)
Rheumatoid arthritis	0 (0)	2 (10)

mean ± SD, median (p25-p75), absolute frequencies (%);

^aP < 0.05 vs controls,

^bP < 0.01 vs controls. BMI: Body mass index; INR: International normalized ratio; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; β-2 Microglobulin: Beta-2 microglobulin; LDH: Lactic dehydrogenase.

Table 2 Characteristics of the population with liver cirrhosis, n (%)

Characteristics of patients with cirrhosis	Cases (n = 10)
Etiologies of cirrhosis
HCV	5 (50)
NAFLD	2 (20)
Alcohol	1 (10)
Autoimmune hepatitis	1 (10)
Cryptogenic	1 (10)
States of cirrhosis
Compensated	2 (20)
Decompensated	8 (80)
Events of decompensation
Jaundice	1 (10)
Variceal bleeding	5 (50)
Ascites	6 (60)
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	1 (10)
Encephalopathy	1 (10)
CTP score	7.5 (6.75-9.25)
CTP class A	2 (20)
CTP class B	6 (60)
CTP class C	2 (20)
MELD	11.5 ± 4.50
MELD-Na	16.5 ± 5.12

mean ± SD, median (p25-p75), absolute frequencies (%). HCV: Hepatitis C virus; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh; MELD: Model for End-stage Liver Disease; MELD-Na: Model for End-stage Liver Disease sodium.

Table 3 Characteristics of the lymphoma cases, n (%)

Characteristics of lymphomas	Cases (n = 10)	Controls (n = 20)
Lymphoma type and subtypes
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	9 (90)	18 (90)
Diffuse large B cell	7 (70)	17 (85)
Follicular	1 (10)	0 (0)
Others	1 (10)	1 (5)
Hodgkin lymphoma	1 (10)	2 (10)
Nodular sclerosis	0 (0)	1 (5)
Lymphocyte predominant	0 (0)	1 (5)
Lymphocyte depleted	1 (10)	0 (0)
Clinical stages
I	1 (10)	4 (20)
II	2 (20)	3 (15)
III	1 (10)	6 (30)
IV	6 (60)	7 (35)
Extra nodal involvement	6 (60)	9 (45)
Prognostic scale
IPI score	3 (2.5-3)a	2 (1-3)
FLIPI score	3	-
IPS score	3	2.5
ECOG Performance Status	2 (1-2.25)	2 (1-2)
B symptoms
Fever	3 (30)	6 (30)
Weight loss	9 (90)	11 (55)
Nocturnal diaphoresis	4 (40)	6 (30)
Helicobacter pylori	3 (30)a	0 (0)

Median (p25-p75), absolute frequencies (%);

^aP < 0.05 vs controls; ^bP < 0.01 vs controls. IPI: International Prognostic Index; FLIPI: Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index; IPS: International Prognostic Score; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale of Performance Status.

Table 4 Type of chemotherapy and treatment outcomes, n (%)

Chemotherapy	Cases (n = 10)	Controls (n = 20)
Drugs
Rituximab	5 (50)	9 (45)
Cyclophosphamide	8 (80)	17 (85)
Doxorubicin	5 (50)	15 (75)
Vincristine	8 (80)	17 (85)
Prednisone	6 (60)	17 (85)
Bleomycin	2 (20)	3 (15)
Dacarbazine	1 (10)	2 (10)
Etoposide	4 (40)	3 (15)
Vinblastine	0 (0)	2 (10)
Methotrexate	1 (10)	4 (20)
Ifosfamide	2 (20)	2 (10)
Carboplatin	2 (20)	2 (10)
Dexamethasone	2 (20)	1 (5)
Others	2 (20)	4 (20)
Chemotherapy adjustment	5 (50)b	1 (5)
Radiotherapy	1 (10)	2 (10)
Treatment response
Complete response	4 (40)	10 (50)
Partial response	4 (40)	9 (45)
Stable disease	2 (20)	1 (5)
Disease progression	5 (50)	5 (25)
Relapse	2 (20)	3 (15)
Complications	8 (80)	18 (90)
Hematologic toxicity	6 (60)	18 (90)
Gastrointestinal toxicity	1 (10)	0 (0)
Renal toxicity	1 (10)	0 (0)
Infectious toxicity	1 (10)	0 (0)
Decompensating events	1 (10)	-
Death	7 (70)	8 (40)

Absolute frequencies (%). ^aP < 0.05 vs controls;

^bP < 0.01 vs controls.

Table 5 Numerical data on the survival of the study population

Population	Mean
Case group (wk)	30.66 ± 30.05
Control group (wk)	56.46 ± 51.15
Global (wk)	44.56 ± 43.76

mean ± SD.