Increased incidence of and microbiologic changes in pyogenic liver abscesses in the Mexican population

Table 1 Clinical and laboratory results of patients with pyogenic liver abscess

BMI mean ± SD	27 ± 5
BMI classification	Patients, n (%)
Normal	140 (41)
Overweight	141 (41)
Obesity class 1	43 (12)
Obesity class 2	12 (3)
Obesity class 3	9 (3)
Sign/Symptom
Fever	293 (85)
Right upper quadrant pain	259 (75)
Fatigue	167 (48)
Diarrhea	52 (15)
Laboratory findings	mean ± SD
Hemoglobin, g/dL	11.7 ± 2.48
Leucocyte count, × 103/µL	15.52 ± 10.03
Neutrophil percentage, %	48.48 ± 31.89
Lymphocyte percentage, %	9.73 ± 11.46
Platelet count, K/µL	315 ± 180.4
INR	1.27 ± 0.51
Glucose, mg/dL	130 ± 68.12
Creatinine, mg/dL	1.14 ± 0.83
Sodium, mmol/L	132.3 ± 17.45
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	2.24 ± 2.91
Albumin, g/dL	2.63 ± 2.05
AST, U/L	59.3 ± 73.23
ALT, U/L	57.6 ± 82.09
GGT, U/L	133.5 ± 208.43
AP, U/L	256.37 ± 219.30
Lesion size	n (%)
< 5 cm	54 (16)
5-10 cm	138 (40)
> 10 cm	28 (8)
< 500 mL	77 (22)
≥ 500 mL	48 (14)

This table shows the demographic and clinical characteristics. The most relevant laboratory finding among the liver biochemistry alterations was leukocytosis with an elevated neutrophil count. BMI: Body mass index; INR: International normalized ratio; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; AP: Alkaline phosphatase.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of high-risk mortality variables in patients with pyogenic liver abscess

High-risk variable	Univariate
	Dead	Alive	Total	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age
	52.7 ± 16.7	48.7 ± 16.9			0.02
BMI
	26.2 ± 4.4	27.4 ± 5.3			0.017
T2DM2
Yes	52	35	87	0.8	0.48
No	165	93	258
Immunocompromise1
Yes	30	5	35	3.9	< 0.01
No	187	123	310
E. coli
Yes	3	5	8	0.3	0.13
No	214	123	337
ESBL2-Escherichia coli
Yes	49	6	55	5.9	< 0.01
No	168	122	290
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Yes	24	4	28	3.9	< 0.01
No	193	124	317
Septic shock
Yes	31	19	50	1	< 0.89
No	186	109	295
Total	217	128	345

In univariate analysis, the variables associated with mortality were age, BMI, T2DM, the presence of immunosuppression, ESBL-Escherichia coli, and septic shock.

¹Includes HIV-positive patients and those with underlying malignancy and autoimmune conditions.

²Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. BMI: Body mass index; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of high-risk mortality variables in patients with pyogenic liver abscess

High-risk variable	Multivariate analysis
	Adjusted OR	95%CI	P value
Immunocompromise
Yes	3.9	1.42-10.46	< 0.01
No
ESBL1-Escherichia coli
Yes	6.7	2.7-16.2	< 0.01
No
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Yes	4.8	1.6-14.4	< 0.01
No

In multivariate analysis, the presence of immunocompromise, EBSL-Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae explained 15.8% of the mortality.

¹Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.