Characterization of patients with both alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a large United States cohort

Table 1 Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease and both alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Liver disease	Unweighted frequency	Weighted frequency	Prevalence (95%CI)
NAFLD	5351	38151562	25.9 (25.1, 26.8)
BAFLD	170	1243289	0.84 (0.67, 1.02)
ALD	81	590979	0.40 (0.28, 0.52)

Unweighted population total: 20939; Weighted population total: 147169551. NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BAFLD: Both alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; ALD: Alcoholic liver disease.

Table 2 Demographics and clinical variables

Factor (unit)	NAFLD	BAFLD	P value
Gender, % ± SE			< 0.001
Male	46.9 ± 0.872	75.8 ± 3.91
Current smoker, % ± SE	17.6 ± 0.662	45.3 ± 5.21	< 0.001
BMI, mean ± SE	32.4 ± 0.13	33.1 ± 0.56	< 0.001
Overweight (BMI 25+), % ± SE	100.0 ± 0.00	100.0 ± 0.00
Obese (BMI 30+), % ± SE	57.6 ± 1.04	64.4 ± 4.7	0.18
Severely obese (BMI 40+), % ± SE	11.1 ± 0.63	12.3 ± 3.2	0.7
Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SE	106.5 ± 0.322	111.9 ± 1.31	< 0.001
Average number of drinks/d, mean ± SE	0.26 ± 0.012	4.3 ± 0.221	< 0.001
Central obesity, % ± SE	79.2 ± 0.862	92.3 ± 2.51	< 0.001
HTN (MS), % ± SE	43.5 ± 1.032	74.7 ± 3.81	< 0.001
Diabetes (MS), % ± SE	20.5 ± 0.682	38.1 ± 5.01	< 0.001
Low HDL, % ± SE	47.2 ± 1.05	49.5 ± 4.7	< 0.001
Hypertriglyceridemia, % ± SE	48.5 ± 1.022	82.3 ± 2.91	< 0.001
Metabolic Syndrome, % ± SE	42.6 ± 1.042	91.4 ± 2.61	< 0.001
Platelet count (1000 cells/uL), mean ± SE	261.4 ± 1.22	243.1 ± 5.71	0.007
ALT (U/L), mean ± SE	38.2 ± 0.322	53.1 ± 3.61	< 0.001
AST (U/L), mean ± SE	31.2 ± 0.342	43.3 ± 3.31	< 0.001
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L), mean ± SE	71.4 ± 0.51	76.7 ± 3.4	0.01
Total bilirubin (mg/dL), mean ± SE	0.72 ± 0.01	0.77 ± 0.02	0.007
Creatinine (mg/dL), mean ± SE	0.86 ± 0.00	0.86 ± 0.01	0.15
Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SE	206.8 ± 0.792	224.7 ± 4.31	< 0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL), mean ± SE	186.6 ± 2.82	268.0 ± 17.21	< 0.001
HDL (mg/dL), mean ± SE	48.3 ± 0.30	48.3 ± 1.7	< 0.001
LDL (mg/dL), mean ± SE	121.2 ± 0.71	122.8 ± 4.8	< 0.001
Gamma glutamyl transferase (U/L), mean ± SE	36.6 ± 0.622	94.6 ± 16.41	0.002
Glycohemoglobin (%), mean ± SE	5.6 ± 0.02	5.7 ± 0.09	< 0.001
FIB-4, mean ± SE	0.94 ± 0.012	1.2 ± 0.091	0.001
FIB-4 > 2.67, % ± SE	1.7 ± 0.22	7.1 ± 2.5	0.045

Population weighted means or percentages are presented with corresponding SE.

¹Significantly different from NAFLD;

²Significantly different from BAFLD. Post-hoc comparisons were done using Bonferroni correction. NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BAFLD: Both alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI: body mass index; HTN: Hypertension; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4.