Improved clinical outcomes following embolization of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in cirrhotic patients with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy

Figure 1 Consort diagram of patient selection. EHPSS: Extrahepatic portosystemic shunt; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy.

Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. A: Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival in patients with extrahepatic portosystemic shunt; B: Kaplan-Meier curves for recurrence-free survival in patients with extrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

Figure 3 Angiographic images of splenorenal shunt embolization and mesocaval shunt embolization. A: After a 9-F vascular sheath was placed in the splenorenal shunt, the shunt was accessed coaxially using a 5-F cobra catheter; B: The vascular plug was deployed at the narrowest region of the splenorenal shunt through the vascular sheath and completion venography showed complete occlusion of the splenorenal shunt; C: Transhepatic superior mesenteric venogram showed the large size of mesocaval shunt; D: Coil placement showed complete closure of mesocaval shunt.