• 6-Minute walk test
• Epidemiology
• Exercise capacity
• Field test
• Healthy adults
• Reference equation

• Chronic airways disease
• GERIATRIC MEDICINE
• REHABILITATION MEDICINE

• Humans
• Exercise Test
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Reproducibility of Results
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis
• Walk Test
• Walking

• Clinical trials
• exercise capacity
• exercise tolerance
• health promotion
• health status
• physical rehabilitation
• post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection
• rehabilitation outcome

• Humans
• Cardiac Rehabilitation/methods
• COVID-19/rehabilitation
• Exercise Therapy/methods
• Exercise Tolerance
• Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• SARS-CoV-2
• Walk Test

• Heart failure
• maximum respiratory pressure
• physical fitness
• respiratory muscles

• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Aged
• Middle Aged
• Stroke Volume
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Ventricular Function, Left
• Muscle Strength/physiology
• Heart Failure/diagnosis
• Respiratory Muscles

• charts
• differences
• functional capacity
• older adults
• standards

• Autonomic system
• Brain plasticity
• Cardiovascular function
• Endothelium
• Heart rate recovery
• Older adults
• Transcranial magnetic stimulation

• Adult
• Aging/physiology
• Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Motor Cortex/physiology
• Neuronal Plasticity/physiology
• Regression Analysis
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

• KL2 TR002737 NCATS NIH HHS

• aerobic exercise
• aging adults
• cardiorespiratory fitness
• cognitive enhancement
• exercise engagement

• K12 TR004555 NCATS NIH HHS
• National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences

• Hospital admission and mortality
• Liver cirrhosis
• Six-minute walking test

• exercise
• pulmonary rehabilitation
• respiratory measurement

Extensive evidence supports a link between aerobic exercise and cognitive improvements in aging adults. A major limitation with existing research is the high variability in cognitive response to exercise. Our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that influence this variability and the low adherence to exercise are critical knowledge gaps and major barriers for the systematic implementation of exercise for promoting cognitive health in aging.

We aimed to provide an in-person and remotely delivered intervention study protocol with the main goal of informing the knowledge gap on the mechanistic action of exercise on the brain by characterizing important mechanisms of neuroplasticity, cardiorespiratory fitness response, and genetics proposed to underlie cognitive response to exercise.

This is an open-label, 2-month, interventional study protocol in neurologically healthy sedentary adults. This study was delivered fully in-person and in remote options. Participants underwent a total of 30 sessions, including the screening session, 3 pretest (baseline) assessments, 24 moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise sessions, and 3 posttest assessments. We recruited participants aged 55 years and above, sedentary, and cognitively healthy. Primary outcomes were neuroplasticity, cognitive function, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Secondary outcomes included genetic factors, endothelium function, functional mobility and postural control, exercise questionnaires, depression, and sleep. We also explored study feasibility, exercise adherence, technology adaptability, and compliance of both in-person and remote protocols.

The recruitment phase and data collection of this study have concluded. Results are expected to be published by the end of 2021 or in early 2022.

The data generated in these studies will introduce tangible parameters to guide the development of personalized exercise prescription models for maximal cognitive benefit in aging adults. Successful completion of the specific aims will enable researchers to acquire the appropriate expertise to design and conduct studies by testing personalized exercise interventions in person and remotely delivered, likely to be more effective at promoting cognitive health in aging adults.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03804528; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03804528

RR1-10.2196/33589

• aging adult
• brain health
• cardiorespiratory fitness
• cardiovascular function
• cognition
• exercise
• neuroplasticity
• telehealth
• trophic factors

• Illinois agility test
• fitness
• hand-grip strength
• referee
• soccer

• 6-min walk test
• COPD
• Functional capacity
• Soluble TNF-α receptor
• Superoxide dismutase

• Aerobic capacity
• Lung cancer
• Perioperative care
• Prehabilitation
• Preoperative risk assessment

• Adult
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/complications
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
• Exercise Test
• Humans
• Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Lung Neoplasms/therapy
• Physical Functional Performance
• Postoperative Complications/diagnosis
• Postoperative Complications/epidemiology
• Postoperative Complications/etiology

• Adult
• Age Factors
• Body Mass Index
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Environment Design
• Exercise
• Female
• Healthy Volunteers
• Humans
• Male
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Reference Standards
• Regression Analysis
• Sex Factors
• Spirometry
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Walk Test/standards
• Young Adult

Effective disease management for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) includes the encouragement of physical activity. Physical function capacity in PLWH may be influenced by a variety of factors.

This study describes the physical function capacity as assessed with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) of an urban cohort of PLWH and determined whether a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), anthropometric measures, age and gender predicted distance walked.

Secondary data collected from 84 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy were analysed. Information included 6MWT distance, anthropometric measurements and demographic profiles. Descriptive and inferential statistics were undertaken on the data. A regression analysis determined predictive factors for 6MWT distance achieved. Significance was set at a p-value of ≤ 0.05.

The study consisted of 66 (78.6%) women and 18 (21.4%) men with a mean age of 39.1 (± 9.2) years. The 6MWT distance of the cohort was 544.3 (± 64.4) m with men walking further (602.8 [± 58.6] m) than women (528.3 [± 56.4] m); however, women experienced greater effort. The majority of the sample did not report a history of PTB (n = 67; 79.8%). Age, gender and anthropometric measures were associated with 6MWT distance, but of low to moderate strength. The regression equation generated included age and gender. This model was statistically significant (p < 0.00) and accounted for 34% of the total variance observed.

Age and gender were predictive factors of physical function capacity and women experienced greater effort.

This study provides information on the physical function capacity of PLWH and a suggested 6MWT reference equation for PLWH in South Africa.

• 6-min walk test
• HIV
• exercise tolerance
• physical function capacity
• pulmonary tuberculosis
• reference equation

Reduced functional ability and exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure (HF) are associated with poor quality of life and a worse prognosis. The 6-minute walking test (6MWT) is a widely available and well-tolerated test for the assessment of the functional capacity of patients with HF. Although the cardiopulmonary exercise test (a maximal exercise test) remains the gold standard for the evaluation of exercise capacity in patients with HF, the 6MWT (submaximal exercise test) may provide reliable information about the patient’s daily activity. The current review summarizes the value of 6MWT in patients with HF and identifies its usefulness and limitations in everyday clinical practice in populations of HF. We aimed to investigate potential associations of 6MWD with other measures of functional status and determinants of 6MWD in patients with HF as well as to review its prognostic role and changes to various interventions in these patients.

• 6-minute walking test
• functional capacity
• heart failure
• heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

• Exercise
• Healthy young adults
• Performance
• Respiratory function tests

• Adult
• Body Mass Index
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Dyspnea/epidemiology
• Exercise/physiology
• Exercise Tolerance/physiology
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Reference Values
• Respiratory Function Tests
• Walk Test
• Young Adult

• Adolescents
• Cardiorespiratory fitness
• Children
• Field tests
• Predictive equation

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Cardiorespiratory Fitness
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Exercise Test
• Female
• Heart Rate
• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Oxygen Consumption/physiology
• Walk Test/methods
• Women's Health
• Young Adult

• Decision support techniques
• Disability evaluation
• Exercise
• Hypertension
• Rehabilitation

• Adult
• Age Factors
• Aged
• Body Weights and Measures
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Exercise/physiology
• Exercise Tolerance/physiology
• Female
• Hemodynamics
• Humans
• Hypertension/physiopathology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Reference Values
• Sex Factors
• Walk Test/methods
• Walk Test/standards

• Exercise test
• Incremental shuttle walk test
• Reference value
• Statistical regression

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Asian People
• Body Constitution
• Body Mass Index
• Exercise Tolerance
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Reference Values
• Sensitivity and Specificity
• Walk Test/methods
• Walking/physiology
• Young Adult

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) manifests itself in complex ways, with local and systemic effects; because of this, a multifactorial approach is needed for disease evaluation, in order to understand its severity and impact on each individual. Thus, our objective was to study the correlation between easily accessible variables, usually available in clinical practice, and maximum aerobic capacity, and to determine models for peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) estimation in COPD patients.

Individuals with COPD were selected for the study. At the first visit, clinical evaluation was performed. During the second visit, the volunteers were subjected to the cardiopulmonary exercise test. To determine the correlation coefficient of VO₂peak with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) (% pred.) and the COPD Assessment Test score (CATs), Pearson or Spearman tests were performed. VO₂ at the peak of the exercise was estimated from the clinical variables by simple and multiple linear regression analyses.

A total of 249 subjects were selected, 27 of whom were included after screening (gender: 21M/5F; age: 65.0±7.3 years; body mass index: 26.6±5.0 kg/m²; FEV₁ (% pred.): 56.4±15.7, CAT: 12.4±7.4). Mean VO₂ peak was 12.8±3.0 mL⋅kg⁻¹⋅min⁻¹ and VO₂peak (% pred.) was 62.1%±14.9%. VO₂peak presented a strong positive correlation with FEV₁ (% pred.), r: 0.70, and a moderate negative correlation with the CATs, r: -0.54. In the VO₂peak estimation model based on the CAT (estimated VO₂peak =15.148− [0.185× CATs]), the index explained 20% of the variance, with estimated error of 2.826 mL⋅kg⁻¹⋅min⁻¹. In the VO₂peak estimation model based on FEV₁ (estimated VO₂peak =6.490+ [0.113× FEV₁]), the variable explained 50% of the variance, with an estimated error of 2.231 mL⋅kg⁻¹⋅min⁻¹. In the VO₂peak estimation model based on CATs and FEV₁ (estimated VO₂peak =8.441− [0.0999× CAT] + [0.1000× FEV₁]), the variables explained 55% of the variance, with an estimated error of 2.156 mL⋅kg⁻¹⋅min⁻¹.

COPD patients’ maximum aerobic capacity has a significant correlation with easily accessible and widely used clinical variables, such as the CATs and FEV₁, which can be used to estimate peak VO₂.

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• exercise
• oxygen uptake
• symptoms

• 6-Min walk distance
• 6-Min walk test
• Exercise test
• Healthy subjects
• Reference equations
• Walk test

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Anthropometry/methods
• Exercise Tolerance/physiology
• Female
• Healthy Volunteers/statistics & numerical data
• Heart Rate/physiology
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Portugal/epidemiology
• Prospective Studies
• Respiratory Function Tests/methods
• Walk Test/methods
• Walk Test/standards
• White People/ethnology
• Young Adult

• Chronic obstructive
• Exercise test
• Exercise tolerance
• Pulmonary disease
• Reference values
• Walk test

• Brazil
• Exercise
• Men
• Physiotherapy
• Predictive value of tests

• Cardiovascular
• Fitness testing
• Physical fitness
• Rehabilitation
• Walking

• British Heart Foundation (BHF) Cardiovascular Care and Education Research Group

: To determine whether a restrictive pattern on spirometry is associated with the level of physical activity in daily life (PADL), as well as with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, in asymptomatic adults.

: A total of 374 participants (mean age, 41 ± 14 years) underwent spirometry, which included the determination of FVC and FEV₁. A restrictive pattern on spirometry was defined as an FEV₁/FVC ratio > 0.7 and an FVC < 80% of the predicted value. After conducting demographic, anthropometric, and CVD risk assessments, we evaluated body composition, muscle function, and postural balance, as well as performing cardiopulmonary exercise testing and administering the six-minute walk test. The PADL was quantified with a triaxial accelerometer.

: A restrictive pattern on spirometry was found in 10% of the subjects. After multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for confounders (PADL and cardiorespiratory fitness), the following variables retained significance (OR; 95% CI) as predictors of a restrictive pattern: systemic arterial hypertension (17.5; 1.65-184.8), smoking (11.6; 1.56-87.5), physical inactivity (8.1; 1.43-46.4), larger center-of-pressure area while standing on a force platform (1.34; 1.05-1.71); and dyslipidemia (1.89; 1.12-1.98).

: A restrictive pattern on spirometry appears to be common in asymptomatic adults. We found that CVD risk factors, especially systemic arterial hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity, were directly associated with a restrictive pattern, even when the analysis was adjusted for PADL and cardiorespiratory fitness. Longitudinal studies are needed in order to improve understanding of the etiology of a restrictive pattern as well as to aid in the design of preventive strategies.

• Cardiovascular disease
• GAMLSS
• centiles
• functional capacity

To assess functional capacity in the preoperative phase of pulmonary surgery by comparing predicted and obtained values for the six-minute walk test (6MWT) in patients with and without postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC)

Twenty-one patients in the preoperative phase of open thoracotomy were evaluated using the 6MWT, followed by monitoring of the postoperative evolution of each participant who underwent the routine treatment. Participants were then divided into two groups: the group with PPC and the group without PPC. The results were also compared with the predicted values using reference equations for the 6MWT

Over half (57.14%) of patients developed PPC. The 6MWT was associated with the odds for PPC (odds ratio=22, p=0.01); the group without PPC in the postoperative period walked 422.38 (SD=72.18) meters during the 6MWT, while the group with PPC walked an average of 340.89 (SD=100.93) meters (p=0.02). The distance traveled by the group without PPC was 80% of the predicted value, whereas the group with PPC averaged less than 70% (p=0.03), with more appropriate predicted values for the reference equations

The 6MWT is an easy, safe, and feasible test for routine preoperative evaluation in pulmonary surgery and may indicate patients with a higher chance of developing PPC.

• 6-min walk test
• 6MWD predicted values
• 6MWD reference equations
• COPD
• exercise capacity

The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is a simple field test that is widely used in clinical settings to assess functional exercise capacity. However, studies with healthy subjects are scarce. We hypothesized that the 6MWT might be useful to assess exercise capacity in healthy subjects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 6MWT intensity in middle-aged and older adults, as well as to develop a simple equation to predict oxygen uptake (V˙O2) from the 6-min walk distance (6MWD). Eighty-six participants, 40 men and 46 women, 40-74 years of age and with a mean body mass index of 28±6 kg/m², performed the 6MWT according to American Thoracic Society guidelines. Physiological responses were evaluated during the 6MWT using a K4b2 Cosmed telemetry gas analyzer. On a different occasion, the subjects performed ramp protocol cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a treadmill. Peak V˙O2 in the 6MWT corresponded to 78±13% of the peak V˙O2 during CPET, and the maximum heart rate corresponded to 80±23% of that obtained in CPET. Peak V˙O2 in CPET was adequately predicted by the 6MWD by a linear regression equation: V˙O2 mL·min^-1·kg^-1 = -2.863 + (0.0563×6MWD_m) (R²=0.76). The 6MWT represents a moderate-to-high intensity activity in middle-aged and older adults and proved to be useful for predicting cardiorespiratory fitness in the present study. Our results suggest that the 6MWT may also be useful in asymptomatic individuals, and its use in walk-based conditioning programs should be encouraged.

The application of the Shuttle Walking Test (SWT) to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and the intensity of this test in healthy participants has rarely been studied. This study aimed to assess and correlate the cardiorespiratory responses of the SWT with the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CEPT) and to develop a regression equation for the prediction of peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) in healthy sedentary adult men.

In the first stage of this study, 12 participants underwent the SWT and the CEPT on a treadmill. In the second stage, 53 participants underwent the SWT twice. In both phases, the VO2 peak, respiratory exchange ratio (R), and heart rate (HR) were evaluated.

Similar results in VO2 peak (P>0.05), R peak (P>0.05) and predicted maximum HR (P>0.05) were obtained between the SWT and CEPT. Both tests showed strong and significant correlations of VO2 peak (r = 0.704, P = 0.01) and R peak (r = 0.737, P<0.01), as well as the agreement of these measurements by Bland-Altman analysis. Body mass index and gait speed were the variables that explained 40.6% (R2 = 0.406, P = 0.001) of the variance in VO2 peak. The results obtained by the equation were compared with the values obtained by the gas analyzer and no significant difference between them (P>0.05) was found.

The SWT produced maximal cardiorespiratory responses comparable to the CEPT, and the developed equation showed viability for the prediction of VO2 peak in healthy sedentary men.

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Heart/physiology
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Oxygen/metabolism
• Respiratory Transport/physiology
• Walking/physiology

• Reference values
• Rehabilitation
• Review
• Walking

• Exercise Test/statistics & numerical data
• Humans
• Reference Values
• Time Factors
• Walking

• KRS-108449 Canadian Institutes of Health Research

• Exercise test
• Exercise tolerance
• Heart rate

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Age Factors
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Body Mass Index
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Dyspnea/physiopathology
• Exercise Test/methods
• Fatigue/physiopathology
• Female
• Healthy Volunteers
• Heart Rate
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Oxygen Consumption
• Physical Therapy Modalities
• Reference Values
• Sex Factors
• Walking/physiology
• Young Adult