• Arthritis
• Atherosclerosis
• Psoriasis
• Psoriatic
• Resistin

• Humans
• Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnostic imaging
• Arthritis, Psoriatic/complications
• Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
• Resistin
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Psoriasis/complications
• Risk Factors
• Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging
• Atherosclerosis/complications

• metabolic syndrome
• nutritional assessment
• nutritional status
• plaque psoriasis
• scoping review

• Humans
• Nutritional Status
• Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Nutrition Assessment
• Vitamins
• Psoriasis/complications
• Malnutrition/diagnosis

• GGPM-2020-024 Centre for Research and Instrumentation, National University of Malaysia

• adiponectin
• atopic dermatitis
• biomarker

• 2019R1G1A1099307 National Research Foundation of Korea

Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. Due to systemic inflammation, it is associated with many comorbidities. Among them, cardiovascular diseases represent the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in this population. Therefore, physicians treating patients with psoriasis should keep in mind that, as important as the treatment of psoriasis, awareness of cardiovascular risk deserves additional attention. Thus, in parallel with psoriasis treatment, a cardiovascular risk assessment must also be performed and addressed accordingly. In addition to encouraging non-pharmacologic strategies for a healthy lifestyle, physicians should be familiar with different pharmacologic options that can target psoriasis and reduce cardiovascular risk. In the present article, we present the pathophysiological mechanisms of the psoriasis and cardiometabolic interplay, our view on the interaction of psoriasis and cardiovascular disease, review the atherosclerotic effect of therapeutic options used in psoriasis, and vice versa, i.e., what the effect of medications used in the prevention of atherosclerosis could be on psoriasis.

• antipsoriatic treatment
• atherosclerosis
• cardiometabolic risk
• cardiometabolic treatment
• psoriasis

• Atherosclerosis/complications
• Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
• Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy
• Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
• Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
• Comorbidity
• Humans
• Inflammation/complications
• Psoriasis/complications
• Psoriasis/drug therapy
• Risk Factors

• Immune system
• Leptin
• Obesity
• Psoriasis
• Skin disease

• adiponectin
• leptin
• obesity
• psoriasis

• Adiponectin/blood
• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Body Mass Index
• Body Weight
• Case-Control Studies
• Comorbidity
• Cytokines/blood
• Female
• Humans
• Hypertension/epidemiology
• Leptin/blood
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Obesity/blood
• Obesity/epidemiology
• Overweight/blood
• Prevalence
• Psoriasis/blood
• Psoriasis/epidemiology
• Severity of Illness Index
• Young Adult

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology.

To measure serum ghrelin levels in BD patients and healthy controls and to investigate its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Thirty BD patients and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Ghrelin levels were measured in blood samples using ELISA.

The mean serum ghrelin level in BD patients (28.57 ±14.04) was significantly lower compared to healthy controls (40.72 ±23.21) (p = 0.01). The mean serum ghrelin level in BD patients who had MetS (24.18 ±12.73) was lower compared to BD patients who did not have MetS (30.77 ±14.45), but this difference was not significant (p > 0.05).

Ghrelin levels were lower in BD patients compared to healthy controls. There was no association between reduced ghrelin levels and MetS; however, there was a negative correlation between ghrelin levels and disease activity.

• Behcet’s disease
• ghrelin
• insulin resistance
• metabolic syndrome

The presented article studies the role of selected inflammatory and anti-inflammatory serum markers of psoriatic patients in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS) and psoriasis. The study is based on the comparison between the group of psoriatic patients (74) and the control group (65). We found significantly higher BMI (p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) in the psoriatic patients. The values of waist circumference and BMI were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the male patients compared to the men in the control group. The analysis revealed significantly higher CRP (p < 0.001), Lp-PLA2 (p < 0.001), leptin (p < 0.01), and resistin (p < 0.01) levels in the psoriatic patients. Significantly higher levels of CRP (p < 0.01), Lp-PLA2 (p < 0.001), leptin (p < 0.01), and resistin (p < 0.05) were found in the patients with MS compared to the controls with MS. The level of adiponectin was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the patients with MS. Finally, we found significantly higher level of Lp-PLA2 (p < 0.001) in the group of patients without MS compared to the controls without MS. In conclusion, observed inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers (CRP, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and Lp-PLA2) are involved in both pathogenesis of MS and pathogenesis of psoriasis. The level of Lp-PLA2 indicates the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis (cardiovascular risk) in psoriatic patients.

• Adiponectin/blood
• Adult
• Aged
• Biomarkers
• Body Mass Index
• C-Reactive Protein/analysis
• Female
• Humans
• Leptin/blood
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Ointments
• Psoriasis/blood
• Psoriasis/drug therapy
• Severity of Illness Index

Recent studies implicate adipokines in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. In this study we evaluated the significance of serum resistin levels in psoriasis patients using a meta-analysis approach.223

Relevant articles were retrieved by searching the following English and Chinese databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Springer Link, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The retrieved studies were subjected to a thorough screening procedure to identify case–control studies that contained the required data. Data was extracted from each study and Version 12.0 STATA statistical software was employed for statistical analyses.

Nine case–control studies, containing 421 psoriasis patients and 348 healthy controls, were included in this study. The major result of the meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant association between serum resistin levels and psoriasis (SMD = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.14-3.29, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity showed that, compared to the healthy controls, serum resistin levels were markedly higher in psoriasis patients in both Asian and Caucasian populations (Asians: SMD = 3.27, 95%CI = 1.62 ~ 4.91, P < 0.001; Caucasians: SMD = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.28 ~ 1.54, P < 0.001).

Based on our results, we conclude that serum resistin level in psoriasis patients is higher than healthy controls, and raises the possibility that elevated serum resistin levels may be a novel diagnostic marker in psoriasis and may predict the occurrence of co-morbidities in psoriasis patients.

• adipokines
• adiponectin
• leptin
• psoriasis
• psoriasis severity

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated skin diseases which is frequently associated to comorbidities. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as an excessive accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes and includes a wide spectrum of liver conditions ranging from relatively benign steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with fatty infiltration and lobular inflammation and to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Actually, psoriasis is considered a systemic diseases associated to comorbidities, as metabolic syndrome and NAFLD is seen the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The possible link between psoriasis, obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are known risk factors for NAFLD has been recently documented focusing in the crucial role of the adipose tissue in the development of the inflammatory background sharing by the above entities. According to recent data, patients with psoriasis show a greater prevalence of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome than the general population. Moreover, patients with NAFLD and psoriasis are at higher risk of severe liver fibrosis than those with NAFLD and without psoriasis. The link between these pathological conditions appears to be a chronic low-grade inflammatory status. The aim of this review is to focus on the multiple aspects linking NAFLD and psoriasis, only apparently far diseases.

• Psoriasis
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Adipose tissue
• Adipocytokines
• Biologic therapies
• Non-biologic therapies

• Adipokines
• adiponectin
• leptin
• psoriasis
• psoriasis therapy

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory cutaneous disease. Psoriasis patients alternate between periods of remission and periods of exacerbation of the disease. Usually, psoriasis severity is clinically evaluated using tools like Psoriasis Area and Severity Index that present some limitations and subjectivity. Clinicians select the therapy according to psoriasis severity, aiming that patients achieve longer remission periods and improve their quality of life. Biological markers for diagnosis and prognosis of psoriasis help to establish its severity and to monitor the therapeutic response; moreover, biomarkers of psoriasis assist clinicians in their therapeutic decision to treat psoriasis and to choose earlier and more adequate therapeutic strategies, avoiding or minimising worsening of psoriasis. With these markers, they would be able to monitor therapeutics, avoiding unnecessary therapeutic surcharge or changes to a more aggressive therapy. As any attempt to identify these biomarkers should be encouraged, in this review, we will debate published data concerning the proposal of biomarkers to evaluate severity and response to treatment of psoriasis vulgaris.

• Psoriasis
• Severity
• Monitorization
• Markers
• Inflammation

Psoriasis is a lifelong disorder characterized by approximately 8-fold reduction of the duration of normal skin keratinocyte cell cycle and 2-fold increase of the number of dividing cells. Multiple genes, several environmental factors, and immune system alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Hyperleptinemia is associated with psoriasis and leptin acts as an angiogenic factor. Angiogenetic processes precede the epidermal hyperplasia in psoriasis, indicating possible involvement of leptin in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Leptin gene polymorphisms and their association with psoriasis have been given very little attention. We present a study of the rs2060713C/T genetic polymorphism in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris in 263 vulgaris patients and 252 unrelated matched healthy controls. No statistically significant differences were observed between patients and controls. A statistically nonsignificant trend was observed in males with the early onset type of psoriasis (11.1% C/T in patients versus 5.6% in controls) and in females with the late onset type of the disease (12.8% C/T in patients versus 3.3% in controls). Still, there is no hard evidence on correlation of psoriasis vulgaris with this polymorphism. Possible association with specific forms of the disease and either gender needs further investigation in larger studies.

Psoriasis has been lately seen as a potential systemic inflammatory disease associated with a range of co-morbidities exhibiting an overlapping pathology and presenting a great social health impact such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic diseases, including obesity. Adipose tissue is considered a genuine endocrine organ producing a variety of bioactive adipocytokines, like leptin, adiponectin, resistin and visfatin, participating in physiological and pathological processes, such as energy balance, insulin sensitivity and resistance, immunity, inflammation, hematopoiesis and angiogenesis. Adipocytokines could serve as a missing link in the association between psoriasis, obesity and metabolic co-morbidities. In chronic inflammatory disease states such as psoriasis, adipocytokines may be implicated in psoriasis onset, progression, severity as well as in the pathogenesis of co-morbidities. Measuring serum adipocytokine levels in the future may be useful in predicting psoriasis severity, progression, treatment outcome and risk of any co-morbidities. Interventions to decrease pro-inflammatory adipocytokine levels could offer preventive and therapeutic options for improving psoriasis severity and protecting against its co-morbidities. Candidate strategic interventions incorporate increased physical activity, weight control and pharmacologic approaches such as metformin. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of adipocytokines in psoriasis as well as their potential diagnostic, prognostic and/or therapeutic utility require further investigation with larger prospective, longitudinal and mechanistic studies.

• Psoriasis
• Adipocytokine
• Obesity
• Leptin
• Adiponectin
• Omentin
• Resistin
• Visfatin

• APN
• Adipokines
• Adipose tissue
• BMI
• COPD
• CVD
• Disease
• GVHD
• Immunity
• Inflammation
• LPS
• MW
• PPAR
• TLR
• adiponectin
• body mass index
• cardiovascular disease
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• graft-versus-host disease
• lipopolysaccharide
• molecular weight
• peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
• toll-like receptor