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AL-Mhanna SB, Wan Ghazali WS, Mohamed M, Sheikh AM, Tabnjh AK, Afolabi H, Mutalub YB, Adeoye AO, Mohamed Nur M, Aldhahi MI. Evaluation of physical activity among undergraduate students in Mogadishu Universities in the aftermath of COVID-19 restrictions. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14131. [PMID: 36248716 PMCID: PMC9558621 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background International restrictions were enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic to limit social interaction and viral transmission. These measures had a negative impact on physical activity (PA), creating changes in students' health and lifestyles. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of PA among undergraduate students in three different universities in Mogadishu after the relaxation of COVID-19 lockdown using the international physical activity questionnaire-long version (IPAQ-L) and its potential associated factors. Methods This study is a multicentral study conducted at Somali International University, Horn of Africa University, and Daha International University. A total of 1,189 respondents were asked to answer the online questionnaire provided via a link shared using their social media. Results After COVID-19 restrictions approximately ≥ 150 minutes of PA per week was reported by 500 men (97.3%) and 652 women (96.6%) at work. While 7 (1.4%) of men and 20 (3%) of women participate in < 150 minutes each week, respectively. Furthermore, only seven (1.4%) of males and three (0.4%) of women reported to have not performed any PA at work. Conclusion The majority of the undergraduate students at the selected universities in Mogadishu were physically active after the relaxation of COVID-19 rules in Somalia. Such a high level of PA is a significant advantage to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Badri AL-Mhanna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syaheedah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - HafeezAbiola Afolabi
- Department of General Surgery, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yahkub Babatunde Mutalub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Azeez Omoniyi Adeoye
- Anatomy Department, Kampala International University, Bushenyi-Uganda, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Mariam Mohamed Nur
- Faculty of Health Science, Somali International University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Monira I. Aldhahi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Malaguti C, Mourão-Junior CA, Chebli JM. Reply to "Six-minute walking test performance is associated with survival in cirrhotic patients" to the editor. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1047-1049. [PMID: 35721292 PMCID: PMC9157707 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of the six-minute walk test has been proposed as a prognostic marker in liver cirrhosis. In the Letter to the Editor presented here, the authors highlight some important points, which were raised after the article was published in the November issue of the World Journal of Hepatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Malaguti
- Departament of Cardiorespiratory and Skeletal Muscle, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-634, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Júlio Maria Chebli
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-634, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Reply to "Six-minute walking test performance is associated with survival in cirrhotic patients" to the editor. World J Hepatol 2022. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Herbert J, Matłosz P, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Przednowek K, Asif M, Wyszyńska J. Weekday and Weekend Physical Activity of Preschool Children in Relation to Selected Socioeconomic Indicators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4999. [PMID: 35564395 PMCID: PMC9099735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is as vital for improving the health of young children as it is positively associated with a broad range of psychological, cognitive, and cardio-metabolic outcomes. The aims of this study were to: (1) to assess the level of PA and meeting the WHO recommendations: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the number of steps in Polish preschool boys and girls on weekdays and on weekends; (2) to investigate the relationship between selected socioeconomic indicators (self-reported by parents) and PA, including meeting the WHO recommendation for daily MVPA and the number of steps on weekdays and on weekends among Polish preschoolers. Data were collected in the 2017/2018 school year. The study included a total of 522 boys and girls both aged between 5 and 6 years. The ActiGraph GT3X-BT tri-axial accelerometer was used to measure PA. Selected socioeconomic indicators as well as parental body weight and body height were self-reported by parents/caregivers using a questionnaire. In most of the PA indicators analyzed for girls (moderate, vigorous, total MVPA, and steps/day), the averages were higher during the week than during the weekend. Moreover, significantly more boys met the criteria of MVPA, both on weekdays and over the weekend (32.3% boys and 19.2% girls on weekdays and 31.1% boys and 18.1% girls on weekends). Additionally, more boys met the step recommendations, but only on weekends (15.5% boys and 6.6% girls). It was found that if there were two people in a household, there was an almost a three-fold greater chance (adj. OR = 2.94, p = 0.032) of meeting the MVPA criterion with an even stronger association (over fivefold greater chance) in meeting the step recommendation (adj. OR = 5.56, p = 0.033). The differences in the day schedule may potentially contribute with the level of PA in girls. Among the analyzed selected socioeconomic indicators, only the number of people in a household had a significant association on PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Herbert
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (P.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Piotr Matłosz
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (P.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Krzysztof Przednowek
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (P.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Govt. Associate College Qadir Pur Raan, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Justyna Wyszyńska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
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Mason MR, Hudgins JH, Campbell MS, Biddle MJ, Ickes MJ, Dugan A, Bollinger LM. Changes in physical activity during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:116-124. [PMID: 34503395 PMCID: PMC8831426 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1976569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic response limited access to many traditional forms of physical activity (PA). Purpose:To assess changes in objectively measured PAofUniversity staff during the initial stageofthe COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We implemented a repeated measures natural experiment design. PA data (walking distance, steps∙d#x2D;1, and Moderate#x2D;to#x2D;Vigorous PA (MVPA) time) from commercial grade triaxial accelerometers were collected from employees (N#x3D;625) of a large, public university in the southeast United States during the months of Jan#x2D;May in calendar years 2019 and 2020. RESULTS Walking distance (6#x2D;9#x25;, p#x3C;0.001) and steps∙d#x2D;1(7#x2D;11#x25;, p#x3C;0.001) were lower during April and May 2020 compared to 2019. However, MVPA time was not significantly different among calendar years for the months of March#x2D;May. Steps∙d#x2D;1significantly decreased after WHO's worldwide pandemic declaration (10,348#xB1;171 v. 9551#xB1;156 steps∙d#x2D;1, p#x3C;0.001) and campus closure (10,100#xB1;160 v. 9,186#xB1;167 steps∙d#x2D;1, p#x3C;0.001). Conversely, steps∙d#x2D;1significantly increased after implementation of the state's "Healthy at Home" order (9,693#xB1;177 vs. 10,156#xB1;185 steps∙d#x2D;1, p#x3C;0.001). CONCLUSION A decrease in daily steps, but not MVPA, suggests increased sedentary behavior, not reduced participation in exercise, during the early stages of the COVID#x2D;19 pandemic. Specific pandemic response policies may positively or negatively affect PA and sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ryan Mason
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - James H Hudgins
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Marilyn S Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Mindy J Ickes
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Adam Dugan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Lance M Bollinger
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Sumimoto Y, Yanagita M, Miyamatsu N, Okuda N, Nishi N, Nakamura Y, Nakamura K, Miyagawa N, Miyachi M, Kadota A, Ohkubo T, Okamura T, Ueshima H, Okayama A, Miura K, for NIPPON DATA2010 Research Group. Association between socioeconomic status and physical inactivity in a general Japanese population: NIPPON DATA2010. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254706. [PMID: 34265008 PMCID: PMC8282078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower socioeconomic status (SES) may be related to inactivity lifestyle; however, the association between SES and physical inactivity has not been sufficiently investigated in Japan. METHODS The study population is the participants of NIPPON DATA2010, which is a prospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010 in Japan. They were residents in 300 randomly selected areas across Japan. This study included 2,609 adults. Physical activity was assessed by physical activity index (PAI) calculated from activity intensity and time. The lowest tertile of PAI for each 10-year age class and sex was defined as physical inactivity. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of SES (employment status, educational attainment, living status, and equivalent household expenditure (EHE)) with physical inactivity. RESULTS In the distribution of PAI by age classes and sex, the highest median PAI was aged 30-39 years among men (median 38.6), aged 40-49 years among women (38.0), and median PAI was decreased with increasing age. Multivariable-adjusted model shows that not working was significantly associated with physical inactivity after adjustment for age in all age groups and sexes. Not living with spouse for adult women and elderly men was significantly associated with physical inactivity compared to those who living with spouse. However, neither educational attainment nor EHE had any significant associations with physical inactivity. CONCLUSIONS The result indicated that physical inactivity was associated with SES in a general Japanese population. SES of individuals need to be considered in order to prevent inactivity lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sumimoto
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yanagita
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Miyamatsu
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosikazu Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Hutzler Y, Tesler R, Ng K, Barak S, Kazula H, Harel-Fisch Y. Physical activity, sedentary screen time and bullying behaviors: exploring differences between adolescents with and without disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2021.1875852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshayahu Hutzler
- Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
- Israel Sport Center for the Disabled, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Riki Tesler
- Department of Health Systems Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Kwok Ng
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Finland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick Ireland
| | - Sharon Barak
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan
- Kaye Academic College of Education, Physical Education, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- College of Public Health, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hadas Kazula
- Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Yossi Harel-Fisch
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Leisure-Time Physical Inactivity’s Association With Environmental, Demographic, and Lifestyle Factors in the United States. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:412-422. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study examined the effects of environmental, demographic, and lifestyle factors on leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI). Methods: Analyses were based on county-level data in the contiguous United States. Statistical methods included simple regression, univariate, and multivariate 2-level organizational models (mixed models), and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: Higher average daily maximum air temperature was directly and indirectly (through smoking and obesity) positively associated with LTPI. Higher average fine particulate matter was positively associated with LTPI. Higher precipitation was negatively associated with LTPI. Altitude (≥1500 m) was associated with lower LTPI, directly because of better physical health at higher altitude and indirectly through temperature, fine particulate matter, precipitation, poverty, smoking, and obesity. Urban dwelling had direct and indirect (through poverty) negative associations with LTPI. Poverty had direct and indirect (through smoking and obesity) associations with LTPI. Smoking, poverty, and black race were each positively associated with LTPI. The association between black race and LTPI was explained by poverty. Modifying influences of gender, precipitation, and altitude were identified. Conclusions: The significant effects of temperature, fine particulate matter, precipitation, altitude, urban dwelling, poverty, smoking, and obesity on LTPI were both direct and indirect, and sex, precipitation, and altitude modified many of these associations.
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Merrill RM. Explaining the Inverse Association between Altitude and Obesity. J Obes 2020; 2020:1946723. [PMID: 32566273 PMCID: PMC7285248 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1946723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To better understand the inverse association between altitude and adult obesity. METHODS An ecological study design was used, involving 3,108 counties in the contiguous United States. Data were from several national sources, and assessment involved various statistical techniques, including multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Living in counties at higher altitude is associated with lower adult obesity. Compared with counties <500 meters, the percent of adult obesity decreases by 5.18% at 500-999 meters, 9.69% at 1,000-1,499 meters, 16.77% at 1,500-1,999 meters, 24.14% at 2,000-2,499 meters, and 35.28% at ≥2,500 meters. After adjusting for physical inactivity, smoking, and other variables, corresponding decreases in adult obesity with higher altitude groupings are 3.87%, 5.64%, 8.03%, 11.41%, and 17.54%, respectively. Various mechanisms are presented as possible explanations for the association between higher altitude and lower obesity. In addition, altitude may indirectly influence adult obesity, primarily through its relationship with physical inactivity and smoking. In an adjusted regression model, adult obesity was most strongly associated with physical inactivity followed by adult smoking and then altitude. Together they explain 39.04% of the variation in adult obesity. After accounting for these variables, sunlight, precipitation, ambient air temperature, education, income, food insecurity, limited access to healthy foods, race, sex, and rural living explain an additional 4.68% of the variation in adult obesity. CONCLUSIONS The inverse association between altitude and adult obesity remains significant after adjustment for several variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray M. Merrill
- Department of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
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Lindgren A, Dunberger G, Steineck G, Bergmark K, Enblom A. Identifying female pelvic cancer survivors with low levels of physical activity after radiotherapy: women with fecal and urinary leakage need additional support. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:2669-2681. [PMID: 31641868 PMCID: PMC7181502 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the frequency of physical activity among female pelvic cancer survivors (i.e., gynecological, rectal, and anal cancer survivors) and to investigate if survivors who practiced physical activity less than once a week differed from survivors practicing physical activity at least once a week with respect to urinary and fecal leakage, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life (QoL), and depressed and anxious mood. Methods Female pelvic cancer survivors (n = 578, mean age 64 years) answered a questionnaire 6–48 months after radiotherapy. A multivariable regression model analyzed factors covarying with frequency of physical activity. We compared QoL and depressed and anxious mood between women practicing physical activity at least or less than once a week. Results Of 568 women delivering data, 186 (33%) practiced physical activity less than once a week while 382 (67%) practiced physical activity at least weekly. Women who leaked a large or all volume of stools (p = 0.01), had just elementary school level of education (p < 0.001), smokers (p = 0.049), or had lymphedema without receiving lymphedema treatment (p = 0.030) were more likely to practice physical activity less than weekly (50%, 45%, 45%, and 37%, respectively) compared with other women. Women practicing physical activity at least weekly reported better QoL (p < 0.001) and lower frequency of depressed mood (p = 0.044) compared with the others. Conclusions Female cancer survivors experiencing fecal leakage were less likely to practice weekly physical activity than survivors without leakage. The survivors practicing weekly physical activity experienced better QoL and experienced depressed mood less frequently than the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lindgren
- County Council of Östergötland and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - G Dunberger
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Steineck
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Bergmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Enblom
- County Council of Östergötland, Activity and Health and Division of Coordinated Cancer Evaluation, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Mabweazara SZ, Ley C, Leach LL. Physical activity, social support and socio-economic status amongst persons living with HIV and AIDS: a review. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2019; 17:203-212. [PMID: 30003848 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2018.1475400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity can be used for the effective and comprehensive management of HIV and AIDS. Social support and socio-economic status (SES) are two factors that shape physical activity behaviours. Individuals of low SES carry a disproportionate burden of the HIV and AIDS epidemic. In addition, limited resources constitute socio-ecological barriers predisposing such individuals to physical inactivity. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the available literature on physical activity, social support and SES and to generate recommendations for designing and implementing physical activity interventions targeting people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) of low SES. The review used literature from Google, Google Scholar and PubMed on physical activity of PLWHA, social support for physical activity, and SES and physical activity. Qualitative and quantitative studies in English were included from 1970 to 2016. The results show that social support plays a major role in promoting physical activity and counteracting the barriers to PA in PLWHA of low SES. The results on the role of social support and the influence of SES are integrated to help design appropriate physical activity interventions for PLWHA of low SES. Well-designed interventions should utilise social support and be contextualised for PLWHA of low SES, whose living conditions present multiple barriers to physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smart Z Mabweazara
- a Department of Sport Recreation and Exercise Science , University of the Western Cape , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Clemens Ley
- b Institute of Sport Science , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Lloyd L Leach
- a Department of Sport Recreation and Exercise Science , University of the Western Cape , Bellville , South Africa
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Cusatis R, Garbarski D. Different domains of physical activity: The role of leisure, housework/care work, and paid work in socioeconomic differences in reported physical activity. SSM Popul Health 2019; 7:100387. [PMID: 31193302 PMCID: PMC6526239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inequality in socioeconomic status (SES)—education, income, and occupation—may further exacerbate the health gap between the “haves” and “have nots” by shaping health behaviors such as physical activity. For example, those in higher socioeconomic positions are consistently found to engage in more physical activity according to public health reports that focus on leisure activity. However, previous research investigating the role of SES in shaping engagement in housework, childcare, and paid work suggests different opportunities for physical activity. This discrepancy in how researchers ask questions about physical activity and the pathways people take to healthy activity raises the question: Do socioeconomic differences in physical activity look different when we look at other domains of physical activity beyond leisure? And, does how we measure SES matter? We draw on data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) to assess the roles of education, income, and occupation in the amount of time individuals spend in different types of physical activity. Results demonstrate that socioeconomic differences in physical activity change depending on the activity domain and, therefore, when all domains of physical activity are accounted for compared to leisure-only. Further, the measurement of SES matters: key indicators of SES (education, income, and occupation) have varying associations with levels and types of physical activity. Findings from this research have important implications for the assessment of physical activity across SES, ultimately impacting survey research and public health.
Leisure questions of physical activity may not capture socioeconomic impacts on access and opportunity for activity. Less educated report more time in house/care and paid work compared to more educated. Higher income is associated with more reported leisure and less house/care work. Different occupations report significantly different amounts of activity at paid work. Socioeconomic differences in activity are contingent on domain of activity and SES indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cusatis
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dana Garbarski
- Department of Sociology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd., 440 Coffey Hall, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
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Cusatis R, Garbarski D. Which activities count? Using experimental data to understand conceptualizations of physical activity. SSM Popul Health 2018; 6:286-294. [PMID: 30480078 PMCID: PMC6240671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
US health surveys consistently report that men and those with higher socioeconomic status (SES) engage in more physical activity than women and lower SES counterparts, using questions that ask about physical activity during leisure time. However, social characteristics such as gender and SES shape understandings of and access to leisure-based physical activity as well as other domains where healthy activity is available – namely house work, care work, and paid work. Thus, the physical activity of US adults may look different when what counts as physical activity expands beyond leisure activity. The current study uses Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform to conduct a 2-by-2-by-2 factorial experiment that crosses three types of physical activities: leisure, house or care work, and paid work. We find that physical activity questions that prime respondents – that is, ask respondents – to consider house/care work or paid work lead to increased minutes reported of physical activity compared to not priming for physical activity, while asking about leisure is no different from having no physical activity primed. The effect on reported physical activity of priming with house/care work is stronger for women than men, demonstrating support for gendered specialization of time spent in the house and care work domain. The effects on reported physical activity of priming with house/care work and paid work are stronger for those with less education compared to more education, consistent with socioeconomic divisions in access to physical activity in house/care work and employment. This study highlights the contingence of our understanding of the physical activity of US adults on both its measurement in surveys and the social forces which shape understanding of and access to physical activity.
Leisure questions may not capture gender and socioeconomic patterns shaping access to and opportunity for physical activity. Priming for house/care work or paid work increases minutes reported of physical activity compared to no prime. The effect on physical activity of priming respondents for house/care work is stronger for women than men. The effects on physical activity of priming with house/care work and paid work are stronger for those with less education. Understandings of physical activity of US adults relies on measurement and the social forces shaping access and opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cusatis
- Medical College of Wisconsin, CIBMTR, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave., Suite C5500, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Dana Garbarski
- Department of Sociology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd., 440 Coffey Hall, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
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Love RE, Adams J, van Sluijs EMF. Equity effects of children's physical activity interventions: a systematic scoping review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:134. [PMID: 28969638 PMCID: PMC5625682 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential effects of physical activity (PA) interventions across population sub-groups may contribute to inequalities in health. This systematic scoping review explored the state of the evidence on equity effects in response to interventions targeting children's PA promotion. The aims were to assess and summarise the availability of evidence on differential intervention effects of children's PA interventions across gender, body mass index, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, place of residence and religion. METHODS Using a pre-piloted search strategy, six electronic databases were searched for controlled intervention trials, aiming to increase PA in children (6-18 years of age), that used objective forms of measurement. Screening and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Reporting of analyses of differential effects were summarized for each equity characteristic and logistic regression analyses run to investigate intervention characteristics associated with the reporting of equity analyses. RESULTS The literature search identified 13,052 publications and 7963 unique records. Following a duplicate screening process 125 publications representing 113 unique intervention trials were included. Although the majority of trials collected equity characteristics at baseline, few reported differential effects analyses across the equity factors of interest. All 113 included interventions reported gender at baseline with 46% of non-gender targeted interventions reporting differential effect analyses by gender. Respective figures were considerably smaller for body mass index, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, place of residence and religion. There was an increased likelihood of studying differential effects in school based interventions (OR: 2.9 [1.2-7.2]) in comparison to interventions in other settings, larger studies (per increase in 100 participants; 1.2 [1.0 - 1.4]); and where a main intervention effect on objectively measured PA was reported (3.0 [1.3-6.8]). CONCLUSIONS Despite regularly collecting relevant information at baseline, most controlled trials of PA interventions in children do not report analyses of differences in intervention effect across outlined equity characteristics. Consequently, there is a scarcity of evidence concerning the equity effects of these interventions, particularly beyond gender, and a lack of understanding of subgroups that may benefit from, or be disadvantaged by, current intervention efforts. Further evidence synthesis and primary research is needed to effectively understand the impact of PA interventions on existing behavioural inequalities within population subgroups of children. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2016: CRD42016034020 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Love
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Jean Adams
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Esther M. F. van Sluijs
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
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15
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Fakhrzadeh H, Djalalinia S, Mirarefin M, Arefirad T, Asayesh H, Safiri S, Samami E, Mansourian M, Shamsizadeh M, Qorbani M. Prevalence of physical inactivity in Iran: a systematic review. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2016; 8:92-97. [PMID: 27777692 PMCID: PMC5075364 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Physical inactivity is one of the most important risk factors for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and stroke. We aim to conduct a systematic review of the prevalence of physical inactivity in Iran.
Methods: We searched international databases; ISI, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and national databases Irandoc, Barakat knowledge network system, and Scientific Information Database (SID). We collected data for outcome measures of prevalence of physical inactivity by sex, age, province, and year. Quality assessment and data extraction has been conducted independently by two independent research experts. There were no limitations for time and language.
Results: We analyzed data for prevalence of physical inactivity in Iranian population. According to our search strategy we found 254 records; of them 185 were from international databases and the remaining 69 were obtained from national databases after refining the data, 34 articles that met eligible criteria remained for data extraction. From them respectively; 9, 20, 2 and 3 studies were at national, provincial, regional and local levels. The estimates for inactivity ranged from approximately 30% to almost 70% and had considerable variation between sexes and studied sub-groups.
Conclusion: In Iran, most of studies reported high prevalence of physical inactivity. Our findings reveal a heterogeneity of reported values, often from differences in study design, measurement tools and methods, different target groups and sub-population sampling. These data do not provide the possibility of aggregation of data for a comprehensive inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Fakhrzadeh
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Mirarefin
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Arefirad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Elham Samami
- Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Shamsizadeh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran ; Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Spruit MA, Pitta F, McAuley E, ZuWallack RL, Nici L. Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Physical Activity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:924-33. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201505-0929ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Brennan SL, Yan L, Lix LM, Morin SN, Majumdar SR, Leslie WD. Sex- and age-specific associations between income and incident major osteoporotic fractures in Canadian men and women: a population-based analysis. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:59-65. [PMID: 25278299 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated sex- and age-specific associations between income and fractures at the hip, humerus, spine, and forearm in adults aged ≥50 years. Compared to men with the highest income, men with the lowest income had an increased fracture risk at all skeletal sites. These associations were attenuated in women. INTRODUCTION Associations between income and hip fractures are contested, even less is known about other fracture sites. We investigated sex- and age-specific associations between income and major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) at the hip, humerus, spine, and forearm. METHODS Incident fractures were identified from administrative health data for adults aged ≥50 years in Manitoba, Canada, 2000-2007. Mean neighborhood (postal code area) annual household incomes were extracted from 2006 census files and categorized into quintiles. We calculated age-adjusted and age-specific sex-stratified fracture incidence across income quintiles. We estimated relative risks (RR) and 95% CI for income quintile 1 (Q1, lowest income) vs. income quintile 5 (Q5) and tested the linear trend across quintiles. RESULTS We identified 15,094 incident fractures (4736 hip, 3012 humerus, 1979 spine, and 5367 forearm) in 2718 men and 6786 women. For males, the RR of fracture for the lowest vs. highest income quintile was 1.63 (95% CI 1.42-1.87) and the negative trend was statistically significant (p < 0.0001); individual skeletal sites showed similar associations. For females, the RR of fracture for the lowest vs. highest income quintile was 1.14 (95% CI 1.01-1.28), with a statistically significant negative trend (p = 0.0291); however, the only skeletal site associated with income in women was the forearm (Q1 vs. Q5 RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.28). CONCLUSIONS Compared to men with the highest income, men with the lowest income had an increased fracture risk at all skeletal sites. These associations were attenuated in women. For men, these effect sizes seem large enough to warrant public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Brennan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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18
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Akbulut G, Yildirim M, Sanlier N, van Stralen MM, Acar-Tek N, Bilici S, Brug J, de Meij JSB, Gezmen-Karadag M, Koksal E, Oenema A, Singh AS, te Velde SJ, Yildiran H, Chinapaw MJM. Comparison of energy balance-related behaviours and measures of body composition between Turkish adolescents in Turkey and Turkish immigrant adolescents in the Netherlands. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:2692-9. [PMID: 24476606 PMCID: PMC10282419 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013003388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the influences of migration to a Western country on obesity and related risk factors by comparing measures of body composition and energy balance-related behaviours between Turkish adolescents in Turkey (TR-TR) and adolescents from Turkish immigrant ethnicity in the Netherlands (TR-NL). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey or baseline intervention data from six Dutch school-based studies and one Turkish study. SETTING Primary and secondary schools. SUBJECTS A total of 915 (49 % girls; mean age 13·1 (sd 0·8) years) TR-TR adolescents and 433 (51 % girls; mean age 11·7 (sd 1·3) years) TR-NL adolescents were included. Outcome measures were self-reported sugar-containing beverage consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, screen time, physical activity, measured body height and weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses. RESULTS Our data showed that more TR-NL adolescents were overweight (31 % v. 26 %) and obese (9 % v. 6 %) and had significantly higher mean BMI (21·1 v. 20·0 kg/m2), waist circumference (72·2 v. 71·3 cm) and suprailiac skinfold thickness (19·8 v. 13·1 mm) than TR-TR adolescents. TR-NL adolescents reported significantly higher sugar-containing beverage consumption (1173 v. 115 ml/d), less fruit and vegetable intake (295 v. 647 g/d), less screen time (253 v. 467 min/d) and higher physical activity levels (61 v. 27 min/d) than TR-TR adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Immigrant adolescents in the Netherlands were more often overweight and had a less favourable dietary pattern than their peers in Turkey, while their physical activity and screen time patterns were more favourable. These results suggest that adolescents from Turkish immigrant ethnicity in the Netherlands have adopted lifestyles towards the host culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Akbulut
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Muammer Yasar Bostanci Cad No:16, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mine Yildirim
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Muammer Yasar Bostanci Cad No:16, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maartje M van Stralen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nilufer Acar-Tek
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Muammer Yasar Bostanci Cad No:16, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Muammer Yasar Bostanci Cad No:16, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Johannes Brug
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith SB de Meij
- Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Makbule Gezmen-Karadag
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Muammer Yasar Bostanci Cad No:16, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda Koksal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Muammer Yasar Bostanci Cad No:16, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anke Oenema
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Amika S Singh
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia J te Velde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilal Yildiran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Muammer Yasar Bostanci Cad No:16, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mai JM Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Pinto Pereira SM, Li L, Power C. Early-life predictors of leisure-time physical inactivity in midadulthood: findings from a prospective British birth cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180:1098-108. [PMID: 25282383 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much adult physical inactivity research ignores early-life factors from which later influences may originate. In the 1958 British birth cohort (followed from 1958 to 2008), leisure-time inactivity, defined as activity frequency of less than once a week, was assessed at ages 33, 42, and 50 years (n = 12,776). Early-life factors (at ages 0-16 years) were categorized into 3 domains (i.e., physical, social, and behavioral). We assessed associations of adult inactivity 1) with factors within domains, 2) with the 3 domains combined, and 3) allowing for adult factors. At each age, approximately 32% of subjects were inactive. When domains were combined, factors associated with inactivity (e.g., at age 50 years) were prepubertal stature (5% lower odds per 1-standard deviation higher height), hand control/coordination problems (14% higher odds per 1-point increase on a 4-point scale), cognition (10% lower odds per 1-standard deviation greater ability), parental divorce (21% higher odds), institutional care (29% higher odds), parental social class at child's birth (9% higher odds per 1-point reduction on a 4-point scale), minimal parental education (13% higher odds), household amenities (2% higher odds per increase (representing poorer amenities) on a 19-point scale), inactivity (8% higher odds per 1-point reduction in activity on a 4-point scale), low sports aptitude (13% higher odds), and externalizing behaviors (i.e., conduct problems) (5% higher odds per 1-standard deviation higher score). Adjustment for adult covariates weakened associations slightly. Factors from early life were associated with adult leisure-time inactivity, allowing for early identification of groups vulnerable to inactivity.
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20
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Watz H, Pitta F, Rochester CL, Garcia-Aymerich J, ZuWallack R, Troosters T, Vaes AW, Puhan MA, Jehn M, Polkey MI, Vogiatzis I, Clini EM, Toth M, Gimeno-Santos E, Waschki B, Esteban C, Hayot M, Casaburi R, Porszasz J, McAuley E, Singh SJ, Langer D, Wouters EFM, Magnussen H, Spruit MA. An official European Respiratory Society statement on physical activity in COPD. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:1521-37. [PMID: 25359358 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00046814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This European Respiratory Society (ERS) statement provides a comprehensive overview on physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A multidisciplinary Task Force of experts representing the ERS Scientific Group 01.02 "Rehabilitation and Chronic Care" determined the overall scope of this statement through consensus. Focused literature reviews were conducted in key topic areas and the final content of this Statement was agreed upon by all members. The current knowledge regarding physical activity in COPD is presented, including the definition of physical activity, the consequences of physical inactivity on lung function decline and COPD incidence, physical activity assessment, prevalence of physical inactivity in COPD, clinical correlates of physical activity, effects of physical inactivity on hospitalisations and mortality, and treatment strategies to improve physical activity in patients with COPD. This Task Force identified multiple major areas of research that need to be addressed further in the coming years. These include, but are not limited to, the disease-modifying potential of increased physical activity, and to further understand how improvements in exercise capacity, dyspnoea and self-efficacy following interventions may translate into increased physical activity. The Task Force recommends that this ERS statement should be reviewed periodically (e.g. every 5-8 years).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Pitta
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Carolyn L Rochester
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Richard ZuWallack
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Thierry Troosters
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Anouk W Vaes
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Milo A Puhan
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Melissa Jehn
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Michael I Polkey
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Ioannis Vogiatzis
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Enrico M Clini
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Michael Toth
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Elena Gimeno-Santos
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Benjamin Waschki
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Cristobal Esteban
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Maurice Hayot
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Richard Casaburi
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Janos Porszasz
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Edward McAuley
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Sally J Singh
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Daniel Langer
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
| | - Helgo Magnussen
- For a full list of the authors' affiliations please refer to the Acknowledgements. Task Force co-chairs
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McGlinchey EL, Gershon A, Eidelman P, Kaplan KA, Harvey AG. Physical activity and sleep: Day-to-day associations among individuals with and without Bipolar Disorder. Ment Health Phys Act 2014; 7:183-190. [PMID: 25506392 PMCID: PMC4260416 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative role of psychopathology in the relationship between physical activity and sleep, the present study investigated the day-to-day relationship between physical activity and sleep in individuals without a psychiatric disorder and individuals with bipolar disorder using a longitudinal, naturalistic design. METHOD Participants in two groups-a healthy group with no psychiatric illness (N=36) and an inter-episode bipolar disorder group (N=32)- were studied over a two-month period. Physical health was assessed by the SF-36. Daily subjective and objective measures of physical activity and sleep were collected. A total of 6,670 physical activity measurements and 6,548 sleep measurements were logged. RESULTS The bipolar disorder group exhibited poorer physical health on the SF-36 and more sleep disturbance relative to the healthy group. No group differences were found in physical activity, nor in models examining the relationship between physical activity and sleep. Hierarchical linear models indicated that for every standard deviation increase in sleep disturbance (i.e., increased total wake time), there was a three percent decrease in subsequent day physical activity, in both the healthy and bipolar groups. Increased physical activity was associated with improved sleep for participants who reported greater average sleep disturbance. CONCLUSIONS The results for all participants in the study suggest that reduced physical activity and sleep difficulties may be mutually maintaining processes, particularly for individuals who suffer from poor sleep. Findings also raise the potential importance of targeting physical activity and sleep concurrently in interventions aimed at improving physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anda Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Brennan SL, Leslie WD, Lix LM, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey E, Kanis JA. FRAX provides robust fracture prediction regardless of socioeconomic status. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:61-9. [PMID: 24190425 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) Canada calibration and discrimination according to income quintile in 51,327 Canadian women, with and without a competing mortality framework. Our data show that, under a competing mortality framework, FRAX provides robust fracture prediction and calibration regardless of socioeconomic status (SES). INTRODUCTION FRAX® predicts 10-year fracture risk. Social factors may independently affect fracture risk. We investigated FRAX calibration and discrimination according to SES. METHODS Women aged ≥50 years with baseline femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) were identified from the Manitoba Bone Density Program, Canada (n = 51,327), 1996-2011. Mean household income, extracted from 2006 census files, was categorized into quintiles. Ten-year fracture probabilities were calculated using FRAX Canada. Incident non-traumatic fractures were studied in relation to income quintile in adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. We compared observed versus predicted fractures with and without a competing mortality framework. RESULTS During mean 6.2 ± 3.7 years of follow up, there were 6,392 deaths, 3,723 women with ≥1 major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), and 1,027 with hip fractures. Lower income was associated with higher risk for death, MOF, and hip fracture in adjusted models (all p < 0.005). More women in income quintile 1 (lowest) versus quintile 5 experienced death (19 vs. 8%), MOF (10 vs. 6%), or hip fracture (3.0 vs. 1.3 %) (all p ≤ 0.001). Adjustment for competing mortality mitigated the effect of SES on FRAX calibration, and good calibration was observed. FRAX provided good fracture discrimination for MOF and hip fracture within each income quintile (all p < 0.001). Area under the curve was slightly lower for income quintiles 1 versus 5 for FRAX with BMD to predict MOF (0.68, 95% CI 0.66-0.70 vs. 0.71, 95% CI 0.69-0.74) and hip fracture (0.79, 95% CI 0.76-0.81 vs. 0.87, 95% CI 0.84-0.89). CONCLUSION Increased fracture risk in individuals of lower income is offset by increased mortality. Under a competing mortality framework, FRAX provides robust fracture prediction and calibration regardless of SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Brennan
- NorthWest Academic Center, The University of Melbourne, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Australia, 3021
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Abstract
Research focusing on the social determinants of diabetes has focused on individual-level factors such as health behaviors, socioeconomic status, and depression. Fewer studies that incorporate a broader consideration of the multiple contexts or organizational levels (eg, family, health care setting, neighborhood) within which individuals are embedded exist in the mainstream diabetes literature. Such an approach would enhance our understanding of this complex disease, and thus, future avenues of research should consider the following: (1) a life-course approach, which examines the influence of early life exposures on the development of diabetes; (2) aiming to understand the biological mechanisms of social determinants of diabetes; and (3) implementing interventions on multiple levels. Integrating this multilevel and life-course approach will require transdisciplinary science that brings together highly specialized expertise from multiple disciplines. Broadening the study of social determinants is a necessary step toward improving the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Gary-Webb
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W. 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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Vernay M, Salanave B, de Peretti C, Druet C, Malon A, Deschamps V, Hercberg S, Castetbon K. Metabolic syndrome and socioeconomic status in France: The French Nutrition and Health Survey (ENNS, 2006–2007). Int J Public Health 2013; 58:855-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-013-0501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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O'Hagan C, De Vito G, Boreham CAG. Exercise prescription in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus : current practices, existing guidelines and future directions. Sports Med 2013; 43:39-49. [PMID: 23315755 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-012-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, resulting in stabilization of plasma glucose in the acute phase and improvements in body composition, insulin resistance and glycosylated haemoglobin with chronic exercise training. However, the most appropriate exercise prescription for type 2 diabetes has not yet been established, resulting from insufficient evidence to determine the optimum type, intensity, duration or frequency of exercise training. Furthermore, patient engagement in exercise is suboptimal. There are many likely reasons for low engagement in exercise; one possible contributory factor may be a tendency for expert bodies to prioritize the roles of diet and medication over exercise in their treatment guidelines. Published treatment guidelines vary in their approach to exercise training, but most agencies suggest that people with type 2 diabetes engage in 150 min of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise per week. This prescription is similar to the established guidelines for cardiovascular health in the general population. Future possibilities in this area include investigation of the physiological effects and practical benefits of exercise training of different intensities in type 2 diabetes, and the use of individualized prescription to maximize the health benefits of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara O'Hagan
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
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Brennan SL, Williams LJ, Berk M, Pasco JA. Socioeconomic status and quality of life in population-based Australian men: data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Aust N Z J Public Health 2013; 37:226-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Borges RC, Carvalho CRF. Physical activity in daily life in Brazilian COPD patients during and after exacerbation. COPD 2013; 9:596-602. [PMID: 23244169 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2012.705364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hospitalization is recognized as an important cause of reduction in physical activity in daily life (PADL) in COPD, there is only one study evaluating this effect, and it was performed in European COPD patients who have a lower PADL than that of South American COPD patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of hospitalization due to acute exacerbation of PADL in Brazilian COPD patients and to evaluate the factors that determines the physical activity levels during hospitalization and after discharge. METHODS PADL was quantified using a 3-axis accelerometer on the 3rd day of hospitalization and 1 month after discharge in Brazilian COPD patients who were hospitalized due to disease exacerbation. Six-minute walking distance (6MWD), lower limb strength and pulmonary function were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 20 patients completed the study. During hospitalization, patients spent most of the time (87%) lying down or sitting; however, 1 month after they were walking >40 min/day. In addition, patients with prior hospitalization had a lower level of physical activity compared to those without a previous history of hospitalization. The time spent walking during hospitalization was significantly explained by the quadriceps strength (r(2) = 0.29; p < 0.05), while 1 month after, the time spent walking was only significantly explained by the 6MWD (r(2) = 0.51; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Brazilian COPD patients are inactive during hospitalization but become active 1 month after discharge. Previously hospitalized are more inactive both during and after exacerbation. The quadriceps strength and 6MWD explain the physical activity levels during hospitalization and at home, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cerqueira Borges
- Physical Therapy Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Investigating individual- and area-level socioeconomic gradients of pulse pressure among normotensive and hypertensive participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:571-89. [PMID: 23380912 PMCID: PMC3635164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10020571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease. Pulse pressure, the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, has been identified as an important predictor of cardiovascular risk even after accounting for absolute measures of blood pressure. However, little is known about the social determinants of pulse pressure. The aim of this study was to examine individual- and area-level socioeconomic gradients of pulse pressure in a sample of 2,789 Australian adults. Using data from the North West Adelaide Health Study we estimated the association between pulse pressure and three indices of socioeconomic status (education, income and employment status) at the area and individual level for hypertensive and normotensive participants, using Generalized Estimating Equations. In normotensive individuals, area-level education (estimate: -0.106; 95% CI: -0.172, -0.041) and individual-level income (estimate: -1.204; 95% CI: -2.357, -0.050) and employment status (estimate: -1.971; 95% CI: -2.894, -1.048) were significant predictors of pulse pressure, even after accounting for the use of medication and lifestyle behaviors. In hypertensive individuals, only individual-level measures of socioeconomic status were significant predictors of pulse pressure (education estimate: -2.618; 95% CI: -4.878, -0.357; income estimate: -1.683, 95% CI: -3.743, 0.377; employment estimate: -2.023; 95% CI: -3.721, -0.326). Further research is needed to better understand how individual- and area-level socioeconomic status influences pulse pressure in normotensive and hypertensive individuals.
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Finger JD, Tylleskär T, Lampert T, Mensink GBM. Physical activity patterns and socioeconomic position: the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98). BMC Public Health 2012; 12:1079. [PMID: 23241280 PMCID: PMC3561273 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the associations between education and leisure-time, occupational, sedentary and total physical-activity levels based on data from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98). The roles of income level, occupational status and other mediating variables for these associations were also examined. Methods The total study sample of the GNHIES98 comprised 7,124 participants between the ages of 18 and 79. Complete information was available for 6,800 persons on leisure-time, sedentary and total physical-activity outcomes and for 3,809 persons in regular employment on occupational activity outcomes. The associations between educational level and physical activity (occupational, sedentary, leisure-time and total physical activity) were analysed separately for men and women using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (OR) of educational level on physical-activity outcomes were calculated and adjusted for age, region, occupation, income and other mediating variables. Results After adjusting for age and region, a higher education level was associated with more leisure-time activity – with an OR of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3-2.0) for men with secondary education and 2.1 (1.7-2.7) for men with tertiary education compared to men with primary education. The corresponding ORs for women were 1.3 (1.1-1.6) and 1.7 (1.2-2.4), respectively. Higher education was associated with a lower level of vigorous work activity: an OR of 6.9 (4.6-10.3) for men with secondary education and 18.6 (12.0-27.3) for men with primary education compared to men with tertiary education. The corresponding ORs for women were 2.8 (2.0-4.0) and 5.8 (4.0-8.5), respectively. Higher education was also associated with a lower level of total activity: an OR of 2.9 (2.2-3.8) for men with secondary education and 4.3 (3.3-5.6) for men with tertiary education compared to men with primary education. The corresponding ORs for women were 1.6 (1.2-2.0) and 1.6 (1.2-2.1), respectively. Conclusions In Germany adults with a lower level of education are more physically active, both at work and overall, compared to adults with a higher education level, although they are less physically active in their leisure time. Higher work-related activity levels among adults with lower education may explain why they are less active in their leisure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas D Finger
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Strasse, 62-66, Berlin, D-12101, Germany.
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Brennan SL, Stanford T, Wluka AE, Page RS, Graves SE, Kotowicz MA, Nicholson GC, Pasco JA. Utilisation of primary total knee joint replacements across socioeconomic status in the Barwon Statistical Division, Australia, 2006-2007: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2012; 2:e001310. [PMID: 23035014 PMCID: PMC3488757 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are few Australian data that examine the association between total knee joint replacement (TKR) utilisation and socioeconomic status (SES). This study examined TKR surgeries with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) performed for residents of Barwon Statistical Division (BSD) for 2006-2007. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING BSD, South-eastern Victoria, Australia PARTICIPANTS All patients who underwent a TKR for OA, 2006-2007, and whose residential postcode was identified as within the BSD of Australia, and for whom SES data were available, were eligible for inclusion. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Primary TKR data ascertained from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Residential addresses were matched with the Australian Bureau of Statistics census data, and the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage was used to determine SES, categorised into quintiles whereby quintile 1 indicated the most disadvantaged and quintile 5 the least disadvantaged. Age-specific and sex-specific rates of TKR utilisation per 1000 person-years were reported for 10-year age bands. RESULTS Females accounted for 62.7% of the 691 primary TKR surgeries performed during 2006-2007. The greatest utilisation rates of TKR in males was 7.6 observed in those aged >79 years, and in 10.2 in females observed in those aged 70-79 years. An increase in TKR was observed for males in SES quintile four compared to quintile 1 in which the lowest utilisation which was observed (p=0.04). No differences were observed in females across SES quintiles. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation is warranted on a larger scale to examine the role that SES may play in TKR utilisation, and to determine whether any social disparities in TKR utilisation reflect health system biases or geographic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Lee Brennan
- NorthWest Academic Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Yildirim G, Ince ML, Muftuler M. Physical Activity and Perceptions of Neighborhood Walkability among Turkish Women in Low and High Socio-Economic Environments: An Exploratory Study. Percept Mot Skills 2012; 115:661-75. [DOI: 10.2466/06.15.pms.115.5.661-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of physical activity, exercise stages of change, and perceptions of neighborhood walkability among Turkish women who were living in low and high socio-economic (SES) environments. The participants included 188 women in low SES and 206 in high SES environments, between the ages of 18 and 65 years. The Low SES group had a higher rate of inactivity, and relative to the High SES group, was less likely to rate the neighborhood environment as promoting and supportive of physical activity. Intervention programs for women living in low SES areas should be developed and administered while taking the level of physical activity, exercise stages of change, and perceptions of neighborhood walkability into consideration.
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Cleland V, Ball K, Crawford D. Socioeconomic position and physical activity among women in Melbourne, Australia: Does the use of different socioeconomic indicators matter? Soc Sci Med 2012; 74:1578-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Slater SJ, Nicholson L, Chriqui J, Turner L, Chaloupka F. The impact of state laws and district policies on physical education and recess practices in a nationally representative sample of US public elementary schools. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 166:311-6. [PMID: 22147763 DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of state- and school district-level policies on the prevalence of physical education (PE) and recess in a nationally representative sample of US public elementary schools. DESIGN Analyses from annual, nationally representative, cross-sectional surveys of school administrators in the United States. SETTING Data were collected through surveys conducted between February and June during the 2006-2007 through 2008-2009 school years. State laws and district policies were compiled annually by researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago using established legal research techniques. PARTICIPANTS The sample size was 47 states, 690 districts, and 1761 schools. MAIN EXPOSURES State- and school district-level PE and recess-related laws. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Twenty minutes of daily recess and 150 min/wk of PE. RESULTS The odds of schools having 150 min/wk of PE increased if they were located in states (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-5.7) or school districts (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.3) having a law or policy requiring 150 min/wk of PE. Schools located in states with laws encouraging daily recess were significantly more likely to have 20 minutes of recess daily (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.8). District policies were not significantly associated with school-level recess practices. Adequate PE time was inversely associated with recess and vice versa, suggesting that schools are substituting one form of physical activity for another rather than providing the recommended amount of both recess and PE. CONCLUSION By mandating PE or recess, policy makers can effectively increase school-based physical activity opportunities for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy J Slater
- Institute for Health Research and Policy and Department of Health Policy & Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
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Aspenes ST, Nilsen TIL, Skaug EA, Bertheussen GF, Ellingsen Ø, Vatten L, Wisløff U. Peak oxygen uptake and cardiovascular risk factors in 4631 healthy women and men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43:1465-73. [PMID: 21228724 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31820ca81c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), may be the single best predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and premature cardiovascular mortality. However, current reference values are either estimates of oxygen uptake or come from small studies, mainly of men. Therefore, the aims of this study were to directly measure VO2peak in healthy adult men and women and to assess the association with cardiovascular risk factor levels. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 4631 volunteering, free-living Norwegian men (n = 2368) and women (n = 2263) age 20-90 yr. The data collection was from June 2007 to June 2008. Participants were free from known pulmonary or cardiovascular disease. VO2peak was measured by ergospirometry during treadmill running. Associations (odds ratios, OR) with unfavorable levels of cardiovascular risk factors and a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Overall, mean VO2peak was 40.0 ± 9.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1). Women below the median VO2peak (<35.1 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) were five times (OR = 5.4, 95% confidence interval = 2.3-12.9) and men below the median (<44.2 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) were eight times (OR = 7.9, 95% confidence interval = 3.5-18.0) more likely to have a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors compared to those in the highest quartile of VO2peak (≥40.8 and ≥50.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) in women and men, respectively). Each 5-mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) lower VO2peak corresponded to ∼56% higher odds of cardiovascular risk factor clustering. CONCLUSIONS These data represent the largest reference material of objectively measured VO2peak in healthy men and women age 20-90 yr. Even in people considered to be fit, VO2peak was clearly associated with levels of conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Thoresen Aspenes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Age and exercise: a theoretical and empirical analysis of the effect of age and generation on physical activity. J Public Health (Oxf) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-011-0428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Perrino T, Brown SC, Huang S, Brown CH, Gómez GP, Pantin H, Szapocznik J. Depressive symptoms, social support, and walking among Hispanic older adults. J Aging Health 2011; 23:974-93. [PMID: 21508305 DOI: 10.1177/0898264311404235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive symptoms and physical inactivity are health risks among minority older adults. This study examined whether social support moderated the relationship of depressive symptoms to walking behavior among 217 community-dwelling, Hispanic older adults. METHOD Cross-sectional analyses were used to test whether different forms of social support interacted with depressive symptoms to affect both likelihood and amount of walking. RESULTS Analyses showed a significant interaction between depressive symptoms and instrumental support related to the likelihood of walking and a marginally significant interaction between depressive symptoms and instrumental social support related to the amount of walking. Depressive symptoms were associated with a lower likelihood and lower amount of walking among participants receiving high levels of instrumental social support (e.g., help with chores) but not low instrumental support. Emotional and informational support did not moderate the depression to walking relationship. CONCLUSION Receiving too much instrumental support was related to sedentary behavior among depressed older adults.
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Fitzpatrick TR, Farone DW. Leisure, Household Activities, and Health Among Mexican American Elders with Cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol 2011; 29:199-214. [DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2010.548441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane W. Farone
- b Department of Social Work , Arizona State University , Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Marquez DX, Neighbors CJ, Bustamante EE. Leisure time and occupational physical activity among racial or ethnic minorities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:1086-93. [PMID: 19997031 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181c5ec05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the factors distinguishing non-Latino blacks (NLB) and Latinos from non-Latino whites (NLW) is higher rates of occupational physical activity (OPA) and less participation in leisure time physical activity (LTPA). We examined participation in OPA and LTPA among employed individuals and the relationship between OPA and LTPA across select racial or ethnic groups and Latino subgroups. METHODS We pooled data from 2000 to 2003 of the National Health Interview Survey. We divided the survey participants into three groups: 1) those with no LTPA, 2) those who reported some LTPA but not for sufficient time and intensity to meet recommended guidelines, and 3) those who reported LTPA at levels that met or exceeded recommendations. We used ordinal logistic regression to examine whether NLB and Latinos or Latino subgroups were less likely to report LTPA than NLW while controlling for social, economic, and demographic factors that may have accounted for group differences. We further examined the prevalence of OPA and the relationship between LTPA and OPA. RESULTS Among employed individuals, NLB and Latinos had significantly more individuals reporting no LTPA compared with NLW. Latinos had the greatest proportion of individuals reporting no LTPA. Furthermore, it was found that significantly more Latinos had physically active occupations compared with NLB and NLB compared with NLW, respectively. Among employed Latinos, Cubans and Dominicans were most likely to report no LTPA, and Mexicans had the greatest percentage of workers with a physically active occupation. LTPA was not significantly associated with having a physically active occupation across races and Latino subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Participation in LTPA among ethnic or racial minorities is lower than that of NLW, and the OPA rates are higher. OPA does not significantly impact participation in LTPA in employed adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David X Marquez
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Artinian NT, Fletcher GF, Mozaffarian D, Kris-Etherton P, Van Horn L, Lichtenstein AH, Kumanyika S, Kraus WE, Fleg JL, Redeker NS, Meininger JC, Banks J, Stuart-Shor EM, Fletcher BJ, Miller TD, Hughes S, Braun LT, Kopin LA, Berra K, Hayman LL, Ewing LJ, Ades PA, Durstine JL, Houston-Miller N, Burke LE. Interventions to promote physical activity and dietary lifestyle changes for cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010; 122:406-41. [PMID: 20625115 PMCID: PMC6893884 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e3181e8edf1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 703] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brennan SL, Henry MJ, Wluka AE, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA, Pasco JA. Socioeconomic status and bone mineral density in a population-based sample of men. Bone 2010; 46:993-9. [PMID: 20053386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Overall, socioeconomic status (SES) is inversely associated with poorer health outcomes. However, current literature provides conflicting data of the relationship between SES and bone mineral density (BMD) in men. In an age-stratified population-based randomly selected cross-sectional study of men (n=1467) we assessed the association between SES and lifestyle exposures in relation to BMD. SES was determined by matching the residential address for each subject with Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006 census data for the study region. BMD was measured at the spine and femoral neck by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Lifestyle variables were collected by self-report. Regression models were age-stratified into younger and older groups and adjusted for age, weight, dietary calcium, physical activity, and medications known to affect bone. Subjects with spinal abnormalities were excluded from analyses of BMD at the spine. In younger men, BMD was highest at the spine in the mid quintiles of SES, where differences were observed compared to quintile 1 (1-7%, p<0.05). In older men, the pattern of BMD across SES quintiles was reversed, and subjects from mid quintiles had the lowest BMD, with differences observed compared to quintile 5 (1-7%, p<0.05). Differences in BMD at the spine across SES quintiles represent a potential 1.5-fold increase in fracture risk for those with the lowest BMD. There were no differences in BMD at the femoral neck. Further research is warranted which examines the mechanisms that may underpin differences in BMD across SES quintiles and to address the current paucity of data in this field of enquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Brennan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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Cleland VJ, Ball K, Salmon J, Timperio AF, Crawford DA. Personal, social and environmental correlates of resilience to physical inactivity among women from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2010; 25:268-281. [PMID: 18974098 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyn054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
While sex and socio-economic disparities in physical activity have been well documented, not all disadvantaged women are inactive. This study aimed to examine correlates of achieving recommended levels of physical activity among women of low socio-economic position. In 2005, a population-based sample of 291 women with low educational attainment provided survey data on leisure time physical activity (LTPA). Participants reported potential personal (enjoyment and self-efficacy; barriers; intentions; guilt and priorities; routines and scheduling; occupational physical activity; television viewing), social (support from family/friends; social participation; sport/recreation club membership; dog ownership) and environmental (aesthetics; safety; local access; footpaths; interesting walks; busy roads to cross; heavy traffic) correlates of physical activity. Nearly 40% of participants achieved recommended LTPA (150 min week(-1)). Multivariable analyses revealed that higher levels of self-efficacy for walking [prevalence ratio (PR) 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-3.53], higher enjoyment of walking (PR 1.48, 95% CI 1.04-2.12), greater intentions to be active (PR 1.97, 95% CI 1.12-3.45) and having set routines for physical activity (PR 1.91, 95% CI 1.18-3.09) were significantly associated with achieving recommended LTPA. Personal factors were the characteristics most strongly associated with achieving recommended levels of LTPA among women from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity J Cleland
- Centre for Physical Activity.utrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia.
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Macfarlane A, Abbott G, Crawford D, Ball K. Personal, social and environmental correlates of healthy weight status amongst mothers from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods: findings from the READI study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010; 7:23. [PMID: 20331900 PMCID: PMC2853491 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-7-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers are at high risk of obesity, yet the aetiology of obesity in this group remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the perceived personal, social and physical environmental factors associated with resilience to obesity among mothers from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. METHODS Survey data were provided by a cohort of 1840 women aged 18-46 years with dependent children (aged 0-18 years) from 40 urban and 40 rural socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods across Victoria, Australia. Mothers responded to a number of questions relating to personal, social and environmental influences on their physical activity and eating habits. Mothers' weight status was classified as healthy weight (BMI: 18.5-24.99), overweight (BMI: 25-29.99) or obese (BMI: 30+). RESULTS Mothers' weight status was bivariably associated with factors from all three domains (personal, social and physical environmental). In a multivariable model, mothers' perceived ability to make time for healthy eating (OR = 1.34) and physical activity (OR = 1.11) despite family commitments, and the frequency with which families ate healthy low-fat foods with mothers (OR = 1.28) remained significantly positively associated with healthy weight status. The frequency with which families encouraged eating healthy low-fat foods remained negatively associated (OR = 0.81) with weight status; ie greater encouragement was associated with less healthy weight status. CONCLUSIONS Drawing on the characteristics of mothers resilient to obesity might assist in developing intervention strategies to help other mothers in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods to manage their weight. Such strategies might focus on planning for and prioritising time for healthy eating and physical activity behaviours, and including family members in and encouraging family mealtimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie Macfarlane
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Australia.
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Cleland V, Ball K, Hume C, Timperio A, King AC, Crawford D. Individual, social and environmental correlates of physical activity among women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70:2011-2018. [PMID: 20362380 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods are at heightened risk for physical inactivity, but little is known about the correlates of physical activity among this group. Using a social-ecological framework, this study aimed to determine the individual, social and neighbourhood environmental correlates of physical activity amongst women living in such neighbourhoods. During 2007-2008 women (n = 4108) aged 18-45 years randomly selected from urban and rural neighbourhoods of low socioeconomic status in Victoria, Australia completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long). They reported on individual (self-efficacy, enjoyment, intentions, outcome expectancies, skills), social (childcare, social support from family and friends/colleagues, dog ownership) and neighbourhood environmental (neighbourhood cohesion, aesthetics, personal safety, 'walking environment') factors. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the odds of increasing categories of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and transport-related physical activity (TRPA) for each individual, social and environmental factor. In partially adjusted analyses, all individual, social and environmental variables were positively associated with LTPA, while all individual factors, family and friend support and the walking environment were positively associated with TRPA. In fully adjusted multivariable models, all individual and social factors remained significantly associated with LTPA, while self-efficacy, enjoyment, intentions, social support, and neighbourhood 'walking environment' variables remained significantly associated with TRPA. In conclusion, individual and social factors were most important for LTPA, while individual, social and neighbourhood environmental factors were all associated with TRPA. Acknowledging the cross-sectional design, the findings highlight the importance of different levels of potential influence on physical activity in different domains, which should be considered when developing strategies to promote physical activity amongst women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Cleland
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - Kylie Ball
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Clare Hume
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Abby C King
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, 259 Campus Drive, HRP Redwood Building, T221 Stanford, CA 94305-5405, USA
| | - David Crawford
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the physical activity level among Mexican adults and to establish the sociodemographic variables that may be linked to active lifestyles. DESIGN Data from a cross-sectional survey were analysed. Physical activity was assessed using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The independent variables were sex, age, socio-economic status and size of town. Ordinal regression models were fitted to assess the association of physical activity levels with sociodemographic factors. SETTING Fieldwork was conducted from November 2002 through April 2003; the non-response rate was 3.1%. SUBJECTS Data from a national representative sample (n 38,746) of Mexican adults aged >18 years old were analysed. RESULTS Almost 60% of the population was classified into the high physical activity level. Women were less active than men in rural areas; in urban areas, the opposite trend was observed. In women, higher socio-economic status was associated with less physical activity, while among men there were no differences. People from rural and urban areas had a higher probability of engaging in physical activity than those from cities. In urban localities and cities, respondents of low socio-economic status had a lower probability of engaging in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Using a validated instrument to measure physical activity, we found that the prevalence of active lifestyle among Mexican adults was high. The socio-economic and gender inequalities are different according to size of town (i.e. an effect modifier), which must be considered in the design of policies and programmes to promote physical activity.
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Socioeconomic status, obesity and lifestyle in men: The Geelong Osteoporosis Study. JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Muhsen K, Garty-Sandalon N, Gross R, Green MS. Psychological distress is independently associated with physical inactivity in Israeli adults. Prev Med 2010; 50:118-22. [PMID: 20004684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited data exist on the link between psychological distress and regular physical activity in the general population. We examined the association of psychological distress with physical inactivity, independently of sociodemographic and behavioral factors in a large community sample. We also examined whether psychological distress is related to limitations in day-to-day activities due to emotional problems. METHODS Information on physical activity, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors was obtained through telephone interviews of 5708 subjects aged > or = 21 years from a cross-sectional study-the first Israeli National Health Interview Survey (2003-2004). Psychological distress and limitations due to emotional problems were measured using the five-item Mental Health scale (MHI-5) and role emotional scales derived from the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, high psychological distress level was associated with increased odds of physical inactivity among both men (adjusted OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.09-1.55) and women (adjusted OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.11-1.53). Psychological distress was strongly associated with limitations in day-to-day activities due to emotional problems. CONCLUSIONS In this cross-sectional study of adult men and women, psychological distress was independently associated with physical inactivity. Psychological distress may limit day-to-day activities in general and reduce the success of health promotion activities. These findings could help in identifying subjects facing difficulties in initiation and adherence to these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khitam Muhsen
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel.
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Perrino T, Mason CA, Brown SC, Szapocznik J. The relationship between depressive symptoms and walking among Hispanic older adults: a longitudinal, cross-lagged panel analysis. Aging Ment Health 2010; 14:211-9. [PMID: 20336553 PMCID: PMC3821697 DOI: 10.1080/13607860903191374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the relationship between depressive symptoms and walking behavior across 30 months in a prospective study of 217 community-dwelling, Hispanic older adults in Miami, Florida (ages 70-100 years). METHOD Analyses examine the direction of the relationship between depressive symptoms and physical activity (i.e., walking) over time, as well as test for a potential bi-directional or reciprocal relationship between these two variables. RESULTS Structural equation modeling (SEM) with a cross-lagged panel design revealed that walking was unrelated to subsequent depressive symptoms. However, depressive symptoms were related to subsequent walking behavior at every time-point, such that higher levels of depressive symptoms were predictive of less walking in the future. Older adults who had clinically-relevant depressive symptoms at the initial assessment had 1.34 times the risk of not walking 30 months later, compared to older adults without clinically-relevant depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Results support the need for primary care providers to evaluate and address depressive symptoms among older adults, as a means of reducing sedentary behavior and potentially improving health. Further research on the prevention and management of depressive symptoms and sedentary behavior is needed, given the morbidity related to both of these health risks, particularly for minority and low-socio-economic status (SES) older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Perrino
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Craig A. Mason
- College of Education and Human Development, University of Maine,
5717 Corbett Hall, Room 3, Orono, ME 04469-5717, USA
| | - Scott C. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of
Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, #1021 (R 669), Miami,
FL 33136, USA
| | - José Szapocznik
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of
Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, #1021 (R 669), Miami,
FL 33136, USA
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Duncan GE, Goldberg J, Buchwald D, Wen Y, Henderson JA. Epidemiology of physical activity in American Indians in the Education and Research Towards Health cohort. Am J Prev Med 2009; 37:488-94. [PMID: 19944913 PMCID: PMC2803048 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of an active lifestyle are well established. However, Americans in general and American Indians specifically are not sufficiently active to achieve these health benefits. PURPOSE This study presents the descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in a community-based sample of American-Indian adults. METHODS Data came from Education and Research Towards Health (EARTH), a cross-sectional study conducted between December 2003 and April 2006 of 5207 American-Indian adults in South Dakota and Arizona. Physical activity was assessed using a culturally tailored, computer-assisted instrument. Both type and intensity of activities were measured; minutes per week averaged over the past year was the primary outcome. Individuals were categorized as being sufficiently active, not sufficiently active, or inactive using a cut point of more or less than 150 minutes/week. Information on age, gender, and BMI was also collected. RESULTS More than one third of participants were not sufficiently active (<150 minutes/week) and 18% reported no leisure-time activity. Sufficient activity was less often reported by women than men (41% vs 56%) and by participants from the Southwest than those from the Northern Plains (44% vs 50%). Of all activity categories, the most time was spent on household activities among all participants. There were clear trends in physical (in)activity across BMI strata; time spent in sedentary activities increased while leisure-time activity decreased with BMI. CONCLUSIONS American-Indian adults in this cohort exhibited levels of physical (in)activity similar to those of other racial/ethnic groups in the U.S., suggesting a need for specific interventions to increase activity levels across the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen E Duncan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Tolonen H, Laatikainen T, Helakorpi S, Talala K, Martelin T, Prättälä R. Marital status, educational level and household income explain part of the excess mortality of survey non-respondents. Eur J Epidemiol 2009; 25:69-76. [PMID: 19779838 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-009-9389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Survey respondents and non-respondents differ in their demographic and socio-economic position. Many of the health behaviours are also known to be associated with socio-economic differences. We aimed to investigate how much of the excess mortality of survey non-respondents can be explained by the socio-economic differences between respondents and non-respondents. Questionnaire-based adult health behaviour surveys have been conducted in Finland annually since 1978. Data from the 1978 to 2002 surveys, including non-respondents, were linked with mortality data from the Finnish National Cause of Death statistics and with demographic and socio-economic register data (marital status, education and household income) obtained from Statistics Finland. The mortality follow-up lasted until 2006, in which period there were 12,762 deaths (7,994 in men and 4,768 in women) during the follow-up. Total and cause-specific mortality were higher among non-respondents in both men and women. Adjusting results for marital status, educational level and average household income decreased the excess total and cause-specific mortality of non-respondents in both men and women. Of the total excess mortality of non-respondents, 41% in men and 20% in women can be accounted for demographic and socio-economic factors. A part of the excess mortality among non-respondents can be accounted for their demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Based on these results we can assume that non-respondents tend to have more severe health problems, acute illnesses and unhealthy behaviours, such as smoking and excess alcohol use. These can be reasons for persons not taking part in population surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tolonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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Brennan SL, Henry MJ, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA, Pasco JA. Socioeconomic status and risk factors for obesity and metabolic disorders in a population-based sample of adult females. Prev Med 2009; 49:165-71. [PMID: 19576925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between lower socioeconomic status (SES), obesity, lifestyle choices and adverse health consequences are well documented, however to date the relationship between these variables and area-based SES (equivalised for advantage and disadvantage) has not been examined simultaneously in one population or with more than tertiary divisions of SES. We set out to examine the risk factors for obesity and metabolic disorders in the same population across quintiles of area-based SES. METHODS We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study using existing data from a population-based random selection of women aged 20-92 years (n=1110) recruited from the Barwon Statistical Division, South Eastern Australia. RESULTS All measures of adiposity were inversely associated with SES, and remained significant after adjusting for age. Lifestyle choices associated with adiposity and poorer health, including smoking, larger serving sizes of foods, and reduced physical activity, were significantly associated with individuals from lower SES groups. CONCLUSIONS Greater measures of adiposity and less healthy lifestyle choices were observed in individuals from lower SES. Significant differences in body composition were identified between quintiles 1 and 5, whereas subjects in the mid quintiles had relatively similar measures. The inverse relationship between SES, obesity and less healthy lifestyle underscores the possibility that these associations may be causal and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Brennan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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