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Ozcariz E, Guardiola M, Amigó N, Valdés S, Oualla-Bachiri W, Rehues P, Rojo-Martinez G, Ribalta J. H-NMR metabolomics identifies three distinct metabolic profiles differentially associated with cardiometabolic risk in patients with obesity in the Di@bet.es cohort. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:402. [PMID: 39511627 PMCID: PMC11545907 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex, diverse and multifactorial disease that has become a major public health concern in the last decades. The current classification systems relies on anthropometric measurements, such as BMI, that are unable to capture the physiopathological diversity of this disease. The aim of this study was to redefine the classification of obesity based on the different H-NMR metabolomics profiles found in individuals with obesity to better assess the risk of future development of cardiometabolic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples of a subset of the Di@bet.es cohort consisting of 1387 individuals with obesity were analyzed by H-NMR. A K-means algorithm was deployed to define different H-NMR metabolomics-based clusters. Then, the association of these clusters with future development of cardiometabolic disease was evaluated using different univariate and multivariate statistical approaches. Moreover, machine learning-based models were built to predict the development of future cardiometabolic disease using BMI and waist-to-hip circumference ratio measures in combination with H-NMR metabolomics. RESULTS Three clusters with no differences in BMI nor in waist-to-hip circumference ratio but with very different metabolomics profiles were obtained. The first cluster showed a metabolically healthy profile, whereas atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia were predominant in the second and third clusters, respectively. Individuals within the cluster of atherogenic dyslipidemia were found to be at a higher risk of developing type 2 DM in a 8 years follow-up. On the other hand, individuals within the cluster of hypercholesterolemia showed a higher risk of suffering a cardiovascular event in the follow-up. The individuals with a metabolically healthy profile displayed a lower association with future cardiometabolic disease, even though some association with future development of type 2 DM was still observed. In addition, H-NMR metabolomics improved the prediction of future cardiometabolic disease in comparison with models relying on just anthropometric measures. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the benefits of using precision techniques like H-NMR to better assess the risk of obesity-derived cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ozcariz
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Montse Guardiola
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab, Plaça del Prim 10, 2on 5a, Reus, 43201, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Metabolomics Platform, Reus, Spain
| | - Sergio Valdés
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Wasima Oualla-Bachiri
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pere Rehues
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Reus, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martinez
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Josep Ribalta
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Reus, Spain
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Li S, Lin L, Chen X, Liu S, Gao M, Cheng X, Li C. Association between body fat variation rate and risk of diabetic nephropathy - a posthoc analysis based on ACCORD database. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2805. [PMID: 39396960 PMCID: PMC11472532 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight control has consistently been regarded as a significant preventive measure against diabetic nephropathy. however, the potential impact of substantial fluctuations in body fat during this process on the risk of diabetic nephropathy remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between body fat variation rate and diabetic nephropathy incident in American patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The study used data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in diabetes (ACCORD) trial to calculate body fat variation rates over two years and divided participants into Low and High groups. The hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model, and confounding variables were addressed using propensity score matching. RESULTS Four thousand six hundred nine participants with type 2 diabetes were studied, with 1,511 cases of diabetic nephropathy observed over 5 years. High body fat variation rate was linked to a higher risk of diabetic nephropathy compared to low body fat variation rate (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26). Statistically significant interaction was observed between body fat variation rate and BMI (P interaction = 0.008), and high level of body fat variation rate was only associated with increased risk of diabetic nephropathy in participants with BMI > 30 (HR 1.34 and 95% CI 1.08-1.66). CONCLUSIONS Among participants with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, body fat variation rate was associated with increased risk of diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, the association was modified by BMI, and positive association was demonstrated in obese but not non-obese individuals. Consequently, for obese patients with diabetes, a more gradual weight loss strategy is recommended to prevent drastic fluctuations in body fat. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials. gov, no. NCT000000620 (Registration Date 199909).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87#, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Li Lin
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87#, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xunjie Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87#, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Chuanchang Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87#, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China.
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Gedtal M, Woodside J, Wright D, Rayman M, Hogg RE. Subscapular skinfold thickness, not other anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured adiposity, is positively associated with the presence of age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2024; 9:e001505. [PMID: 39089734 PMCID: PMC11293401 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current literature reveals an association between anthropometric measures of adiposity (AnthM) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but few have explored the disease association with imaging methods. This study aimed to explore the relationship between AMD status and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures (DEXAMs) among a representative sample of the US population, and compare the association with AnthM. METHOD Using a representative sample in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2005-2006 (n=1632), DEXAMs across the whole body and waist (ie, android), and relative fat distributions (eg, percentage fat, android-to-total body ratio) were analysed between no AMD (baseline) and any AMD. Bivariate analyses across AMD status were similarly performed for AnthM (ie, body mass index, waist circumference and skinfold thicknesses) and potential confounders (ie, demographics and health-related variables). Significant adiposity measures were analysed using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS The participants in the sample were aged 40-69 years, were majority female (52%) and mainly Caucasian (76.5%). Bivariate analysis revealed having any AMD had positive significant associations with android-to-total fat ratio and subscapular skinfold thickness (SSFT). Other AnthM and DEXAMs were not significant. After adjusting age, gender and prescription of cholesterol-lowering medicine, only SSFT remained significantly associated. CONCLUSION SSFT represents an independent risk factor for AMD presence compared with other AnthM and DEXAMs. SSFT is an established method of measuring fat under the skin (ie, subcutaneous fat). Hence, subcutaneous fat may be more relevant in explaining the adiposity-AMD link due to physiological properties specific to the tissue. Limitations include the restricted age range and low numbers of participants with late AMD.
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Wu Y, Li D, Vermund SH. Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:757. [PMID: 38929003 PMCID: PMC11204233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity reflects excessive fat deposits. At-risk individuals are guided by healthcare professionals to eat fewer calories and exercise more, often using body mass index (BMI; weight/height2) thresholds for screening and to guide progress and prognosis. By conducting a mini-narrative review of original articles, websites, editorials, commentaries, and guidelines, we sought to place BMI in the context of its appropriate use in population health, clinical screening, and monitoring in clinical care. The review covers studies and publications through 2023, encompassing consensus reviews and relevant literature. Recent consensus reviews suggest that BMI is a valuable tool for population surveys and primary healthcare screening but has limitations in predicting the risk of chronic diseases and assessing excess fat. BMI can guide nutritional and exercise counseling, even if it is inadequate for reliable individual risk prediction. BMI cut-offs must be reconsidered in populations of varying body build, age, and/or ethnicity. Since BMI-diagnosed overweight persons are sometimes physically and physiologically fit by other indicators, persons who are overweight on BMI should be more fully evaluated, diagnosed, and monitored with combined anthropometric and performance metrics to better clarify risks. The use of combined anthropometric and performance metrics involves integrating measurements of body composition with assessments of physical function and fitness to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of an individual's health and fitness status. Eligibility for bariatric surgery or semaglutide satiety/appetite-reduction medications should not be determined by BMI alone. Awareness of the advantages and limitations of using BMI as a tool to assess adult obesity can maximize its appropriate use in the context of population health and in rapid clinical screening and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Sten H. Vermund
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
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Kaazan P, Seow W, Yong S, Heilbronn LK, Segal JP. The Impact of Obesity on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3256. [PMID: 38137477 PMCID: PMC10740941 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is prevalent in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population, particularly in newly developed countries where both IBD and obesity in the general population are on the rise. The role of obesity in the pathogenesis of IBD was entertained but results from available studies are conflicting. It does, however, appear to negatively influence disease course whilst impacting on our medical and surgical therapies. The pro-inflammatory profile of the visceral adipose tissue might play a role in the pathogenesis and course of Crohn's Disease (CD). Interestingly, isolating the mesentery from the surgical anastomosis using a KONO-S technique significantly decreases anastomotic recurrence rate. Anti-obesity therapy is not widely used in IBD but was suggested as an adjunctive therapy in those patients. In this review, we aimed to highlight the epidemiology of obesity in IBD and to describe its influence on disease course and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kaazan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia (S.Y.)
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- IBDSA, Tennyson Centre, Kurralta Park, SA 5037, Australia
| | - Warren Seow
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia (S.Y.)
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Shaanan Yong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia (S.Y.)
| | - Leonie K. Heilbronn
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia (S.Y.)
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jonathan P. Segal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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Jove AG, Holmes HM, Tan MC, El-Serag HB, Thrift AP. Inverse Association Between Gluteofemoral Obesity and Risk of Non-Cardia Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:64-71. [PMID: 35569739 PMCID: PMC9653509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is unclear whether obesity confers increased risk of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma and its precursor, gastric intestinal metaplasia. Here, we examined whether various dimensions of adiposity independently predispose to the development of non-cardia gastric intestinal metaplasia. METHODS We compared data from 409 non-cardia gastric intestinal metaplasia cases and 1748 controls without any gastric intestinal metaplasia from a cross-sectional study at the VA Medical Center in Houston, Texas. Participants completed standardized questionnaires, underwent anthropometric measurements, and underwent a study endoscopy with gastric mapping biopsies. Non-cardia gastric intestinal metaplasia cases included participants with intestinal metaplasia on any non-cardia gastric biopsy. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using logistic regression models. RESULTS Increasing body mass index (BMI) was not associated with risk of non-cardia gastric intestinal metaplasia (per unit BMI adjusted OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.00). Similarly, we found no associations with increase in waist circumference (per 10-cm increase adjusted OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87-1.03) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (per unit WHR adjusted OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 0.37-14.7). However, there was a significant inverse association with gastric intestinal metaplasia and increasing hip circumference, reflecting gluteofemoral obesity (per 10-cm increase adjusted OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.98). The inverse association was observed for both extensive and focal gastric intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS The independent dimensions of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) are not associated with increased risk of non-cardia gastric intestinal metaplasia. The inverse association between gluteofemoral obesity and risk of gastric intestinal metaplasia warrants additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre G Jove
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hudson M Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mimi C Tan
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Ikenna UC, Nwobodo LN, Ezeukwu AO, Ilo IJ, Ede SS, Okemuo AJ, Okoh CF. Relationship between the development of musculoskeletal disorders, physical activity level, and academic stress among undergraduates students of University of Nigeria. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:399. [PMID: 36824071 PMCID: PMC9942129 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_416_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic stress is a common experience among university students. It can affect the body composition of the students through behavioral changes, which further affect their physical activity level (PAL). Musculoskeletal disorders could arise from the interaction of these factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between PAL, academic stress, selected anthropometric indices, and the development of MSDs among a selected Nigerian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 256 (129 females and 127 males) undergraduates of the University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus aged 15-30 years using Student's Stress Inventory to evaluate academic stress, the short-form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to determine the PAL, and a Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to assess MSDs. RESULTS The results showed a high PAL with the male students having more PAL (61.4%) than female students. Secondly, the prevalence of MSDs among the population was high (66.02%) and the students faced moderate academic stress with the prevalence being more among the female students (75.2%). A significant difference was observed between academic stress and the development of MSDs (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION This study's findings support the hypothesis that increased academic stress and low level of physical activity are linked to increased risks of MSDs among students. Thus, it is warranted that the University curriculum is re-adjusted and incorporate public enlightenment programs on possible causes and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, stress management, and coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loveth Nwuka Nwobodo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Ijeoma Judith Ilo
- Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Sunday Ede
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Physiotherapy, Gregory University Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Adaora Justina Okemuo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chisom Favour Okoh
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
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Hukportie DN, Li FR, Zhou R, Zheng JZ, Wu XX, Wu XB. Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index Variability and Incident Diabetic Microvascular Complications: A Post Hoc Analysis of ACCORD Trial. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:767-780. [PMID: 35584801 PMCID: PMC9532173 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with adverse health events among diabetic patients, however, the relationship between obesity fluctuation and risk of microvascular complications among this specific population is unclear. We aimed to examine the effect of waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) variability on the risk of diabetic microvascular outcome. METHODS Annually recorded anthropometric data in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study was used to examine the association of WC and BMI variability defined as variability independent of mean, with the risk of microvascular outcomes, including neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov., no. NCT00000620). RESULTS There were 4,031, 5,369, and 2,601 cases of neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy during a follow-up period of 22,524, 23,941, and 23,850 person-years, respectively. Higher levels of WC and BMI variability were associated with an increased risk of neuropathy. Compared with the lowest quartile, the fully-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest quartile of WC and BMI variability for neuropathy risk were 1.21 (1.05 to 1.40) and 1.16 (1.00 to 1.33), respectively. Also, higher quartiles of BMI variability but not WC variability were associated with increased risk of nephropathic events. The fully-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of BMI variability was 1.31 (1.18 to 1.46). However, the results for retinopathic events were all insignificant. CONCLUSION Among participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, WC and BMI variability were associated with a higher risk of neuropathic events, whereas BMI variability was associated with an increased risk of nephropathic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nyarko Hukportie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, 157th Hospital, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, China
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Holdsworth DA, Chamley R, Barker-Davies R, O’Sullivan O, Ladlow P, Mitchell JL, Dewson D, Mills D, May SLJ, Cranley M, Xie C, Sellon E, Mulae J, Naylor J, Raman B, Talbot NP, Rider OJ, Bennett AN, Nicol ED. Comprehensive clinical assessment identifies specific neurocognitive deficits in working-age patients with long-COVID. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267392. [PMID: 35687603 PMCID: PMC9187094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been more than 425 million COVID-19 infections worldwide. Post-COVID illness has become a common, disabling complication of this infection. Therefore, it presents a significant challenge to global public health and economic activity. METHODS Comprehensive clinical assessment (symptoms, WHO performance status, cognitive testing, CPET, lung function, high-resolution CT chest, CT pulmonary angiogram and cardiac MRI) of previously well, working-age adults in full-time employment was conducted to identify physical and neurocognitive deficits in those with severe or prolonged COVID-19 illness. RESULTS 205 consecutive patients, age 39 (IQR30.0-46.7) years, 84% male, were assessed 24 (IQR17.1-34.0) weeks after acute illness. 69% reported ≥3 ongoing symptoms. Shortness of breath (61%), fatigue (54%) and cognitive problems (47%) were the most frequent symptoms, 17% met criteria for anxiety and 24% depression. 67% remained below pre-COVID performance status at 24 weeks. One third of lung function tests were abnormal, (reduced lung volume and transfer factor, and obstructive spirometry). HRCT lung was clinically indicated in <50% of patients, with COVID-associated pathology found in 25% of these. In all but three HRCTs, changes were graded 'mild'. There was an extremely low incidence of pulmonary thromboembolic disease or significant cardiac pathology. A specific, focal cognitive deficit was identified in those with ongoing symptoms of fatigue, poor concentration, poor memory, low mood, and anxiety. This was notably more common in patients managed in the community during their acute illness. CONCLUSION Despite low rates of residual cardiopulmonary pathology, in this cohort, with low rates of premorbid illness, there is a high burden of symptoms and failure to regain pre-COVID performance 6-months after acute illness. Cognitive assessment identified a specific deficit of the same magnitude as intoxication at the UK drink driving limit or the deterioration expected with 10 years ageing, which appears to contribute significantly to the symptomatology of long-COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Holdsworth
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Military Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Chamley
- Academic Department of Military Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University of Oxford, OCMR, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Barker-Davies
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Stanford Hall, United Kingdom
- Loughborough University, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver O’Sullivan
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Stanford Hall, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ladlow
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Stanford Hall, United Kingdom
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James L. Mitchell
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Stanford Hall, United Kingdom
- University of Birmingham, Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Dewson
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Stanford Hall, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Mills
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Stanford Hall, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha L. J. May
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Stanford Hall, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cranley
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Xie
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Sellon
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Mulae
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Naylor
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Betty Raman
- University of Oxford, OCMR, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nick P. Talbot
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, University of Oxford, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J. Rider
- University of Oxford, OCMR, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. Bennett
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Stanford Hall, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward D. Nicol
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Gomes-Filho IS, Oliveira MT, Cruz SSD, Cerqueira EDMM, Trindade SC, Vieira GO, Couto Souza PH, Adan LFF, Hintz AM, Passos-Soares JDS, Scannapieco FA, Loomer PM, Seymour GJ, Figueiredo ACMG. Periodontitis is a factor associated with dyslipidemia. Oral Dis 2022; 28:813-823. [PMID: 33486821 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the severity of periodontitis (exposure) and dyslipidemia (outcome). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of users of public health services. Periodontitis was defined using the Center for Disease Prevention and Control and the American Academy of Periodontology criteria. Lipid evaluation used data on systemic biomarkers. Dyslipidemia diagnosis was based on the Guidelines of total cardiovascular risk of the World Health Organization. Weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured, and socioeconomic-demographic, lifestyle behavior factors, general and oral health conditions of the participants were collected. Hierarchical and logistic regression analyzes were used to determine the association between the exposures and the outcome. Odds Ratios, unadjusted and adjusted, and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS Of 1,011 individuals examined, 75.17% had dyslipidemia, and 84.17% had periodontitis, 0.2% with mild, 48.56% moderate, and 35.41% severe disease. The association between periodontitis and dyslipidemia was maintained through hierarchical analysis and in the multiple regression modeling, showing that the occurrences of dyslipidemia in the group with periodontitis, and its moderate and severe levels, were, respectively, 14%, 30%, and 16% higher compared with those without periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a positive association between moderate and severe periodontitis and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simone Seixas da Cruz
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Bahia, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Johelle de Santana Passos-Soares
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Michael Loomer
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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11
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Deka P, Pathak D, Klompstra L, Sempere-Rubio N, Querol-Giner F, Marques-Sule E. High-Intensity Interval and Resistance Training Improve Health Outcomes in Older Adults With Coronary Disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 23:60-65. [PMID: 34171293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance exercises (R) are used in cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the combined effect of an HIIT + R exercise program in older adults with CAD is not well investigated. The study's purpose was to assess the changes in anthropometric parameters, physical activity, functional capacity, physiological parameters, and quality of life (QoL) in this population following a combined HIIT + R program. DESIGN The study was a 2-group (n = 45 each) randomized controlled single-blinded trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study was done at a treatment clinic of a tertiary hospital. The mean age of participants was 69.23 ± 4.9 years. The HIIT + R group performed 8 sessions (1/wk) of HIIT + R training. The 30 minutes of the active exercise phase consisted of ten 3-minute bouts. Each bout comprised of 1 minute of high-intensity treadmill walking at 85% to 90% maximum heart rate (MHR), followed by a low-intensity walking at 60%-70% MHR, followed by low-to moderate-intensity resistance training. The Usual Care group underwent conventional medical treatment. MEASURES Anthropometric measurements [weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass], physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), functional capacity (Incremental Shuttle Walking Test), physiologic measurements (blood pressure, heart rate), and QoL (36-Item Short Form Health Survey) were measured pre- and postintervention. RESULTS Significant group and time interaction were found for the participants in the HIIT + R Group for BMI (P = .001), body fat percentage (P = .001), waist circumference (P < .001), physical activity (P < .001), functional capacity (P < .001), and QoL (P = .001) compared with the UC Group. Significant improvement in systolic blood pressure (P = .001) was seen in the HIIT + R group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A combined HIIT + R training protocol in older adults with CAD can be useful in producing desired health outcomes. Further evaluation of longer duration exercise programs with more frequent dosing needs to be evaluated for their benefits and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Deka
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Dola Pathak
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Leonie Klompstra
- Linkoping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping, Sweden
| | | | - Felipe Querol-Giner
- Physiotherapy in Motion. Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Marques-Sule
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Physiotherapy in Motion. Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Majumdar A, Giambartolomei C, Cai N, Haldar T, Schwarz T, Gandal M, Flint J, Pasaniuc B. Leveraging eQTLs to identify individual-level tissue of interest for a complex trait. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008915. [PMID: 34019542 PMCID: PMC8174686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition for complex traits often acts through multiple tissues at different time points during development. As a simple example, the genetic predisposition for obesity could be manifested either through inherited variants that control metabolism through regulation of genes expressed in the brain, or that control fat storage through dysregulation of genes expressed in adipose tissue, or both. Here we describe a statistical approach that leverages tissue-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) corresponding to tissue-specific genes to prioritize a relevant tissue underlying the genetic predisposition of a given individual for a complex trait. Unlike existing approaches that prioritize relevant tissues for the trait in the population, our approach probabilistically quantifies the tissue-wise genetic contribution to the trait for a given individual. We hypothesize that for a subgroup of individuals the genetic contribution to the trait can be mediated primarily through a specific tissue. Through simulations using the UK Biobank, we show that our approach can predict the relevant tissue accurately and can cluster individuals according to their tissue-specific genetic architecture. We analyze body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) in the UK Biobank to identify subgroups of individuals whose genetic predisposition act primarily through brain versus adipose tissue, and adipose versus muscle tissue, respectively. Notably, we find that these individuals have specific phenotypic features beyond BMI and WHRadjBMI that distinguish them from random individuals in the data, suggesting biological effects of tissue-specific genetic contribution for these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Majumdar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Claudia Giambartolomei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Na Cai
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome genome campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome genome campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Tanushree Haldar
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tommer Schwarz
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Gandal
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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13
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Santos EPRD, Silva CFR, Ohara DG, Matos AP, Pinto ACPN, Pegorari MS. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score as a discriminator of dynapenic abdominal obesity among community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:467-472. [PMID: 33714904 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to verify the utility of using physical performance to discriminate the presence of dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO) in older adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 382 community-dwelling older adults. DAO was identified when dynapenia (cut-off points of <26 kilogram-force [kgf] for men and <16 kgf for women) was detected together with abdominal obesity (waist circumference >102 cm for men and >88 cm for women). Physical performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). SPPB scores and DAO were inversely associated even after adjustment (OR: 0.69; 95%CI: 0.58-0.83). Cut-off points of ≤9 for SPPB scores were the most efficient for discriminating the presence of DAO in both men (AUC= 0.836; 95%CI: 0.76-0.89; sensitivity: 90.91% and specificity: 60.33%) and women (AUC= 0.677; 95%CI: 0.62-0.73; sensitivity: 73.33% and specificity: 40.91%). Physical performance assessed with SPPB can discriminate DAO and be useful for the timely identification and management of this condition in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elane Priscila Rosa Dos Santos
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fátima Ribeiro Silva
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Daniela Gonçalves Ohara
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Areolino Pena Matos
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes Pinto
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Maycon Sousa Pegorari
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.
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14
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Gomes-Filho IS, Santos PNP, Cruz SS, Figueiredo ACMG, Trindade SC, Ladeia AM, Cerqueira EMM, Passos-Soares JS, Coelho JMF, Hintz AM, Barreto ML, Fischer RG, Loomer PM, Scannapieco FA. Periodontitis and its higher levels of severity are associated with the triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1509-1521. [PMID: 33689171 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis and the Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio have both been associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Additionally, the ratio is a possible substitute for predicting insulin resistance. This study investigated the association between periodontitis, its severity levels (exposures), and the TG/HDL-C ratio (outcome). METHODS A cross-sectional study of public health service users in Brazil considered socioeconomic-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behavior, and general and oral health conditions. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were also measured. Systemic biomarker data were obtained, as well as assessment of periodontal diagnosis and its severity. The TG/HDL-C ratio was calculated using the serum triglyceride level over HDL cholesterol and the cut-off point, TG/HDL-C ≥2.3 serving as the cutoff indicting dyslipidemia. Logistic and linear regressions were used to statistically analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 1011 participants were included, with 84.17% having periodontitis and 49.85% having a TG/HDL-C ratio ≥2.3. For individuals with periodontitis, the odds of TG/HDL-C ratio ≥2.3 were 1.47 times greater than in those without periodontitis (ORAdjusted = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.02-2.14). Similar results were found for those with moderate and severe periodontitis, with a slight increase in the measurement magnitude with disease severity. CONCLUSION A positive relationship between periodontitis and the TG/HDL-C ratio ≥2.3 was found, suggesting a possible association with periodontal disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S Gomes-Filho
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Pedro N P Santos
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Simone S Cruz
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.,Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana C M G Figueiredo
- Epidemiology Surveillance, Federal District Health State Department, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Soraya C Trindade
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana M Ladeia
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eneida M M Cerqueira
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Julita M F Coelho
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Hintz
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Barreto
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo G Fischer
- Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Peter M Loomer
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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15
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Pappe CL, Steckhan N, Hoedke D, Jepsen S, Rauch G, Keller T, Michalsen A, Dommisch H. Prolonged multimodal fasting modulates periodontal inflammation in female patients with metabolic syndrome: A prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:492-502. [PMID: 33393121 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the potential anti-inflammatory effect of a multimodal periodic fasting programme on surrogate parameters of periodontal inflammation in hospitalized patients diagnosed for metabolic syndrome (MetS). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 47 patients were recruited and hospitalized in an integrative ward for an intensified two-week multimodal fasting, diet and lifestyle programme. Patients were periodontally examined at baseline (t1), after the 2-week fasting protocol (t2) and, subsequently, 4 months after fasting (t3). The following parameters were determined: periodontal screening index (PSI), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF), plaque index (PI), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose (FGLU), triglycerides (TRG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HbA1c. RESULTS A total of 28 female and 8 male patients fulfilled the defined criteria for MetS and were analysed separately by gender. At t2, BOP and GCF were reduced when compared to t1 (median: t2 = 39; t1 = 33.1%; p < .001 and t2 = 73.9; t1 = 59.3 Periotron units p = .02, respectively). BOP reduction correlated to FGLU (R = .37, p = .049) and weight reduction (R = .4, p = .04). CONCLUSION This study showed for the first time that clinically supervised periodic fasting in female patients with MetS may facilitate the reduction of periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Laetitia Pappe
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Steckhan
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Digital Engineering Faculty, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniela Hoedke
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Geralinde Rauch
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresa Keller
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Periodontology, Health Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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16
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Barocrinology: The Endocrinology of Obesity from Bench to Bedside. Med Sci (Basel) 2020; 8:medsci8040051. [PMID: 33371340 PMCID: PMC7768467 DOI: 10.3390/medsci8040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic proportions. Hormonal and metabolic imbalances are the key factors that lead to obesity. South Asian populations have a unique phenotype, peculiar dietary practices, and a high prevalence of consanguinity. Moreover, many lower middle-income countries lack appropriate resources, super-specialists, and affordability to manage this complex disorder. Of late, there has been a substantial increase in both obesity and diabesity in India. Thus, many more patients are being managed by different types of bariatric procedures today than ever before. These patients have many types of endocrine and metabolic disturbances before and after bariatric surgery. Therefore, these patients should be managed by experts who have knowledge of both bariatric surgery and endocrinology. The authors propose “Barocrinology”, a novel terminology in medical literature, to comprehensively describe the field of obesity medicine highlighting the role of knowing endocrine physiology for understating its evolution, insights into its complications and appreciating the changes in the hormonal milieu following weight loss therapies including bariatric surgery. Barocrinology, coined as a portmanteau of “baro” (weight) and endocrinology, focuses upon the endocrine and metabolic domains of weight physiology and pathology. This review summarizes the key pointers of bariatric management from an endocrine perspective.
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17
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Gomes-Filho IS, Balinha IDSCE, da Cruz SS, Trindade SC, Cerqueira EDMM, Passos-Soares JDS, Coelho JMF, Ladeia AMT, Vianna MIP, Hintz AM, de Santana TC, Dos Santos PP, Figueiredo ACMG, da Silva ICO, Scannapieco FA, Barreto ML, Loomer PM. Moderate and severe periodontitis are positively associated with metabolic syndrome. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3719-3727. [PMID: 33226499 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between periodontitis severity (exposure) and metabolic syndrome (MetS - outcome), using two criteria for diagnosis of the outcome, since this relationship remains unexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted with 870 individuals: 408 with first MetS diagnosis (cases) and 462 without MetS (controls). Participants' general information was obtained using a questionnaire and laboratory data was collected from medical records. Periodontitis severity criteria followed the Center for Disease Control and Prevention: none, mild, moderate, and severe. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Findings showed a positive association between moderate and severe periodontitis and MetS: ORadjusted = 1.64 (95% CI: 1.01 to 2.68) and ORadjusted = 1.94 (95% CI: 1.19 to 3.16), respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, schooling level, smoking habit, and cardiovascular disease. The adjusted measurements showed that among individuals with moderate or severe periodontitis, the probability of having MetS was around two times greater than among those without periodontitis, and that the chance was greater among participants with severe periodontitis than those with moderate periodontitis. CONCLUSION An association between the severity of periodontal status and MetS was found, suggesting a possible relationship between the two diseases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MetS influences the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The findings suggest that the greater the severity of periodontitis, the greater is the association magnitude with MetS. The health professional needs to recognize that the importance of periodontal disease may play in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Suzart Gomes-Filho
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil.
| | - Izadora da S C E Balinha
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Simone S da Cruz
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil.,Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Soraya C Trindade
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Eneida de M M Cerqueira
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Johelle de S Passos-Soares
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Julita Maria F Coelho
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Ana Marice T Ladeia
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel P Vianna
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Hintz
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Teresinha C de Santana
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | - Pedro P Dos Santos
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | | | - Ivana C O da Silva
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 379, Centro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44025-010, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício L Barreto
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Peter M Loomer
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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18
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Cornacchia S, La Tegola L, Maldera A, Pierpaoli E, Tupputi U, Ricatti G, Eusebi L, Salerno S, Guglielmi G. Radiation protection in non-ionizing and ionizing body composition assessment procedures. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:1723-1738. [PMID: 32742963 PMCID: PMC7378088 DOI: 10.21037/qims-19-1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Body composition assessment (BCA) represents a valid instrument to evaluate nutritional status through the quantification of lean and fat tissue, in healthy subjects and sick patients. According to the clinical indication, body composition (BC) can be assessed by different modalities. To better analyze radiation risks for patients involved, BCA procedures can be divided into two main groups: the first based on the use of ionizing radiation (IR), involving dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT), and others based on non-ionizing radiation (NIR) [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. Ultrasound (US) techniques using mechanical waves represent a separate group. The purpose of our study was to analyze publications about IR and NIR effects in order to make physicians aware about the risks for patients undergoing medical procedures to assess BCA providing to guide them towards choosing the most suitable method. To this end we reported the biological effects of IR and NIR and their associated risks, with a special regard to the excess risk of death from radio-induced cancer. Furthermore, we reported and compared doses obtained from different IR techniques, giving practical indications on the optimization process. We also summarized current recommendations and limits for techniques employing NIR and US. The authors conclude that IR imaging procedures carry relatively small individual risks that are usually justified by the medical need of patients, especially when the optimization principle is applied. As regards NIR imaging procedures, a few studies have been conducted on interactions between electromagnetic fields involved in MR exam and biological tissue. To date, no clear link exists between MRI or associated magnetic and pulsed radio frequency (RF) fields and subsequent health risks, whereas acute effects such as tissue burns and phosphenes are well-known; as regards the DNA damage and the capability of NIR to break chemical bonds, they are not yet robustly demonstrated. MRI is thus considered to be very safe for BCA as well US procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Cornacchia
- Medical Physics Unit, Dimiccoli Hospital Barletta, Barletta, ASL Barletta-Andria-Trani, Italy
| | - Luciana La Tegola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | - Arcangela Maldera
- Medical Physics Unit, Dimiccoli Hospital Barletta, Barletta, ASL Barletta-Andria-Trani, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Tupputi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricatti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Salerno
- Department of Radiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy
- “Dimiccoli” Hospital, University Campus of Barletta, Barletta, Italy
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Vallières E, Roy-Gagnon MH, Parent MÉ. Body shape and pants size as surrogate measures of obesity among males in epidemiologic studies. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101167. [PMID: 32939332 PMCID: PMC7479209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative anthropometric indicators reflect overall and abdominal obesity in males. Abdominal obesity is predicted using age, pants size, Stunkard’s silhouette & weight. Stunkard’s silhouette scale reflects well body mass index recently and in the past. This study aimed at characterizing anthropometric indicators that can be used as alternatives to measurements for assessing overall obesity over adulthood and abdominal obesity among men. We used data from a population-based case-control study of prostate cancer conducted in Montreal, Canada in 2005–2012. It included men aged ≤ 75 years, 1872 of which were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer, and 1918 others randomly selected from the electoral list. In-person interviews elicited reports of height as well as of weight, pants size and Stunkard’s silhouette at 5 time points over adulthood, i.e., for the ages of 20, 40, 50 and 60 years, if applicable, and at the time of interview. Waist and hip circumferences were measured by interviewers following a validated protocol. Analyses were conducted on the overall sample of 3790 subjects, after having confirmed that results did not differ according to disease status. Stunkard’s silhouette scale proved to be an easy-to-administer tool that reflects well reported body mass index, either recently or decades in the past among adult males. It was discriminatory enough to classify individuals according to commonly-used obesity categories. We observed that a model including age, reported pants size, silhouette and weight can reasonably predict current abdominal obesity. In conclusion, alternative anthropometric indicators can serve as valuable means to assess overall and abdominal obesity when measurements cannot be envisaged in the context of epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vallières
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. Des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Roy-Gagnon
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. Des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada.,University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Pavillon R, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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Chiba I, Lee S, Bae S, Makino K, Shinkai Y, Shimada H. Visceral Fat Accumulation Is Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Women. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:352-357. [PMID: 32115619 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Visceral fat accumulation is detrimental for brain health and is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. The objectives of the present study were to examine the association between visceral fat accumulation and prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its subtypes. DESIGN a cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS This study enrolled 6,109 community-dwelling older adults, including 3,434 women (mean age: 74.4 years) and 2,675 men (mean age: 74.3 years). Individuals with dementia, Parkinson's disease, stroke, Mini-Mental State Examination scores ≤23, and who could not perform basic activities of daily living independently were excluded. MEASUREMENTS Participants underwent neurocognitive assessments to assess mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes. Visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using abdominal bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants were divided into quartile groups by VFA. RESULTS There were 731 (21.3%) women and 562 (21.0%) men with MCI, and the median VFA values were 63.3 cm2 and 96.3 cm2, respectively. Women participants in the second (adjusted odds ratios [aOR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.54-0.94), third (aOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47-0.92), and fourth quartiles of VFA (aOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.93) had a significantly lower risk of MCI than those in the first quartile. Higher VFA quartiles in women were associated with lower risk of non-amnestic MCI. There were no significant differences in men between quartiles. CONCLUSIONS Visceral fat accumulation was associated with MCI, especially non-amnestic MCI, in community-dwelling older Japanese women. These results suggest that visceral fat accumulation is partially protective against cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chiba
- Ippei Chiba, 7-430, Morioka-cho, Obu, City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; E-mail: ; Tel/FAX: +81-562-44-5651; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-3595
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Chin KY, Wong SK, Ekeuku SO, Pang KL. Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Bone Health - An Evaluation of Epidemiological Studies and Mechanisms Involved. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3667-3690. [PMID: 33116718 PMCID: PMC7569044 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s275560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are two medical problems plaguing the ageing populations worldwide. Though seemingly distinctive to each other, metabolic derangements are shown to influence bone health. This review summarises the relationship between MetS and bone health derived from epidemiological studies and explains the mechanistic basis of this relationship. The discourse focuses on the link between MetS and bone mineral density, quantitative sonometric indices, geometry and fracture risk in humans. The interesting sex-specific trend in the relationship, probably due to factors related to body composition and hormonal status, is discussed. Mechanistically, each component of MetS affects the bone distinctly, forming a complex interacting network influencing the skeleton. Lastly, the effects of MetS management, such as pharmacotherapies, exercise and bariatric surgery, on bone, are presented. This review aims to highlight the significant relationship between MetS and bone, and proper management of MetS with the skeletal system in mind could prevent cardiovascular and bone complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Kok-Yong Chin Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaTel +60 3-9145 9573 Email
| | - Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Aitken-Buck HM, Moharram M, Babakr AA, Reijers R, Van Hout I, Fomison-Nurse IC, Sugunesegran R, Bhagwat K, Davis PJ, Bunton RW, Williams MJA, Stiles MK, Jones PP, Coffey S, Lamberts RR. Relationship between epicardial adipose tissue thickness and epicardial adipocyte size with increasing body mass index. Adipocyte 2019; 8:412-420. [PMID: 31829077 PMCID: PMC6948959 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1701387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroscopic deposition of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been strongly associated with numerous indices of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. In contrast, the morphology of EAT adipocytes has rarely been investigated. We aimed to determine whether obesity-driven adipocyte hypertrophy, which is characteristic of other visceral fat depots, is found within EAT adipocytes. EAT samples were collected from cardiac surgery patients (n = 49), stained with haematoxylin & eosin, and analysed for mean adipocyte size and non-adipocyte area. EAT thickness was measured using echocardiography. A significant positive relationship was found between EAT thickness and body mass index (BMI). When stratified into standardized BMI categories, EAT thickness was 58.7% greater (p = 0.003) in patients from the obese (7.3 ± 1.8 mm) compared to normal (4.6 ± 0.9 mm) category. BMI as a continuous variable significantly correlated with EAT thickness (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001). Conversely, no correlation was observed between adipocyte size and either BMI or EAT thickness. No difference in the non-adipocyte area was found between BMI groups. Our results suggest that the increased macroscopic EAT deposition associated with obesity is not caused by adipocyte hypertrophy. Rather, alternative remodelling via adipocyte proliferation might be responsible for the observed EAT expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish M. Aitken-Buck
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mohammed Moharram
- Department of Medicine, HeartOtago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Aram A Babakr
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robin Reijers
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle Van Hout
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ingrid C. Fomison-Nurse
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ramanen Sugunesegran
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Krishna Bhagwat
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Phillip J Davis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard W. Bunton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael J. A. Williams
- Department of Medicine, HeartOtago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Martin K. Stiles
- Department of Cardiology, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Waikato Clinical School, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Peter P. Jones
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sean Coffey
- Department of Medicine, HeartOtago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Regis R. Lamberts
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Máximo RDO, Santos JLF, Perracini MR, Oliveira CD, Duarte YADO, Alexandre TDS. Abdominal obesity, dynapenia and dynapenic-abdominal obesity as factors associated with falls. Braz J Phys Ther 2019; 23:497-505. [PMID: 30391361 PMCID: PMC6849078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether abdominal obesity, dynapenia and dynapenic-abdominal obesity are associated to the prevalence of single or recurrent falls in older adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 1,046 community-dwelling participants of the SABE Study (Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento/Health, Well-Being and Ageing). Participants were classified as non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obese, abdominal obese only, dynapenic only, and dynapenic-abdominal obese based on waist circumference (>102cm for men and >88cm for women) and handgrip strength (<26kg for men and <16kg for women). Multinomial logistic regression models were ran to determine associations between dynapenia/obesity/dynapenic-abdominal obesity and single/recurring falls, taking non-fallers as reference. RESULTS Abdominal obesity (RRR=1.90 95% CI: 1.02-3.55), dynapenia (RRR=1.80 95% CI: 1.02-3.19), and dynapenic-abdominal obesity (RRR=2.06 95% CI: 1.04-4.10) were associated with a single fall. A stronger association for dynapenic-abdominal obesity compared to the other two conditions alone was found. Dynapenia was the unique condition associated with recurrent falls (RRR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.13-4.81). CONCLUSION The present findings have important implications for the identification of older adults with a greater chance of falls and can help in the development of rehabilitation strategies. Therefore, abdominal obese, dynapenic, and dynapenic abdominal obese individuals should be target groups for the management of falls and their consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mônica Rodrigues Perracini
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Master's and Doctoral Programs in Gerontology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tiago da Silva Alexandre
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Gerontology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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24
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Gomwe H, Seekoe E, Lyoka P, Marange CS. The relationship between body composition and blood pressure among primary school children in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2019; 11:e1-e6. [PMID: 31588772 PMCID: PMC6779970 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v11i1.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In South Africa, especially in the Eastern Cape province, despite reported high prevalence of underweight and obesity, little is known regarding the relationship of body composition (BC) with blood pressure (BP) in primary school children. Understanding the relationship between BC and BP in these children is important because it is associated with adverse effects on health and social repercussion in both adolescence and adulthood. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between BC and BP among South African primary school children. Setting This study was conducted on a cohort of primary school learners in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Methods A school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 876 school children aged 9–14 years, using multistage sampling techniques. Body mass and stature were measured using a calibrated scale. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist circumference, triceps, gluteal and subscapular were also collected. Body mass index, percentage body fat and waist-to-hip ratio were calculated. Results Of the 876 participants, 356 (40.6%) were boys and 520 (59.0%) were girls. The Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients revealed positive significant correlations between systolic BP with age (r = 0.171; p < 0.0001), stature (r = 0.205; p < 0.0001), weight (r = 0.277; p < 0.0001), body mass index (r = 0.243; p < 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.259; p < 0.0001), gluteal (r = 0.214; p < 0.0001), triceps (r = 0.203; p < 0.0001), subscapular (r = 0.167; p < 0.0001), body fat percentage (r = 0.206; p < 0.0001), fat mass (r = 0.257; p < 0.0001) and fat-free mass (r = 0.238; p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant correlation between waist-to-hip ratio and systolic BP (r = 0.064; p = 0.059). In terms of diastolic BP, there existed no significant correlations with age (r = 0.026; p = 0.443) and waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.002; p = 0.947). Collectively, the prevalence of hypertension was 76.4% in the normal group compared with those who were pre-hypertensive (18.4%) and hypertensive (5.3%). Girls showed a higher prevalence of pre-hypertension than boys (19.6% compared with 16.6%, respectively). Conclusion There is a relationship between most of the BC variables and BP in children. The screening of BP as part of physical examinations of school children is necessary for early prevention and intervention programmes for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Gomwe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, East London.
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25
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Obradovic Salcin L, Karin Z, Miljanovic Damjanovic V, Ostojic M, Vrdoljak A, Gilic B, Sekulic D, Lang-Morovic M, Markic J, Sajber D. Physical Activity, Body Mass, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Split-Dalmatia County (Croatia). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183237. [PMID: 31487822 PMCID: PMC6765942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity, body mass, and dietary habits are known to be important determinants of overall health status, but there is an evident lack of studies that examine these issues specifically in preschool children. The aim of this study was to identify associations that may exist between adhering to the Mediterranean diet (MD), levels of physical activity (PA), and body composition indices in apparently healthy preschool children from southern Croatia. Participants were 5- to 6-year-old preschoolers from the Mediterranean part of the country (the Split-Dalmatia County; n = 260, 126 females). Adherence to the MD was observed by the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), PA level was evaluated by the Preschool-age Children’s Physical Activity Questionnaire (Pre-PAQ), and responses were collected from the parents. The participants’ waist circumferences (in cm), waist-to-hip ratios, and body mass index (in kg/m2, and in a z-score calculated relative to the normative value for age and sex) were used as indicators of body composition. All children were of the same age and tested over a one-month period of the same year as a part of the regular examination undertaken before attending elementary school. With only 6% of the children having a low KIDMED score, adherence to the MD was high. MD adherence was higher in girls (Chi-square = 15.31, p < 0.01) and children who live on the coast of the Adriatic Sea (Chi-square = 18.51, p < 0.01). A mixed effects logistic regression (with kindergarten as random factor) identified sedentary activity to be negatively associated with MD adherence (OR per point: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44–0.91). High adherence to the MD in the studied sample may be attributed to regulated feeding in kindergarten. Considering that most Croatian elementary schools do not provide food to their students, MD adherence should be investigated later in life and also in other parts of the country where the MD is culturally less prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Obradovic Salcin
- Clinic for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zeljka Karin
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Split Dalmatian County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Miljanovic Damjanovic
- Clinic for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marko Ostojic
- Clinic for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Andrea Vrdoljak
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Split Dalmatian County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Maja Lang-Morovic
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Health Promotion Division, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josko Markic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dorica Sajber
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Aimo A, Januzzi JL, Vergaro G, Clerico A, Latini R, Meessen J, Anand IS, Cohn JN, Gravning J, Ueland T, Nymo SH, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Bayes-Genis A, Lupón J, de Boer RA, Yoshihisa A, Takeishi Y, Egstrup M, Gustafsson I, Gaggin HK, Eggers KM, Huber K, Tentzeris I, Ripoli A, Passino C, Emdin M. Revisiting the obesity paradox in heart failure: Per cent body fat as predictor of biomarkers and outcome. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1751-1759. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487319852809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aims Obesity defined by body mass index (BMI) is characterized by better prognosis and lower plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in heart failure. We assessed whether another anthropometric measure, per cent body fat (PBF), reveals different associations with outcome and heart failure biomarkers (NT-proBNP, high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2)). Methods In an individual patient dataset, BMI was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m) 2 , and PBF through the Jackson–Pollock and Gallagher equations. Results Out of 6468 patients (median 68 years, 78% men, 76% ischaemic heart failure, 90% reduced ejection fraction), 24% died over 2.2 years (1.5–2.9), 17% from cardiovascular death. Median PBF was 26.9% (22.4–33.0%) with the Jackson–Pollock equation, and 28.0% (23.8–33.5%) with the Gallagher equation, with an extremely strong correlation ( r = 0.996, p < 0.001). Patients in the first PBF tertile had the worst prognosis, while patients in the second and third tertile had similar survival. The risks of all-cause and cardiovascular death decreased by up to 36% and 27%, respectively, per each doubling of PBF. Furthermore, prognosis was better in the second or third PBF tertiles than in the first tertile regardless of model variables. Both BMI and PBF were inverse predictors of NT-proBNP, but not hs-TnT. In obese patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, third PBF tertile), hs-TnT and sST2, but not NT-proBNP, independently predicted outcome. Conclusion In parallel with increasing BMI or PBF there is an improvement in patient prognosis and a decrease in NT-proBNP, but not hs-TnT or sST2. hs-TnT or sST2 are stronger predictors of outcome than NT-proBNP among obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aimo
- Cardiology Division, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy
| | - James L Januzzi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, USA
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aldo Clerico
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Research IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche – ‘Mario Negri’, Milan, Italy
| | - Jennifer Meessen
- Department of Cardiovascular Research IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche – ‘Mario Negri’, Milan, Italy
| | - Inder S Anand
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
- Department of Cardiology, VA Medical Centre, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jay N Cohn
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jørgen Gravning
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ståle H Nymo
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | | | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Josep Lupón
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - Akiomi Yoshihisa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Michael Egstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Ida Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Hanna K Gaggin
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, USA
| | - Kai M Eggers
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Kurt Huber
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Wilhelminenspital and Sigmund Freud University Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ioannis Tentzeris
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Wilhelminenspital and Sigmund Freud University Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Claudio Passino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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27
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An assessment of Body Mass Index and sensitive period for overweight development in Macao students at primary school age. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2019-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The concomitant risk of physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle development causing various non-communicable diseases is recognized worldwide. Therefore, development of strategies to form a concrete public health policy overcoming this problem is most important. This study observed the distribution and changes of Body Mass Index (BMI) over six years among boys and girls. Data on children height and weight and their BMI were collected. A total of 5369 (3368 male and 2001 female) children were recruited from 10 schools in Macao. The children were 6 years old in 2008 and turned 11 in 2013. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics, t-test, and a Chi-squared test. The findings indicated greater BMI among males than females across all age at the 0.05 level of significance, and the ages of 8 and 9 seemed to be a sensitive period for an increase in overweight and obesity. The results indicate the need to have focused strategies and structured interventions for males at the critical ages from 8 to 9 years.
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Huang H, Liao D, Dong Y, Pu R. Clinical effectiveness of quercetin supplementation in the management of weight loss: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:553-563. [PMID: 31114281 PMCID: PMC6497115 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s199830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The previous investigations which considered the possible effect of the quercetin supplementation for overweight and obesity have led to inconsistent results. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin on weight loss using a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Methods: Relevant studies were systematically searched from the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. RCTs that investigated the effects of quercetin on weight loss in humans were included for quality assessment, meta-analyses, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analyses, and publication bias assessment. Effect size was expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI by using a random-effects model. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to rate the level of evidence. Results: Nine RCTs (11 treatment arms) with 525 participants were finally included for data pooling. Our meta-analysis revealed that daily quercetin supplementation did not significantly affect the body weight (WMD: -0.35 kg, 95% CI: -2.03, 1.33; P=0.68), body mass index (WMD: -0.04 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.54, 0.45; P=0.87), waist circumference (WMD: -0.37 cm, 95% CI: -1.81, 1.06; P=0.61), and waist to hip ratio (WMD: -0.01, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.01; P=0.48). Subgroup analysis could not identify factors significantly influencing these parameters. These results were robust in sensitivity analysis, and no significant publication bias was found. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that quercetin intake did not show a notably favorable effect on weight loss. Future well-designed and long-term clinical trials are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohai Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Haohai HuangDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.1, Huangzhou Xianglong Road of Shilong Town, Dongguan, Guangdong523326, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 769 8136 8831Fax +86 769 8136 8802Email
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Gynaecology, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Dong
- Department of Cancer Center, Dongguan Third People‘s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Pu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People‘s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Wei L, Li N, Wang G, Feng X, Lyu Z, Li X, Wen Y, Chen Y, Chen H, Chen S, Wu S, Dai M, He J. Waist Circumference Might Be a Predictor of Primary Liver Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Front Oncol 2018; 8:607. [PMID: 30631750 PMCID: PMC6315118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Waist circumference, as an indicator of central adiposity, has been identified as an important predictor of several specific cancers such as colorectal cancer and gastroesophageal cancer risk, however, a consensus regarding the association between waist circumference and primary liver cancer (PLC) risk has not been reached. Methods: A total of 104,825 males participating in the health checkup were included in the Kailuan male cohort study (2006–2015). Information on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, medical records, and anthropometric measures were collected. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of association between waist circumference and the risk of PLC in males. Results: During a median of 8.9 years of follow-up, 346 PLC cases were newly diagnosed in the cohort. The RCS model showed a U-shaped association between waist circumference and PLC risk (P-overall = 0.019, P-non-linear = 0.017). Overally, males with both high waist circumference (HRQ5vs.Q3 = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.39–2.82) and low waist circumference (HRQ1vs.Q3 = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.02–2.27) had an increased risk of PLC. Especially, the U-shaped association between waist circumference and PLC risk tended to be strengthened among subjects with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negativity (HRQ5vs.Q3 = 2.39, 95%CI: 1.43–3.98; HRQ1vs.Q3 = 2.27, 95%CI = 1.29–4.01). Conclusions: Waist circumference might be an independent predictor of PLC risk in males, especially for subjects with HBsAg negativity. Controlling waist circumference in an appropriate range might be an effective primary prevention to decrease PLC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luopei Wei
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangyan Lyu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuheng Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongda Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Health Department of Kailuan (Group), Tangshan, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Health Department of Kailuan (Group), Tangshan, China
| | - Min Dai
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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30
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Almeida NS, Rocha R, Cotrim HP, Daltro C. Anthropometric indicators of visceral adiposity as predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:695-701. [PMID: 30386462 PMCID: PMC6206145 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i10.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to critically analyze studies that evaluated the predictive capacity of indicators of visceral adiposity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The bibliographic research was carried out using the electronic database PubMed, LILACS and SciELO, references of selected articles. Although we found few studies, they have already used several indicators of visceral adiposity as waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, Lipid accumulation product, Body Shape Index, Body Roundness Index and most them were good predictors of NAFLD. Thus, the anthropometric indicators may contribute for the diagnosis of NAFLD in a simple, low-cost and non-invasive way, allowing early therapeutic measures to prevent the evolution to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiade Silveira Almeida
- Department of Sciences of Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-150, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Raquel Rocha
- Department of Sciences of Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-150, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Helma Pinchemel Cotrim
- Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-150, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carla Daltro
- Department of Sciences of Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-150, Bahia, Brazil
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31
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Martinelli B, Di Lorenzo VAP, Neves VR, Barrile SR, Costa D, Jamami M. Cardiorespiratory repercussions of the chest physical therapy in men with abdominal obesity and restrictive pulmonary disorders. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2018.1503716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Martinelli
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of do Sagrado Coração – USC, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Victor R. Neves
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of do Sagrado Coração – USC, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Barrile
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of do Sagrado Coração – USC, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Costa
- Department of Physical Therapy, UNINOVE University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Jamami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Abdominal obesity and prostate cancer risk: epidemiological evidence from the EPICAP study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34485-34494. [PMID: 30349643 PMCID: PMC6195387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, but inconsistent results have been observed between body mass index (BMI) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, some associations have been reported with other indicators such as waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). We investigated the role of anthropometric indicators in PCa risk based on data from the Epidemiological study of Prostate Cancer (EPICAP). EPICAP is a population-based case-control study that included 819 incident PCa in 2012–2013 and 879 controls frequency matched by age. Anthropometric indicators (weight, height, WC, and hip circumference) have been measured at interview. Logistic regression models were used to assess odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between anthropometric indicators (BMI, WC and WHR) and PCa risk. We observed a slight, but not significant increased risk of PCa for men with a WC > 94 cm (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.92–1.56) and for men with a WHR ≥ 0.95 (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.00–1.70 between 0.95 and 1.00, OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.96–1.61 above 1.00). Associations were more pronounced after adjustment and stratification for BMI and in men with aggressive PCa. Our results suggest that abdominal obesity may be associated with an increased risk of PCa, especially aggressive PCa.
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33
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Hagström H, Andreasson A, Carlsson AC, Jerkeman M, Carlsten M. Body composition measurements and risk of hematological malignancies: A population-based cohort study during 20 years of follow-up. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202651. [PMID: 30138405 PMCID: PMC6107196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High body mass index (BMI) is associated with development of hematological malignancies (HMs). However, although BMI is a well-established measurement of excess weight, it does not fully reflect body composition and can sometimes misclassify individuals. This study aimed at investigating what body composition measurements had highest association with development of HM. Body composition measurements on 27,557 individuals recorded by healthcare professionals as part of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study conducted in Sweden between 1991–1996 were matched with data from national registers on cancer incidence and causes of death. Cox regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to test the association between one standard deviation increments in body composition measurements and risk of HM. During a median follow-up of 20 years, 564 persons developed an HM. Several body composition measurements were associated with risk of developing an HM, but the strongest association was found for multiple myeloma (MM). Waist circumference (HR 1.31, p = 0.04) and waist-hip ratio (HR 1.61, p = 0.05) had higher risk estimates than BMI (HR 1.18, p = 0.07) for MM. In conclusion, our study shows that measurements of abdominal adiposity better predict the risk of developing HM, particularly MM, compared to BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hagström
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Axel C. Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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34
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Borga M, West J, Bell JD, Harvey NC, Romu T, Heymsfield SB, Dahlqvist Leinhard O. Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling. J Investig Med 2018; 66:1-9. [PMID: 29581385 PMCID: PMC5992366 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2018-000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper gives a brief overview of common non-invasive techniques for body composition analysis and a more in-depth review of a body composition assessment method based on fat-referenced quantitative MRI. Earlier published studies of this method are summarized, and a previously unpublished validation study, based on 4753 subjects from the UK Biobank imaging cohort, comparing the quantitative MRI method with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is presented. For whole-body measurements of adipose tissue (AT) or fat and lean tissue (LT), DXA and quantitative MRIs show excellent agreement with linear correlation of 0.99 and 0.97, and coefficient of variation (CV) of 4.5 and 4.6 per cent for fat (computed from AT) and LT, respectively, but the agreement was found significantly lower for visceral adipose tissue, with a CV of >20 per cent. The additional ability of MRI to also measure muscle volumes, muscle AT infiltration and ectopic fat, in combination with rapid scanning protocols and efficient image analysis tools, makes quantitative MRI a powerful tool for advanced body composition assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Borga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Janne West
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Thobias Romu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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35
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Fatima Y, Doi SA, Al Mamun A. Sleep problems in adolescence and overweight/obesity in young adults: is there a causal link? Sleep Health 2018; 4:154-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Hill JH, Solt C, Foster MT. Obesity associated disease risk: the role of inherent differences and location of adipose depots. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 33:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0012/hmbci-2018-0012.xml. [PMID: 29547393 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic co-morbidities are a worldwide public health problem. Negative health outcomes associated with obesity, however, do not arise from excessive adiposity alone. Rather, deleterious outcomes of adipose tissue accumulation are a result of how adipocytes are distributed to individual regions in the body. Due to our increased understanding of the dynamic relationship that exists between specific adipose depots and disease risk, an accurate characterization of total body adiposity as well as location is required to properly evaluate a population's disease risk. Specifically, distinctive tissue depots within the body include the lower body, upper body and abdominal (deep and superficial) subcutaneous regions, as well as visceral (mesenteric and omental) regions. Upper body and visceral adipose tissues are highly associated with metabolic dysfunction and chronic disease development, whereas lower body gluteofemoral subcutaneous adipose tissue imparts protection against diet-induced metabolic derangement. Each adipose depot functions distinctly as an endocrine organ hence it has a different level of impact on health outcomes. Effluent from adipose tissue can modulate the functions of other tissues, whilst receiving differential communication from the rest of the body via central nervous system innervation, metabolites and other signaling molecules. More so, adipose depots contain a diverse reservoir of tissue-resident immune cells that play an integral part in both maintaining tissue homeostasis, as well as propagating metabolically-induced inflammation. Overall, the conceptualization of obesity and associated risks needs updating to reflect the complexities of obesity. We review adipose tissue characteristics that are linked to deleterious or beneficial adipose tissue distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Hill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Solt
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michelle T Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA, Phone: +(970) 491-6189, Fax: +(970) 491-3875
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Zayed KN, Ahmed MD, Van Niekerk RL, Ho WKY. The mediating role of exercise behaviour on satisfaction with life, mental well-being and BMI among university employees. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1430716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kashef N. Zayed
- Department of Physical Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Rudolph Leon Van Niekerk
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, College of Education, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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38
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Martinelli B, Pires Di Lorenzo VA, Quitério RJ, Ambrozin ARP, Arca EA, Jamami M. Cardiorespiratory repercussions according to the abdominal circumference measurement of men with obstructive respiratory disorder submitted to respiratory physiotherapy. Physiother Theory Pract 2018; 34:835-845. [DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1430195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Martinelli
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Amorim Pires Di Lorenzo
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robison José Quitério
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Aguilar Arca
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, University of Sagrado Coração – USC, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Jamami
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tamura M, Hoshi C, Kimura Y, Suzuki T, Yamamoto-Maeda M. Effects of γ-Polyglutamic Acid on the Cecal Microbiota and Visceral Fat in KK-A y/TaJcl Male Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Tamura
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Chigusa Hoshi
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Yukiko Kimura
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Tadahiro Suzuki
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Mari Yamamoto-Maeda
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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40
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Lang LH, Parekh K, Tsui BYK, Maze M. Perioperative management of the obese surgical patient. Br Med Bull 2017; 124:135-155. [PMID: 29140418 PMCID: PMC5862330 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The escalation in the prevalence of obesity throughout the world has led to an upsurge in the number of obese surgical patients to whom perioperative care needs to be delivered. SOURCES OF DATA After determining the scope of the review, the authors used PubMed with select phrases encompassing the words in the scope. Both preclinical and clinical reports were considered. AREAS OF AGREEMENT There were no controversies regarding preoperative management and the intraoperative care of the obese surgical patient. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Is there a healthy obese state that gives rise to the obesity paradox regarding postoperative complications? GROWING POINTS This review considers how to prepare for and manage the obese surgical patient through the entire spectrum, from preoperative assessment to possible postoperative intensive care. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH What results in an obese patient developing 'unhealthy' obesity?
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Box 1363, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - K Parekh
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Box 1363, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - B Y K Tsui
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Box 1363, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - M Maze
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Box 1363, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Pintér Z, Pósa A, Varga C, Horváth I, Palkó A, Just Z, Pálfi G. Anthropometric dimensions provide reliable estimates of abdominal adiposity: A validation study. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2017; 68:398-409. [PMID: 29066093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal fat accumulation is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the study is to assess the possibility of developing accurate estimation equations based on body measurements to determine total abdominal (TFA), subcutaneous (SFA) and visceral fat area (VFA). Hungarian volunteers (n=198) aged between 20 and 81 years were enrolled in the study, which was conducted between July and November 2014. All persons underwent anthropometric measurements and computer tomographic (CT) scanning. Sex-specific multiple linear regression analyses were conducted in a subgroup of 98 participants to generate estimation models, then Bland-Altman's analyses were applied in the cross-validation group to compare their predictive efficiency. The variables best predicting VFA were hip circumference, calf circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for males (R2=0.713; SEE=5602.1mm2) and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), WHR, thigh circumference and triceps skinfold for females (R2=0.845; SEE=3835.6mm2). The SFA prediction equation included SAD, thigh circumference and abdominal skinfold for males (R2=0.848; SEE=4124.1mm2), body mass index and thigh circumference for females (R2=0.861; SEE=5049.7mm2). Prediction accuracy was the highest in the case of TFA: hip circumference and WHR for males (R2=0.910; SEE=5637.2mm2), SAD, thigh circumference and abdominal skinfold for females (R2=0.915; SEE=6197.5mm2) were used in the equations. The results suggested that deviations in the predictions were independent of the amount of adipose tissue. Estimation of abdominal fat depots based on anthropometric traits could provide a cheap, reliable method in epidemiologic research and public health screening to evaluate the risk of cardiometabolic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Pintér
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary.
| | - A Pósa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - C Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - I Horváth
- Affidea Diagnostics Szeged Center / Affidea Diagnostics Ltd. - Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged 6725, Hungary
| | - A Palkó
- Department of Radiology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged 6725, Hungary
| | - Z Just
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - G Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
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Ferreira AA, Souza-Filho ZA, Gonçalves MJF, Santos J, Pierin AMG. Relationship between alcohol drinking and arterial hypertension in indigenous people of the Mura ethnics, Brazil. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182352. [PMID: 28777805 PMCID: PMC5544198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the consumption of alcoholic beverage and the relation with hypertension, their prevalence and associated factors, in indigenous Mura, Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 455 adult indigenous aged 18 years or more of Mura ethnics in Amazonia, Brazil. Interview was conducted and the alcohol intake was assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Blood pressure was measured in three measurements and the mean of the last two measurements was used. Physical examination included the following data: weight, height, waist and neck circumference, bioimpedance, and capillary measurement of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Through multivariate Logistic regression in stepwise, the odds ratios for alcohol consumption and associated factors were identified. RESULTS The prevalence of alcoholic beverage was 40.2%, with no significant difference for hypertension in those who drink (23.0%) and those who did not drink (29.0%). Referred hypertension in indigenous was associated to less use of alcoholic beverages (14.2% vs 24.3%, P = 0.009). After an adjusted analysis (Odds Ratio, 95% CI), there was a positive association between alcoholic drink intake and male sex (10.27, CI: 5.76-18.30), smoking (4.72, CI: 2.35-9.46) and live in rural areas (9.77, CI: 5.08-18.79). On the other hand, age (0.95, IC: 0.94-0.97), and absence of dyslipidemia (0.41, CI: 0.19-0.89) were associated to lower alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION The prevalence of alcoholic beverage was high and associated with referred hypertension, but this association was not maintained after adjusted analysis. Changes to habits and inappropriate lifestyles in indigenous populations and living in urban areas may contribute to increase risk for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, health policies should be implemented to meet the uniqueness of indigenous people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Jacirema F. Gonçalves
- Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Juliano Santos
- Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kinge JM. Waist circumference, body mass index, and employment outcomes. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2017; 18:787-799. [PMID: 27730443 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-016-0833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) is an imperfect measure of body fat. Recent studies provide evidence in favor of replacing BMI with waist circumference (WC). Hence, I investigated whether or not the association between fat mass and employment status vary by anthropometric measures. I used 15 rounds of the Health Survey for England (1998-2013), which has measures of employment status in addition to measured height, weight, and WC. WC and BMI were entered as continuous variables and obesity as binary variables defined using both WC and BMI. I used multivariate models controlling for a set of covariates. The association of WC with employment was of greater magnitude than the association between BMI and employment. I reran the analysis using conventional instrumental variables methods. The IV models showed significant impacts of obesity on employment; however, they were not more pronounced when WC was used to measure obesity, compared to BMI. This means that, in the IV models, the impact of fat mass on employment did not depend on the measure of fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Minet Kinge
- Department of Health and Inequality, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Pb 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Sebo P, Herrmann FR, Haller DM. Accuracy of anthropometric measurements by general practitioners in overweight and obese patients. BMC OBESITY 2017; 4:23. [PMID: 28680647 PMCID: PMC5492926 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background We recently showed that abdominal obesity measurements (waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio) were inaccurate when performed by general practitioners (GPs). We hypothesise that measurement error could be even higher in overweight and obese patients due to difficulty in locating anatomical landmarks. We aimed to estimate GPs’ measurement error of general (weight, height and body mass index (BMI)) and abdominal obesity measurements across BMI subgroups. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 26 GPs in Geneva, Switzerland. They were asked to take measurements on 20 volunteers within their practice. Two trained research assistants repeated the measures after the GPs (“gold standard”). The proportion of measurement error was computed by comparing the GPs’ values (N = 509) to the average value of two measurements taken in turn by the research assistants and stratified by BMI subgroup (normal/underweight: <25 kg/m2, overweight: 25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2, obese: ≥30 kg/m2). Results General obesity measurements were less prone to measurement error than abdominal obesity measurements, regardless of the BMI subgroup. The proportions of error increased across BMI subgroups (except for height), and were particularly high for abdominal obesity measurements in obese patients. Conclusions Abdominal obesity measurements are particularly inaccurate when GPs use these measurements to assess overweight and obese patients. These findings add further strength to recommendations for GPs to favour use of general obesity measurements in daily practice, particularly when assessing overweight or obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sebo
- Primary Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar M Haller
- Primary Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Community, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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45
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Smith CL, Edwards LJ. A test of separate hypotheses for comparing linear mixed models with non nested fixed effects. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2015.1104352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ché L. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lloyd J. Edwards
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Chastang J, Baiz N, Parnet L, Cadwallader JS, De Blay F, Caillaud D, Charpin DA, Dwyer J, Lavaud F, Raherison C, Ibanez G, Annesi-Maesano I. Changes in body mass index during childhood and risk of various asthma phenotypes: a retrospective analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:273-279. [PMID: 28140475 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that asthma is related to obesity but also to small birthweight. The objective of this study was to clarify this issue by assessing the putative relationship between the changes in corpulence between birth and childhood as assessed by body mass index (BMI) and asthma phenotypes. METHODS The following status in corpulence was assessed in 7781 schoolchildren using quartile of BMI at birth and at around 10 (9-11 years): underweight at birth and at around 10, underweight at birth and overweight at around 10, overweight at birth and underweight at around 10, overweight at birth and at around 10, and the reference group constituted by all the other children in whom corpulence changes were not extreme. Determination of asthma phenotypes (allergic, non-allergic, and exercise-induced asthma) was based on a clinical examination including skin prick tests, an exercise challenge test, and a questionnaire. RESULTS The risk of allergic asthma was higher in children with persistent underweight, children with persistent overweight, and children becoming markedly more corpulent. In boys, the risk of allergic asthma was significantly higher for the less corpulent children at birth, regardless of whether they remained so or become overweight. In girls, the risk of allergic asthma was significantly higher in those with persistent overweight. There were no significant associations between BMI changes and non-allergic and exercise-induced asthma. CONCLUSIONS We observed that some extreme changes in BMI, persistent underweight, and persistent overweight in childhood increased the risk of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chastang
- Faculté de médecine de l'hôpital Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136 Equipe Epidémiologie des maladies allergiques et respiratoires (EPAR), UPMC Univ Paris 06, Universités Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Département de Médecine générale, Faculté de Médecine, Paris UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Nour Baiz
- Faculté de médecine de l'hôpital Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136 Equipe Epidémiologie des maladies allergiques et respiratoires (EPAR), UPMC Univ Paris 06, Universités Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Laure Parnet
- Faculté de médecine de l'hôpital Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136 Equipe Epidémiologie des maladies allergiques et respiratoires (EPAR), UPMC Univ Paris 06, Universités Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Département de Médecine générale, Faculté de Médecine, Paris UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Denis Caillaud
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - John Dwyer
- Faculté de médecine de l'hôpital Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136 Equipe Epidémiologie des maladies allergiques et respiratoires (EPAR), UPMC Univ Paris 06, Universités Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - François Lavaud
- Service de pneumologie et allergologie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Chantal Raherison
- Service de pneumologie et affections respiratoires, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gladys Ibanez
- Faculté de médecine de l'hôpital Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136 Equipe Epidémiologie des maladies allergiques et respiratoires (EPAR), UPMC Univ Paris 06, Universités Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Département de Médecine générale, Faculté de Médecine, Paris UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Faculté de médecine de l'hôpital Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136 Equipe Epidémiologie des maladies allergiques et respiratoires (EPAR), UPMC Univ Paris 06, Universités Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
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Hanh NTH, Tuyet LT, Dao DTA, Tao Y, Chu DT. Childhood Obesity Is a High-risk Factor for Hypertriglyceridemia: A Case-control Study in Vietnam. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017; 8:138-146. [PMID: 28540158 PMCID: PMC5441441 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and obesity status among Viet-namese adolescents. Methods In this case-control study, 282 adolescents (6–11 years), including 88 obese cases and 194 normal-weight controls, were recruited from a population-based cross-sectional study from two provinces in Vietnam. The anthropometric, blood lipid, and other laboratory test results of the study subjects were analyzed. Results Obese children tended to have more visceral fat (Pearson’s r = 0.795, p < 0.0001) than subcutaneous fat (Pearson’s r = 0.754, p < 0.0001), and this difference was associated with an increase in blood triglyceride level (Pearson’s r = 0.232, p < 0.05) and a strikingly high rate of hypertriglyceridemia (38.6%). We also found that birth weight and parental body mass index were related to the status of obesity among the study subjects. However, only birth weight was significantly higher in the obese group than in the normal weight group. These findings indicate the effect of prenatal nutrition on childhood obesity. Furthermore, high-birth weight children had a surprisingly high rate of obesity. Conclusion Together, our data suggest that obesity increased the risk for hypertriglyceridemia, which was, at least partially, due to prenatal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Le Thi Tuyet
- Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Ulbrich EJ, Nanz D, Leinhard OD, Marcon M, Fischer MA. Whole-body adipose tissue and lean muscle volumes and their distribution across gender and age: MR-derived normative values in a normal-weight Swiss population. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:449-458. [PMID: 28432747 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine age- and gender-dependent whole-body adipose tissue and muscle volumes in healthy Swiss volunteers in Dixon MRI in comparison with anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) measurements. METHODS Fat-water-separated whole-body 3 Tesla MRI of 80 healthy volunteers (ages 20 to 62 years) with a body mass index (BMI) of 17.5 to 26.2 kg/m2 (10 men, 10 women per decade). Age and gender-dependent volumes of total adipose tissue (TAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), total abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT), and the total lean muscle tissue (TLMT) normalized for body height were determined by semi-automatic segmentation, and correlated with anthropometric and BIA measurements as well as lifestyle parameters. RESULTS The TAT, ASAT, VAT, and TLMT indexes (TATi, ASATi, VATi, and TLMTi, respectively) (L/m2 ± standard deviation) for women/men were 6.4 ± 1.8/5.3 ± 1.7, 1.6 ± 0.7/1.2 ± 0.5, 0.4 ± 0.2/0.8 ± 0.5, and 5.6 ± 0.6/7.1 ± 0.7, respectively. The TATi correlated strongly with ASATi (r > 0.93), VATi, BMI and BIA (r > 0.70), and TAATi (r > 0.96), and weak with TLMTi for both genders (r > -0.34). The VAT was the only parameter showing an age dependency (r > 0.32). The BMI and BIA showed strong correlation with all MR-derived adipose tissue volumes. The TAT mass was estimated significantly lower from BIA than from MRI (both genders P < .001; mean bias -5 kg). CONCLUSIONS The reported gender-specific MRI-based adipose tissue and muscle volumes might serve as normative values. The estimation of adipose tissue volumes was significantly lower from anthropometric and BIA measurements than from MRI. Magn Reson Med 79:449-458, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Ulbrich
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Nanz
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; and Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magda Marcon
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Fischer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Body fat mass distribution and interrupter resistance, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and asthma at school-age. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:810-818.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Association of Increased Serum Leptin with Ameliorated Anemia and Malnutrition in Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients after Parathyroidectomy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27918. [PMID: 27307101 PMCID: PMC4910047 DOI: 10.1038/srep27918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that regulates various metabolism, but its association with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), a clinical manifestation of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), remains obscure. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is recommended for severe SHPT patients. Here, the associations between circulating leptin and clinical characteristics in CKD patients were investigated. Effects of PTX on leptin production were analyzed in vivo and in vitro. Controls and CKD patients had approximate serum leptin levels in that a larger proportion of CKD patients with body mass index (BMI) <23 kg/m2. Serum leptin was related to anemia, albumin, and bone metabolism disorders in CKD patients. Lower intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) was related with higher leptin in PTX patients group. Severe SHPT inhibited uremia-enhanced leptin production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which was attenuated after PTX. High levels of PTH were found to reduce Akt phosphorylation and leptin production in vitro but high levels of calcium and phosphorus were not. Successful PTX was found to improve anemia and malnutrition in severe SHPT patients, and this was correlated with increased circulating leptin levels via up-regulated Akt signaling in adipocytes. These findings indicated the therapeutic potential of leptin and related target pathway for improving survival and quality of life in CKD.
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