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Callender K, Briggs LA. Peripartum cardiomyopathy in the twenty-first century: a review of the pathophysiology and clinical trials for novel disease-specific therapeutics. Heart Fail Rev 2025; 30:443-451. [PMID: 39671119 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy is an idiopathic and nonischemic systolic dysfunction with onset toward the end of pregnancy and up to 5 months postpartum. Its clinical phenotype overlaps with pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy rendering both a continuum of the same disease. Incidence varies geographically and is highest in areas where risk factors are prevalent. The understanding of its pathophysiology is constantly evolving, but a proposed two-hit model of dysfunctional vasculogenesis and genetic predisposition exacerbated by the hemodynamic stressors of pregnancy is widely accepted. The catalysis of the cleavage of prolactin into an anti-angiogenic fragment provoked by unbalanced oxidative stress forms the bedrock of its pathogenesis. Furthermore, miRNA signaling, placenta-produced factors, and a potential underlying genetic susceptibility convene to disrupt cardiac and endothelial metabolic homeostasis. The role of anti-adrenergic and anti-sarcomeric antibodies, nutritional deficiency, and mutated viral cardiotropes are understudied. There are limited randomized controlled trials for disease-specific drugs; however, most trials are targeted at the D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine. Positive primary endpoints in a large German clinical trial led to its approved use in Europe, but the U.S.A. still renders it experimental with ongoing trials evaluating its long-term efficacy and safety. Despite its popularity since the 1900s, multiple gaps in evidence regarding long-term management after myocardial recovery, management of subsequent pregnancies, optimal anticoagulation strategy, and alternative pathophysiological pathways remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Callender
- Cardiovascular Services Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Martindales Road, Bridgetown, Barbados.
| | - Lee-Ann Briggs
- Cardiovascular Services Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Martindales Road, Bridgetown, Barbados
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2
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Méndez López LF, González Llerena JL, Vázquez Rodríguez JA, Medellín Guerrero AB, González Martínez BE, Solís Pérez E, López-Cabanillas Lomelí M. Dietary Modulation of the Immune System. Nutrients 2024; 16:4363. [PMID: 39770983 PMCID: PMC11676904 DOI: 10.3390/nu16244363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 12/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Recent insights into the influence of nutrition on immune system components have driven the development of dietary strategies targeting the prevention and management of major metabolic-inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the bidirectional relationship between nutrition and immunocompetence, beginning with an overview of immune system components and their functions. It examines the effects of nutritional status, dietary patterns, and food bioactives on systemic inflammation, immune cell populations, and lymphoid tissues, as well as their associations with infectious and chronic disease pathogenesis. The mechanisms by which key nutrients influence immune constituents are delineated, focusing on vitamins A, D, E, C, and B, as well as minerals including zinc, iron, and selenium. Also highlighted are the immunomodulatory effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as bioactive phenolic compounds and probiotics, given their expanding relevance. Each section addresses the implications of nutritional and nutraceutical interventions involving these nutrients within the broader context of major infectious, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This review further underscores that, while targeted nutrient supplementation can effectively restore immune function to optimal levels, caution is necessary in certain cases, as it may increase morbidity in specific diseases. In other instances, dietary counseling should be integrated to ensure that therapeutic goals are achieved safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuel López-Cabanillas Lomelí
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Monterrey 64460, México; (L.F.M.L.)
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3
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Pérez SE, Gooz M, Maldonado EN. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Metabolic Disturbances Induced by Viral Infections. Cells 2024; 13:1789. [PMID: 39513896 PMCID: PMC11545457 DOI: 10.3390/cells13211789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses are intracellular parasites that utilize organelles, signaling pathways, and the bioenergetics machinery of the cell to replicate the genome and synthesize proteins to build up new viral particles. Mitochondria are key to supporting the virus life cycle by sustaining energy production, metabolism, and synthesis of macromolecules. Mitochondria also contribute to the antiviral innate immune response. Here, we describe the different mechanisms involved in virus-mitochondria interactions. We analyze the effects of viral infections on the metabolism of glucose in the Warburg phenotype, glutamine, and fatty acids. We also describe how viruses directly regulate mitochondrial function through modulation of the activity of the electron transport chain, the generation of reactive oxygen species, the balance between fission and fusion, and the regulation of voltage-dependent anion channels. In addition, we discuss the evasion strategies used to avoid mitochondrial-associated mechanisms that inhibit viral replication. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive view of how viruses modulate mitochondrial function to maintain their replicative capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E. Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil CC7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, DD 506 Drug Discovery Building, 70 President Street, MSC 139, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Eduardo N. Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, DD 506 Drug Discovery Building, 70 President Street, MSC 139, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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4
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Slim MA, Turgman O, van Vught LA, van der Poll T, Wiersinga WJ. Non-conventional immunomodulation in the management of sepsis. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 121:9-16. [PMID: 37919123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis remains a critical global health issue, demanding novel therapeutic strategies. Traditional immunomodulation treatments such as corticosteroids, specific modifiers of cytokines, complement or coagulation, growth factors or immunoglobulins, have so far fallen short. Meanwhile the number of studies investigating non-conventional immunomodulatory strategies is expanding. This review provides an overview of adjunctive treatments with herbal-based medicine, immunonutrition, vasopressors, sedative treatments and targeted temperature management, used to modulate the immune response in patients with sepsis. Herbal-based medicine, notably within traditional Chinese medicine, shows promise. Xuebijing injection and Shenfu injection exhibit anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects, and the potential to lower 28-day mortality in sepsis. Selenium supplementation has been reported to reduce the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia among sepsis patients, but study results are conflicting. Likewise, the immune-suppressive effects of omega-3 fatty acids have been associated with improved clinical outcomes in sepsis. The immunomodulating properties of supportive treatments also gain interest. Vasopressors like norepinephrine exhibit dual dosage-dependent roles, potentially promoting both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Dexmedetomidine, a sedative, demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties, reducing sepsis mortality rates in some studies. Temperature management, particularly maintaining higher body temperature, has also been associated with improved outcomes in small scale human trials. In conclusion, emerging non-conventional immunomodulatory approaches, including herbal medicine, immunonutrition, and targeted supportive therapies, hold potential for sepsis treatment, but their possible implementation into everyday clinical practice necessitates further research and stringent clinical validation in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Slim
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - O Turgman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L A van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W J Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Zhang M, Xu D, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu L, Gao N, Feng C, Guo W, Ma S. Screening of a new candidate coxsackievirus B1 vaccine strain based on its biological characteristics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1172349. [PMID: 37502400 PMCID: PMC10369069 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) is one of the significant pathogens causing viral myocarditis, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and aseptic meningitis, and it has been associated with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). No effective antiviral drugs against CVB1 infection or preventive vaccines are available. Due to the success of two inactivated vaccines against enterovirus 71 and poliovirus, an inactivated Vero cell-based CVB1 vaccine could be developed. In this study, we isolated a high-growth CVB1 virus strain KM7 in Vero cells and developed a Vero-adapted vaccine candidate strain KM7-X29 via three rounds of plaque purification and serial passages. The KM7-X29 strain was grouped into the GII sub-genotype, which belonged to the Chinese epidemic strain and grew to a titer of more than 107 CCID50/ml in Vero cells. The inactivated CVB1 vaccine produced by the KM7-X29 strain induced an effective neutralizing antibody response in BALB/c mice, and maternal antibodies were able to provide a 100% protective effect against lethal challenges with a CVB1 strain in suckling BALB/c mice. Thus, the KM7-X29 strain might be used as a new candidate coxsackievirus B1 vaccine strain. The neonatal murine model of CVB1 infection will contribute to the development of the CVB1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Danhan Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Lilan Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Changzeng Feng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
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6
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Ambra R, Melloni S, Venneria E. Could Selenium Supplementation Prevent COVID-19? A Comprehensive Review of Available Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104130. [PMID: 37241870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to systematically examine the scientific evidence investigating selenium's relationship with COVID-19, aiming to support, or refute, the growing hypothesis that supplementation could prevent COVID-19 etiopathogenesis. In fact, immediately after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several speculative reviews suggested that selenium supplementation in the general population could act as a silver bullet to limit or even prevent the disease. Instead, a deep reading of the scientific reports on selenium and COVID-19 that are available to date supports neither the specific role of selenium in COVID-19 severity, nor the role of its supplementation in the prevention disease onset, nor its etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ambra
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Sahara Melloni
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Venneria
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
In this review, the relevance of selenium (Se) to viral disease will be discussed paying particular attention to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Se, the active centre in selenoproteins has an ongoing history of reducing the incidence and severity of viral infections. Host Se deficiency increased the virulence of RNA viruses such as influenza A and coxsackievirus B3, the latter of which is implicated in the development of Keshan disease in north-east China. Significant clinical benefits of Se supplementation have been demonstrated in HIV-1, in liver cancer linked to hepatitis B, and in Chinese patients with hantavirus that was successfully treated with oral sodium selenite. China is of particular interest because it has populations that have both the lowest and the highest Se status in the world. We found a significant association between COVID-19 cure rate and background Se status in Chinese cities; the cure rate continued to rise beyond the Se intake required to optimise selenoproteins, suggesting an additional mechanism. Se status was significantly higher in serum samples from surviving than non-surviving COVID-19 patients. As regards mechanism, SARS-CoV-2 may interfere with the human selenoprotein system; selenoproteins are important in scavenging reactive oxygen species, controlling immunity, reducing inflammation, ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We found that SARS-CoV-2 significantly suppressed mRNA expression of GPX4, of the ER selenoproteins, SELENOF, SELENOM, SELENOK and SELENOS and down-regulated TXNRD3. Based on the available data, both selenoproteins and redox-active Se species (mimicking ebselen, an inhibitor of the main SARS-CoV-2 protease that enables viral maturation within the host) could employ their separate mechanisms to attenuate virus-triggered oxidative stress, excessive inflammatory responses and immune-system dysfunction, thus improving the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Golin A, Tinkov AA, Aschner M, Farina M, da Rocha JBT. Relationship between selenium status, selenoproteins and COVID-19 and other inflammatory diseases: A critical review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127099. [PMID: 36372013 PMCID: PMC9630303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant effects of selenium as a component of selenoproteins has been thought to modulate host immunity and viral pathogenesis. Accordingly, the association of low dietary selenium status with inflammatory and immunodeficiency has been reported in the literature; however, the causal role of selenium deficiency in chronic inflammatory diseases and viral infection is still undefined. The COVID-19, characterized by acute respiratory syndrome and caused by the novel coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, has infected millions of individuals worldwide since late 2019. The severity and mortality from COVID-19 have been associated with several factor, including age, sex and selenium deficiency. However, available data on selenium status and COVID-19 are limited, and a possible causative role for selenium deficiency in COVID-19 severity has yet to be fully addressed. In this context, we review the relationship between selenium, selenoproteins, COVID-19, immune and inflammatory responses, viral infection, and aging. Regardless of the role of selenium in immune and inflammatory responses, we emphasize that selenium supplementation should be indicated after a selenium deficiency be detected, particularly, in view of the critical role played by selenoproteins in human health. In addition, the levels of selenium should be monitored after the start of supplementation and discontinued as soon as normal levels are reached. Periodic assessment of selenium levels after supplementation is a critical issue to avoid over production of toxic metabolites of selenide because under normal conditions, selenoproteins attain saturated expression levels that limits their potential deleterious metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anieli Golin
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia; Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Hameed M, Geerling E, Pinto AK, Miraj I, Weger-Lucarelli J. Immune response to arbovirus infection in obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968582. [PMID: 36466818 PMCID: PMC9716109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects 650 million people worldwide and leads to diverse changes in host immunity. Individuals with obesity experience an increase in the size and the number of adipocytes, which function as an endocrine organ and release various adipocytokines such as leptin and adiponectin that exert wide ranging effects on other cells. In individuals with obesity, macrophages account for up to 40% of adipose tissue (AT) cells, three times more than in adipose tissue (10%) of healthy weight individuals and secrete several cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokine C-C ligand (CCL)-2, IL-6, CCL5, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leading to the development of inflammation. Overall, obesity-derived cytokines strongly affect immune responses and make patients with obesity more prone to severe symptoms than patients with a healthy weight. Several epidemiological studies reported a strong association between obesity and severe arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Sindbis virus (SINV). Recently, experimental investigations found that DENV, WNV, CHIKV and Mayaro virus (MAYV) infections cause worsened disease outcomes in infected diet induced obese (DIO) mice groups compared to infected healthy-weight animals. The mechanisms leading to higher susceptibility to severe infections in individuals with obesity remain unknown, though a better understanding of the causes will help scientists and clinicians develop host directed therapies to treat severe disease. In this review article, we summarize the effects of obesity on the host immune response in the context of arboviral infections. We have outlined that obesity makes the host more susceptible to infectious agents, likely by disrupting the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. We have also discussed the immune response of DIO mouse models against some important arboviruses such as CHIKV, MAYV, DENV, and WNV. We can speculate that obesity-induced disruption of innate and adaptive immune cell function in arboviral infections ultimately affects the course of arboviral disease. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the cellular and molecular aspects of immunity that are compromised in obesity during arboviral infections or vaccination, which will be helpful in developing specific therapeutic/prophylactic interventions to prevent immunopathology and disease progression in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddassar Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Iqra Miraj
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Jamal QMS. Antiviral Potential of Plants against COVID-19 during Outbreaks-An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13564. [PMID: 36362351 PMCID: PMC9655040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several human diseases are caused by viruses, including cancer, Type I diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the past, people have suffered greatly from viral diseases such as polio, mumps, measles, dengue fever, SARS, MERS, AIDS, chikungunya fever, encephalitis, and influenza. Recently, COVID-19 has become a pandemic in most parts of the world. Although vaccines are available to fight the infection, their safety and clinical trial data are still questionable. Social distancing, isolation, the use of sanitizer, and personal productive strategies have been implemented to prevent the spread of the virus. Moreover, the search for a potential therapeutic molecule is ongoing. Based on experiences with outbreaks of SARS and MERS, many research studies reveal the potential of medicinal herbs/plants or chemical compounds extracted from them to counteract the effects of these viral diseases. COVID-19's current status includes a decrease in infection rates as a result of large-scale vaccination program implementation by several countries. But it is still very close and needs to boost people's natural immunity in a cost-effective way through phytomedicines because many underdeveloped countries do not have their own vaccination facilities. In this article, phytomedicines as plant parts or plant-derived metabolites that can affect the entry of a virus or its infectiousness inside hosts are described. Finally, it is concluded that the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants must be analyzed and evaluated entirely in the control of COVID-19 in cases of uncontrollable SARS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Che TL, Li XL, Tian JB, Wang G, Peng XF, Zhang HY, Chen JH, Zhu Y, Zhang WH, Wang T, Liu BC, Xu Q, Lv CL, Jiang BG, Li ZJ, Fang LQ, Liu W. The role of selenium in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: an integrative analysis of surveillance data and clinical data. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:38-45. [PMID: 35605950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Selenium deficiency can be associated with increased susceptibility to some viral infections and even more severe diseases. In this study, we aimed to examine whether this association applies to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). METHOD An observational study was conducted based on the data of 13,305 human SFTS cases reported in mainland China from 2010 to 2020. The associations among incidence, case fatality rate of SFTS, and crop selenium concentration at the county level were explored. The selenium level in a cohort of patients with SFTS was tested, and its relationship with clinical outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS The association between selenium-deficient crops and the incidence rate of SFTS was confirmed by multivariate Poisson analysis, with an estimated incidence rate ratio (IRR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of 4.549 (4.215-4.916) for moderate selenium-deficient counties and 16.002 (14.706-17.431) for severe selenium-deficient counties. In addition, a higher mortality rate was also observed in severe selenium-deficient counties with an IRR of 1.409 (95% CI: 1.061-1.909). A clinical study on 120 patients with SFTS showed an association between serum selenium deficiency and severe SFTS (odds ratio, OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.00-8.67) or fatal SFTS (OR: 7.55; 95% CI: 1.14-50.16). CONCLUSION Selenium deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to SFTS and poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Le Che
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Lou Li
- Department of Medical Research, Key Laboratory of Environmental Sense Organ Stress and Health of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Fang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Central Theater Command, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhang
- Health Supervision Institute of Dongcheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Long Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Gui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Jie Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100071, P. R. China; Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
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12
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Balboni E, Zagnoli F, Filippini T, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Vinceti M. Zinc and selenium supplementation in COVID-19 prevention and treatment: a systematic review of the experimental studies. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126956. [PMID: 35217499 PMCID: PMC8853960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the world's population in the last two years. Along with non-pharmacological public health interventions, major efforts have also been made to identify effective drugs or active substances for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. These include, among many others, the trace elements zinc and selenium, based on laboratory studies and some observational human studies. However, both of these study designs are not adequate to identify and approve treatments in human medicine, and experimental studies in the form of randomized controlled trials are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness and the safety of any interventions. METHODS We undertook a systematic review in which we searched for published and unpublished clinical trials using zinc or selenium supplementation to treat or prevent COVID-19 in the Pubmed, Scopus and ClinicalTrials databases up to 10 January 2022. RESULTS Amongst the published studies, we did not find any trial with selenium, whereas we retrieved four eligible randomized clinical trials using zinc supplementation, only one of which was double-blind. One of these trials looked at the effect of the intervention on the rate of new SARS-CoV-2 infections, and three at the COVID-19 clinical outcome in already infected individuals. The study populations of the four trials were very heterogeneous, ranging from uninfected individuals to those hospitalized for COVID-19. Only two studies investigated zinc alone in the intervention arm with no differences in the endpoints. The other two studies examined zinc in association with one or more drugs and supplements in the intervention arm, therefore making it impossible to disentangle any specific effects of the element. In addition, we identified 22 unpublished ongoing clinical trials, 19 on zinc, one on selenium and two on both elements. CONCLUSION No trials investigated the effect of selenium supplementation on COVID-19, while the very few studies on the effects of zinc supplementation did not confirm efficacy. Therefore, preventive or therapeutic interventions against COVID-19 based on zinc or selenium supplementation are currently unjustified, although when the results of the on-going studies are published, this may change our conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Balboni
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Zagnoli
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
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13
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Hirsch S, Skripuletz T, Seeliger T, Witte T, Thiele T. Selenium deficiency is associated with polyneuropathy in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:212-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Hibino S, Hayashida K. Modifiable Host Factors for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: Diet and Lifestyle/Diet and Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of COVID-19. Nutrients 2022; 14:1876. [PMID: 35565841 PMCID: PMC9102954 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that the immune system requires adequate nutrition to work at an optimal level. Not only do optimized nutritional strategies support the immune system, but they also reduce chronic inflammation. Nutritional supplements that are recommended for patients with critical illnesses are thought to also be effective for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the intensive care unit. Some studies have recommended fresh fruits and vegetables, soy, nuts, and antioxidants, such as omega-3 fatty acids, to improve immune system activity. Although nutritional status is considered to be an important prognostic factor for patients with COVID-19, there is to date no sufficient evidence that optimal nutritional therapies can be beneficial for these patients. Some have argued that the COVID-19 pandemic is a good opportunity to test the effectiveness of nutritional intervention for infectious diseases. Many researchers have suggested that testing the proposed nutritional approaches for infectious diseases in the context of a pandemic would be highly informative. The authors of other review papers concluded that it is important to have a diet based on fresh foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, and healthy fats (i.e., olive oil and fish oil), and to limit the intake of sugary drinks as well as high-calorie and high-salt foods. In this review, we discuss the clinical significance of functional food ingredients as complementary therapies potentially beneficial for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19. We believe that our review will be helpful to plan and deploy future studies to conclude these potentials against COVID-19, but also to new infectious diseases that may arise in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Hibino
- Y’s Science Clinic Hiroo, Medical Corporation Koshikai, Tokyo 106-0047, Japan
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Hayashida
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02459, USA;
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15
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Piazza M, Di Cicco M, Pecoraro L, Ghezzi M, Peroni D, Comberiati P. Long COVID-19 in Children: From the Pathogenesis to the Biologically Plausible Roots of the Syndrome. Biomolecules 2022; 12:556. [PMID: 35454144 PMCID: PMC9024951 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) refers to the persistence of symptoms related to the infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This condition is described as persistent and can manifest in various combinations of signs and symptoms, such as fatigue, headache, dyspnea, depression, cognitive impairment, and altered perception of smells and tastes. Long COVID-19 may be due to long-term damage to different organs-such as lung, brain, kidney, and heart-caused by persisting viral-induced inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, diffuse endothelial damage, and micro thrombosis. In this review, we discuss the potential and biologically plausible role of some vitamins, essential elements, and functional foods based on the hypothesis that an individual's dietary status may play an important adjunctive role in protective immunity against COVID-19 and possibly against its long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Piazza
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (M.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Luca Pecoraro
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (M.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Michele Ghezzi
- Allergology and Pneumology Unit, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy;
| | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.C.); (P.C.)
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16
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de Jesus RP, de Carvalho JF, de Oliveira LPM, Cunha CDM, Alves TCHS, Vieira STB, Figueiredo VM, Bueno AA. Metabolic and nutritional triggers associated with increased risk of liver complications in SARS-CoV-2. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:80-97. [PMID: 35126841 PMCID: PMC8790394 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, cancer and smoking are risk factors for negative outcomes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can quickly induce severe respiratory failure in 5% of cases. Coronavirus disease-associated liver injury may occur during progression of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with or without pre-existing liver disease, and damage to the liver parenchyma can be caused by infection of hepatocytes. Cirrhosis patients may be particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 if suffering with cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. Furthermore, pharmacotherapies including macrolide or quinolone antibiotics and steroids can also induce liver damage. In this review we addressed nutritional status and nutritional interventions in severe SARS-CoV-2 liver patients. As guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 in intensive care (IC) specifically are not yet available, strategies for management of sepsis and SARS are suggested in SARS-CoV-2. Early enteral nutrition (EN) should be started soon after IC admission, preferably employing iso-osmolar polymeric formula with initial protein content at 0.8 g/kg per day progressively increasing up to 1.3 g/kg per day and enriched with fish oil at 0.1 g/kg per day to 0.2 g/kg per day. Monitoring is necessary to identify signs of intolerance, hemodynamic instability and metabolic disorders, and transition to parenteral nutrition should not be delayed when energy and protein targets cannot be met via EN. Nutrients including vitamins A, C, D, E, B6, B12, folic acid, zinc, selenium and ω-3 fatty acids have in isolation or in combination shown beneficial effects upon immune function and inflammation modulation. Cautious and monitored supplementation up to upper limits may be beneficial in management strategies for SARS-CoV-2 liver patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Passos de Jesus
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health at the School of Nutrition of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40.110-150, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla de Magalhães Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health at the School of Nutrition of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40.110-150, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thaisy Cristina Honorato Santos Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health at the School of Nutrition of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40.110-150, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sandra Tavares Brito Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health at the School of Nutrition of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40.110-150, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Virginia Maria Figueiredo
- Department of Gastroenterology, IPEMED, Ipemed Faculty of Medical Sciences, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Allain Amador Bueno
- College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, United Kingdom
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17
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Guillin OM, Vindry C, Ohlmann T, Chavatte L. Interplay between Selenium, Selenoproteins and HIV-1 Replication in Human CD4 T-Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031394. [PMID: 35163318 PMCID: PMC8835795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The infection of CD4 T-lymphocytes with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), disrupts cellular homeostasis, increases oxidative stress and interferes with micronutrient metabolism. Viral replication simultaneously increases the demand for micronutrients and causes their loss, as for selenium (Se). In HIV-infected patients, selenium deficiency was associated with a lower CD4 T-cell count and a shorter life expectancy. Selenium has an important role in antioxidant defense, redox signaling and redox homeostasis, and most of these biological activities are mediated by its incorporation in an essential family of redox enzymes, namely the selenoproteins. Here, we have investigated how selenium and selenoproteins interplay with HIV infection in different cellular models of human CD4 T lymphocytes derived from established cell lines (Jurkat and SupT1) and isolated primary CD4 T cells. First, we characterized the expression of the selenoproteome in various human T-cell models and found it tightly regulated by the selenium level of the culture media, which was in agreement with reports from non-immune cells. Then, we showed that selenium had no significant effect on HIV-1 protein production nor on infectivity, but slightly reduced the percentage of infected cells in a Jurkat cell line and isolated primary CD4 T cells. Finally, in response to HIV-1 infection, the selenoproteome was slightly altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M. Guillin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; (O.M.G.); (C.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Vindry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; (O.M.G.); (C.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Théophile Ohlmann
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; (O.M.G.); (C.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), 69007 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (L.C.); Tel.: +33-4-72-72-89-53 (T.O.); +33-4-72-72-86-24 (L.C.)
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; (O.M.G.); (C.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), 69007 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (L.C.); Tel.: +33-4-72-72-89-53 (T.O.); +33-4-72-72-86-24 (L.C.)
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18
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Zelka FZ, Kocatürk RR, Özcan ÖÖ, Karahan M. Can Nutritional Supports Beneficial in Other Viral Diseases Be Favorable for COVID-19? Korean J Fam Med 2022; 43:3-15. [PMID: 35130635 PMCID: PMC8820968 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.20.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2), has rapidly spread worldwide, causing many deaths, the number of which continues to increase. Global public health organizations and governments have advised on the adoption of various handwashing and hygiene guidelines, use of masks, and social distancing, along with isolation or lockdown protocols to prevent SARS-COV-2 spread. There are vaccines and drugs that are confirmed but still many human suffer from this disease. Important risk factors for SARS-COV-2 infection are similar to other viral infectious diseases as including influenza, hepatitis B, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and other lung infections. These diseases might be related to poor nutritional support, affecting the patient outcomes against COVID-19. In this review, we discuss some of the nutritional therapies currently being investigated for infectious diseases. Studies have shown that nutrition has the potential to prevent and mitigate viral infections. Micronutrients (vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, and E, B9, and trace elements, such as iron, zinc, copper, selenium, magnesium, and polyphenols) and macronutrients (carbohydrates, prebiotics, probiotics, protein [amino acids], and lipids [fatty acids]) affect the whole body, including the immune system, preventing viral entry and modulating clinical symptoms. This review discusses the importance of nutrition as a strategy to understand food groups and key nutrients that may affect the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients during the ongoing pandemic. Scientists believe that the likelihood of another pandemic is imminent. COVID-19 remains important and scientists believe it will continue will in the future. We emphasize the lack of studies on the nutritional impact of COVID-19 in terms of nutrition, even though nutritional interventions has been shown to have many advantages during the treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Öznur Özge Özcan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Karahan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Mesut Karahan Tel: +90-5359517790, Fax: +90-2164741256, E-mail:
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19
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Schomburg L. Selenium Deficiency in COVID-19-A Possible Long-Lasting Toxic Relationship. Nutrients 2022; 14:283. [PMID: 35057464 PMCID: PMC8781157 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two years, there has been a surge in the number of publications on the trace element selenium (Se) and selenocysteine-containing selenoproteins in human health, largely due to the pandemic and the multiple roles that this micronutrient and Se-dependent selenoproteins play in various aspects of the disease [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Islam MT, Quispe C, Martorell M, Docea AO, Salehi B, Calina D, Reiner Ž, Sharifi-Rad J. Dietary supplements, vitamins and minerals as potential interventions against viruses: Perspectives for COVID-19. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2022; 92:49-66. [PMID: 33435749 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 disease pandemic has infected millions of people and caused more than thousands of deaths in many countries across the world. The number of infected cases is increasing day by day. Unfortunately, we do not have a vaccine and specific treatment for it. Along with the protective measures, respiratory and/or circulatory supports and some antiviral and retroviral drugs have been used against SARS-CoV-2, but there are no more extensive studies proving their efficacy. In this study, the latest publications in the field have been reviewed, focusing on the modulatory effects on the immunity of some natural antiviral dietary supplements, vitamins and minerals. Findings suggest that several dietary supplements, including black seeds, garlic, ginger, cranberry, orange, omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins (e.g., A, B vitamins, C, D, E), and minerals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Se, Zn) have anti-viral effects. Many of them act against various species of respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses. Therefore, dietary supplements, including vitamins and minerals, probiotics as well as individual nutritional behaviour can be used as adjuvant therapy together with antiviral medicines in the management of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Concepción, Chile
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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21
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Koç E, Karayiğit B. Assessment of Biofortification Approaches Used to Improve Micronutrient-Dense Plants That Are a Sustainable Solution to Combat Hidden Hunger. JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 2022; 22:475-500. [PMID: 34754134 PMCID: PMC8567986 DOI: 10.1007/s42729-021-00663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition causes diseases, immune system disorders, deterioration in physical growth, mental development, and learning capacity worldwide. Micronutrient deficiency, known as hidden hunger, is a serious global problem. Biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural strategy for increasing the concentrations or bioavailability of essential elements in the edible parts of plants, minimizing the risks of toxic metals, and thus reducing malnutrition. It has the advantage of delivering micronutrient-dense food crops to a large part of the global population, especially poor populations. Agronomic biofortification and biofertilization, traditional plant breeding, and optimized fertilizer applications are more globally accepted methods today; however, genetic biofortification based on genetic engineering such as increasing or manipulating (such as CRISPR-Cas9) the expression of genes that affect the regulation of metal homeostasis and carrier proteins that serve to increase the micronutrient content for higher nutrient concentration and greater productivity or that affect bioavailability is also seen as a promising high-potential strategy in solving this micronutrient deficiency problem. Data that micronutrients can help strengthen the immune system against the COVID-19 pandemic and other diseases has highlighted the importance of tackling micronutrient deficiencies. In this study, biofortification approaches such as plant breeding, agronomic techniques, microbial fertilization, and some genetic and nanotechnological methods used in the fight against micronutrient deficiency worldwide were compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Koç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belgizar Karayiğit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Rahman MM, Ahmed M, Islam MT, Khan MR, Sultana S, Maeesa SK, Hasan S, Hossain MA, Ferdous KS, Mathew B, Rauf A, Uddin MS. Nanotechnology-based Approaches and Investigational Therapeutics against COVID-19. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:948-968. [PMID: 34218774 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210701150315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for the current global pandemic, which first emerged in December 2019. This coronavirus has affected 217 countries worldwide, most of which have enacted non-remedial preventive measures, such as nationwide lockdowns, work from home, travel bans, and social isolation. Pharmacists, doctors, nurses, technologists, and other healthcare professionals have played pivotal roles during this pandemic. Unfortunately, confirmed drugs have not been identified for the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARSCoV2; however, favipiravir and remdesivir have been reported as promising antiviral drugs. Some vaccines have already been developed, and vaccination is ongoing globally. Various nanotechnologies are currently being developed in many countries for preventing SARS-CoV-2 spread and treating COVID-19 infections. In this article, we present an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic situation and discuss nanotechnology-based approaches and investigational therapeutics for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Robin Khan
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saila Kabir Maeesa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sakib Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abid Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Sayma Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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23
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Ermakov VV, Jovanović LN. Biological Role of Trace Elements and Viral Pathologies. GEOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL 2022; 60. [PMCID: PMC8853261 DOI: 10.1134/s0016702922020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The review presents summarized information on a new research avenue in biogeochemistry and geochemical ecology: relationships between the microcosm (viruses) and manifestations of animal and human pathologies. Some aspects of the biological action of selenium, zinc, copper and iodine, their influence on the manifestation and course of viral infections are considered. Attention is focused on the antioxidant, membrane-protective, boosting immunity, hormonal functions of trace elements, and on the antibacterial and antiviral properties of metallic copper and its compounds. The criteria currently applied in assessing the Se status of territories are compared with the incidence of COVID-19 and HIV in the population of the Russian Federation. In some cases, selenium deficiency in the environment is shown to be associated with a higher susceptibility to RNA viral infections. Emphasis is put on the necessity of improving the criteria for assessing the trace element status of territories and further studies in the geochemical ecology of viruses and their role in the biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Ermakov
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - L. N. Jovanović
- ALFA BK University, Palmira Toljatija, 3, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
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Martinez SS, Huang Y, Acuna L, Laverde E, Trujillo D, Barbieri MA, Tamargo J, Campa A, Baum MK. Role of Selenium in Viral Infections with a Major Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:280. [PMID: 35008706 PMCID: PMC8745607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections have afflicted human health and despite great advancements in scientific knowledge and technologies, continue to affect our society today. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has put a spotlight on the need to review the evidence on the impact of nutritional strategies to maintain a healthy immune system, particularly in instances where there are limited therapeutic treatments. Selenium, an essential trace element in humans, has a long history of lowering the occurrence and severity of viral infections. Much of the benefits derived from selenium are due to its incorporation into selenocysteine, an important component of proteins known as selenoproteins. Viral infections are associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species and may result in oxidative stress. Studies suggest that selenium deficiency alters immune response and viral infection by increasing oxidative stress and the rate of mutations in the viral genome, leading to an increase in pathogenicity and damage to the host. This review examines viral infections, including the novel SARS-CoV-2, in the context of selenium, in order to inform potential nutritional strategies to maintain a healthy immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sales Martinez
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.S.M.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Yongjun Huang
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.S.M.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Leonardo Acuna
- College of Arts, Sciences & Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (L.A.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Eduardo Laverde
- College of Arts, Sciences & Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (L.A.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - David Trujillo
- College of Arts, Sciences & Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (L.A.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Manuel A. Barbieri
- College of Arts, Sciences & Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (L.A.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Javier Tamargo
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.S.M.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Adriana Campa
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.S.M.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Marianna K. Baum
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.S.M.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (A.C.)
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Du Laing G, Petrovic M, Lachat C, De Boevre M, Klingenberg GJ, Sun Q, De Saeger S, De Clercq J, Ide L, Vandekerckhove L, Schomburg L. Course and Survival of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities in Relation to the Trace Element Status at Hospital Admission. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103304. [PMID: 34684306 PMCID: PMC8541297 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential trace elements needed for appropriate immune system responses, cell signalling and anti-viral defence. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at two hospitals in Ghent, Belgium, to investigate whether Se and/or Zn deficiency upon hospital admission correlates to disease severity and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with or without co-morbidities. Trace element concentrations along with additional biomarkers were determined in serum or plasma and associated to disease severity and outcome. An insufficient Se and/or Zn status upon hospital admission was associated with a higher mortality rate and a more severe disease course in the entire study group, especially in the senior population. In comparison to healthy European adults, the patients displayed strongly depressed total Se (mean ± SD: 59.2 ± 20.6 vs. 84.4 ± 23.4 µg L−1) and SELENOP (mean ± SD: 2.2 ± 1.9 vs. 4.3 ± 1.0 mg L−1) concentrations at hospital admission. Particularly strong associations were observed for death risk of cancer, diabetes and chronic cardiac disease patients with low Se status, and of diabetes and obese patients with Zn deficiency. A composite biomarker based on serum or plasma Se, SELENOP and Zn at hospital admission proved to be a reliable tool to predict severe COVID-19 course and death, or mild disease course. We conclude that trace element assessment at hospital admission may contribute to a better stratification of patients with COVID-19 and other similar infectious diseases, support clinical care, therapeutic interventions and adjuvant supplementation needs, and may prove of particular relevance for patients with relevant comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.P.); (J.D.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.D.B.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Georg J. Klingenberg
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (G.J.K.); (Q.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Qian Sun
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (G.J.K.); (Q.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.D.B.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Jozefien De Clercq
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.P.); (J.D.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Louis Ide
- Laboratory Medicine, AZ Jan Palfijn AV, Watersportlaan 5, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.P.); (J.D.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (G.J.K.); (Q.S.); (L.S.)
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26
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Taheri S, Asadi S, Nilashi M, Ali Abumalloh R, Ghabban NMA, Mohd Yusuf SY, Supriyanto E, Samad S. A literature review on beneficial role of vitamins and trace elements: Evidence from published clinical studies. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126789. [PMID: 34044222 PMCID: PMC8123519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a kind of SARS-CoV-2 viral infectious pneumonia. This research aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of the published studies of vitamins and trace elements in the Scopus database with a special focus on COVID-19 disease. To achieve the goal of the study, network and density visualizations were used to introduce an overall picture of the published literature. Following the bibliometric analysis, we discuss the potential benefits of vitamins and trace elements on immune system function and COVID-19, supporting the discussion with evidence from published clinical studies. The previous studies show that D and A vitamins demonstrated a higher potential benefit, while Selenium, Copper, and Zinc were found to have favorable effects on immune modulation in viral respiratory infections among trace elements. The principles of nutrition from the findings of this research could be useful in preventing and treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Taheri
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Shahla Asadi
- Centre of Software Technology and Management, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Mehrbakhsh Nilashi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Rabab Ali Abumalloh
- Computer Department, Community College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box. 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Salma Yasmin Mohd Yusuf
- Primary Care Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, 47000, Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Sarminah Samad
- Department of Business Administration, College of Business and Administration, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lin W, Zhang J, Xu JF, Pi J. The Advancing of Selenium Nanoparticles Against Infectious Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682284. [PMID: 34393776 PMCID: PMC8361478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases, caused by the direct exposure of cellular or acellular pathogens, are found to be closely associated with multiple inflammation and immune responses, keeping one of the top threats to human health. As an indispensable trace element, Selenium (Se) plays important roles in antioxidant defence and redox state regulation along with a variety of specific metabolic pathways. In recent decades, with the development of novel nanotechnology, Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) emerged as a promising agent for biomedical uses due to their low toxicity, degradability and high bioavailability. Taking the advantages of the strong ability to trigger apoptosis or autophagy by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), Se NPs have been widely used for direct anticancer treatments and pathogen killing/clearance in host cells. With excellent stability and drug encapsulation capacity, Se NPs are now serving as a kind of powerful nano-carriers for anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and anti-infection treatments. Notably, Se NPs are also found to play critical roles in immunity regulations, such as macrophage and T effector cell activation, which thus provides new possibilities to achieve novel nano-immune synergetic strategy for anti-cancer and anti-infection therapies. In this review, we summarized the progress of preparation methods for Se NPs, followed by the advances of their biological functions and mechanisms for biomedical uses, especially in the field of anti-infection treatments. Moreover, we further provide some prospects of Se NPs in anti-infectious diseases, which would be helpful for facilitating their future research progress for anti-infection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Lin
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Junai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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28
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James PT, Ali Z, Armitage AE, Bonell A, Cerami C, Drakesmith H, Jobe M, Jones KS, Liew Z, Moore SE, Morales-Berstein F, Nabwera HM, Nadjm B, Pasricha SR, Scheelbeek P, Silver MJ, Teh MR, Prentice AM. The Role of Nutrition in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity of Disease: A Systematic Review. J Nutr 2021; 151:1854-1878. [PMID: 33982105 PMCID: PMC8194602 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many nutrients have powerful immunomodulatory actions with the potential to alter susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, progression to symptoms, likelihood of severe disease, and survival. OBJECTIVE The aim was to review the latest evidence on how malnutrition across all its forms (under- and overnutrition and micronutrient status) may influence both susceptibility to, and progression of, COVID-19. METHODS We synthesized information on 13 nutrition-related components and their potential interactions with COVID-19: overweight, obesity, and diabetes; protein-energy malnutrition; anemia; vitamins A, C, D, and E; PUFAs; iron; selenium; zinc; antioxidants; and nutritional support. For each section we provide: 1) a landscape review of pertinent material; 2) a systematic search of the literature in PubMed and EMBASE databases, including a wide range of preprint servers; and 3) a screen of 6 clinical trial registries. All original research was considered, without restriction to study design, and included if it covered: 1) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), or SARS-CoV viruses and 2) disease susceptibility or 3) disease progression, and 4) the nutritional component of interest. Searches took place between 16 May and 11 August 2020. RESULTS Across the 13 searches, 2732 articles from PubMed and EMBASE, 4164 articles from the preprint servers, and 433 trials were returned. In the final narrative synthesis, we include 22 published articles, 38 preprint articles, and 79 trials. CONCLUSIONS Currently there is limited evidence that high-dose supplements of micronutrients will either prevent severe disease or speed up recovery. However, results of clinical trials are eagerly awaited. Given the known impacts of all forms of malnutrition on the immune system, public health strategies to reduce micronutrient deficiencies and undernutrition remain of critical importance. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes will reduce the risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes. This review is registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020186194.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T James
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zakari Ali
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Andrew E Armitage
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Bonell
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Carla Cerami
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Modou Jobe
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Kerry S Jones
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zara Liew
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Morales-Berstein
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Nabwera
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Behzad Nadjm
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Sant-Rayn Pasricha
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Pauline Scheelbeek
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matt J Silver
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Megan R Teh
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
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29
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Lima LW, Nardi S, Santoro V, Schiavon M. The Relevance of Plant-Derived Se Compounds to Human Health in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic Era. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071031. [PMID: 34202330 PMCID: PMC8300636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary selenium (Se)-compounds accumulated in plants are essential for human metabolism and normal physiological processes. Inorganic and organic Se species can be readily absorbed by the human body, but are metabolized differently and thus exhibit distinct mechanisms of action. They can act as antioxidants or serve as a source of Se for the synthesis of selenoproteins. Selenocysteine, in particular, is incorporated at the catalytic center of these proteins through a specific insertion mechanism and, due to its electronic features, enhances their catalytic activity against biological oxidants. Selenite and other Se-organic compounds may also act as direct antioxidants in cells due to their strong nucleophilic properties. In addition, Se-amino acids are more easily subjected to oxidation than the corresponding thiols/thioethers and can bind redox-active metal ions. Adequate Se intake aids in preventing several metabolic disorders and affords protection against viral infections. At present, an epidemic caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) threatens human health across several countries and impacts the global economy. Therefore, Se-supplementation could be a complementary treatment to vaccines and pharmacological drugs to reduce the viral load, mutation frequency, and enhance the immune system of populations with low Se intake in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serenella Nardi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy;
| | - Veronica Santoro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;
| | - Michela Schiavon
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-1670-8520
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30
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Kim H, Rebholz CM, Hegde S, LaFiura C, Raghavan M, Lloyd JF, Cheng S, Seidelmann SB. Plant-based diets, pescatarian diets and COVID-19 severity: a population-based case-control study in six countries. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2021; 4:257-266. [PMID: 34308134 PMCID: PMC8219480 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have hypothesised that dietary habits may play an important role in COVID-19 infection, severity of symptoms, and duration of illness. However, no previous studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns and COVID-19. METHODS Healthcare workers (HCWs) from six countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, USA) with substantial exposure to COVID-19 patients completed a web-based survey from 17 July to 25 September 2020. Participants provided information on demographic characteristics, dietary information, and COVID-19 outcomes. We used multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate the association between self-reported diets and COVID-19 infection, severity, and duration. RESULTS There were 568 COVID-19 cases and 2316 controls. Among the 568 cases, 138 individuals had moderate-to-severe COVID-19 severity whereas 430 individuals had very mild to mild COVID-19 severity. After adjusting for important confounders, participants who reported following 'plant-based diets' and 'plant-based diets or pescatarian diets' had 73% (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.81) and 59% (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.99) lower odds of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 severity, respectively, compared with participants who did not follow these diets. Compared with participants who reported following 'plant-based diets', those who reported following 'low carbohydrate, high protein diets' had greater odds of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.13 to 13.24). No association was observed between self-reported diets and COVID-19 infection or duration. CONCLUSION In six countries, plant-based diets or pescatarian diets were associated with lower odds of moderate-to-severe COVID-19. These dietary patterns may be considered for protection against severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiolgy, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiolgy, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheila Hegde
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - John F Lloyd
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sara B Seidelmann
- Department of Medicine, Stamford Hospital, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Zhang HY, Zhang AR, Lu QB, Zhang XA, Zhang ZJ, Guan XG, Che TL, Yang Y, Li H, Liu W, Fang LQ. Association between fatality rate of COVID-19 and selenium deficiency in China. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:452. [PMID: 34011281 PMCID: PMC8132024 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has impacted populations around the world, with the fatality rate varying dramatically across countries. Selenium, as one of the important micronutrients implicated in viral infections, was suggested to play roles. METHODS An ecological study was performed to assess the association between the COVID-19 related fatality and the selenium content both from crops and topsoil, in China. RESULTS Totally, 14,045 COVID-19 cases were reported from 147 cities during 8 December 2019-13 December 2020 were included. Based on selenium content in crops, the case fatality rates (CFRs) gradually increased from 1.17% in non-selenium-deficient areas, to 1.28% in moderate-selenium-deficient areas, and further to 3.16% in severe-selenium-deficient areas (P = 0.002). Based on selenium content in topsoil, the CFRs gradually increased from 0.76% in non-selenium-deficient areas, to 1.70% in moderate-selenium-deficient areas, and further to 1.85% in severe-selenium-deficient areas (P < 0.001). The zero-inflated negative binomial regression model showed a significantly higher fatality risk in cities with severe-selenium-deficient selenium content in crops than non-selenium-deficient cities, with incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 3.88 (95% CIs: 1.21-12.52), which was further confirmed by regression fitting the association between CFR of COVID-19 and selenium content in topsoil, with the IRR of 2.38 (95% CIs: 1.14-4.98) for moderate-selenium-deficient cities and 3.06 (1.49-6.27) for severe-selenium-deficient cities. CONCLUSIONS Regional selenium deficiency might be related to an increased CFR of COVID-19. Future studies are needed to explore the associations between selenium status and disease outcome at individual-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Gang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Le Che
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 430071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Q, Zhao X, Ma J, Mu Y, Wang Y, Yang S, Wu Y, Wu F, Zhou Y. Selenium (Se) plays a key role in the biological effects of some viruses: Implications for COVID-19. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110984. [PMID: 33691157 PMCID: PMC7937041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Host nutrition is an important factor affecting disease progression. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for the human body with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune effects, and Se deficiency increases RNA-virus replication and virulent mutations, which lead to more severe tissue damage and symptoms. Low Se status in the host may be an important cause of health complications induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this article, we describe the metabolic mechanisms by which Se is involved in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune effects, and review the role and clinical effects of Se in viral infection. We then discuss the potential relationship between Se and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The association between soil Se level and the incidence of COVID-19 was observed in different cities of Hubei Province. The incidence of COVID-19 was more than 10 times lower in Se-enriched cities (Enshi, Shiyan, and Xiangyang) than in Se-deficient cities (Suizhou and Xiaogan). Although the relationship between soil Se levels and the incidence of COVID-19 in Hubei still needs further study, these findings provide baseline information demonstrating the effect of Se levels on SARS-CoV-2, which could contribute to the prevention and management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yunsong Mu
- School of Environment and Nature Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yihang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yongzhang Zhou
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Keflie TS, Biesalski HK. Micronutrients and bioactive substances: Their potential roles in combating COVID-19. Nutrition 2021; 84:111103. [PMID: 33450678 PMCID: PMC7717879 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is seriously threatening public health and setting off huge economic crises across the world. In the absence of specific drugs for COVID-19, there is an urgent need to look for alternative approaches. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to review the roles of micronutrients and bioactive substances as potential alternative approaches in combating COVID-19. METHODS This review was based on the literature identified using electronic searches in different databases. RESULTS Vitamins (A, B, C, D, and E), minerals (selenium and zinc), and bioactive substances from curcumin, echinacea, propolis, garlic, soybean, green tea, and other polyphenols were identified as having potential roles in interfering with spike glycoproteins, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, and transmembrane protease serine 2 at the entry site, and inhibiting activities of papain-like protease, 3 chymotrypsin-like protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in the replication cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Having immunomodulating, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties, such micronutrients and bioactive substances are consequently promising alterative nutritional approaches to combat COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The roles of micronutrients and bioactive substances in the fight against COVID-19 are exciting areas of research. This review may suggest directions for further study.
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Short SP, Pilat JM, Barrett CW, Reddy VK, Haberman Y, Hendren JR, Marsh BJ, Keating CE, Motley AK, Hill KE, Zemper AE, Washington MK, Shi C, Chen X, Wilson KT, Hyams JS, Denson LA, Burk RF, Rosen MJ, Williams CS. Colonic Epithelial-Derived Selenoprotein P Is the Source for Antioxidant-Mediated Protection in Colitis-Associated Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1694-1708.e3. [PMID: 33388316 PMCID: PMC8035252 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) demonstrate nutritional selenium deficiencies and are at greater risk of developing colon cancer. Previously, we determined that global reduction of the secreted antioxidant selenium-containing protein, selenoprotein P (SELENOP), substantially increased tumor development in an experimental colitis-associated cancer (CAC) model. We next sought to delineate tissue-specific contributions of SELENOP to intestinal inflammatory carcinogenesis and define clinical context. METHODS Selenop floxed mice crossed with Cre driver lines to delete Selenop from the liver, myeloid lineages, or intestinal epithelium were placed on an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate experimental CAC protocol. SELENOP loss was assessed in human ulcerative colitis (UC) organoids, and expression was queried in human and adult UC samples. RESULTS Although large sources of SELENOP, both liver- and myeloid-specific Selenop deletion failed to modify azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-mediated tumorigenesis. Instead, epithelial-specific deletion increased CAC tumorigenesis, likely due to elevated oxidative stress with a resulting increase in genomic instability and augmented tumor initiation. SELENOP was down-regulated in UC colon biopsies and levels were inversely correlated with endoscopic disease severity and tissue S100A8 (calprotectin) gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Although global selenium status is typically assessed by measuring liver-derived plasma SELENOP levels, our results indicate that the peripheral SELENOP pool is dispensable for CAC. Colonic epithelial SELENOP is the main contributor to local antioxidant capabilities. Thus, colonic SELENOP is the most informative means to assess selenium levels and activity in IBD patients and may serve as a novel biomarker for UC disease severity and identify patients most predisposed to CAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Short
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer M Pilat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Caitlyn W Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vishruth K Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yael Haberman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jared R Hendren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Benjamin J Marsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cody E Keating
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy K Motley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kristina E Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anne E Zemper
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Raymond F Burk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael J Rosen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Gorji S, Gorji A. COVID-19 pandemic: the possible influence of the long-term ignorance about climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15575-15579. [PMID: 33403640 PMCID: PMC7785327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
In addressing the current COVID-19 pandemic and evaluating the measures taken by global leaders so far, it is crucial to trace back the circumstances influencing the emergence of the crisis that the world is presently facing. Could it be that the failure to act in a timely manner dates way back to when first concerns about climate change and its inevitable threat to human health came up? Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the large-scale and rapid environmental changes in the last few decades may be implicated in the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic by increasing the potential risk of the occurrence and the spread of zoonotic diseases, worsening food security, and weakening the human immune system. As we are facing progressive climatic change, a failure to act accordingly could inevitably lead to further, more frequent confrontations with newly emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domagkstr. 11, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domagkstr. 11, Münster, 48149, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Bermano G, Méplan C, Mercer DK, Hesketh JE. Selenium and viral infection: are there lessons for COVID-19? Br J Nutr 2021; 125:618-627. [PMID: 32758306 PMCID: PMC7503044 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Se is a micronutrient essential for human health. Sub-optimal Se status is common, occurring in a significant proportion of the population across the world including parts of Europe and China. Human and animal studies have shown that Se status is a key determinant of the host response to viral infections. In this review, we address the question whether Se intake is a factor in determining the severity of response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Emphasis is placed on epidemiological and animal studies which suggest that Se affects host response to RNA viruses and on the molecular mechanisms by which Se and selenoproteins modulate the inter-linked redox homeostasis, stress response and inflammatory response. Together these studies indicate that Se status is an important factor in determining the host response to viral infections. Therefore, we conclude that Se status is likely to influence human response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and that Se status is one (of several) risk factors which may impact on the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in populations where Se intake is sub-optimal or low. We suggest the use of appropriate markers to assess the Se status of COVID-19 patients and possible supplementation may be beneficial in limiting the severity of symptoms, especially in countries where Se status is regarded as sub-optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Bermano
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, AberdeenAB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Catherine Méplan
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
| | - Derry K. Mercer
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, AberdeenAB10 7GJ, UK
| | - John E. Hesketh
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, AberdeenAB10 7GJ, UK
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Rakib A, Nain Z, Sami SA, Mahmud S, Islam A, Ahmed S, Siddiqui ABF, Babu SMOF, Hossain P, Shahriar A, Nainu F, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. A molecular modelling approach for identifying antiviral selenium-containing heterocyclic compounds that inhibit the main protease of SARS-CoV-2: an in silico investigation. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:1476-1498. [PMID: 33623995 PMCID: PMC7929402 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, and the situation worsens daily, associated with acute increases in case fatality rates. The main protease (Mpro) enzyme produced by SARS-CoV-2 was recently demonstrated to be responsible for not only viral reproduction but also impeding host immune responses. The element selenium (Se) plays a vital role in immune functions, both directly and indirectly. Thus, we hypothesised that Se-containing heterocyclic compounds might curb the activity of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. We performed a molecular docking analysis and found that several of the selected selenocompounds showed potential binding affinities for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, especially ethaselen (49), which exhibited a docking score of -6.7 kcal/mol compared with the -6.5 kcal/mol score for GC376 (positive control). Drug-likeness calculations suggested that these compounds are biologically active and possess the characteristics of ideal drug candidates. Based on the binding affinity and drug-likeness results, we selected the 16 most effective selenocompounds as potential anti-COVID-19 drug candidates. We also validated the structural integrity and stability of the drug candidate through molecular dynamics simulation. Using further in vitro and in vivo experiments, we believe that the targeted compound identified in this study (ethaselen) could pave the way for the development of prospective drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2 infections and trigger specific host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Rakib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Zulkar Nain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Bangladesh
| | - Saad Ahmed Sami
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Bangladesh
| | - Shafi Mahmud
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Ashiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Shahriar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Payar Hossain
- Bachelor of Pharmacy professional degree focused in Pharmacy from University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Shahriar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, USA
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia
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Akhtar S, Das JK, Ismail T, Wahid M, Saeed W, Bhutta ZA. Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:289-300. [PMID: 33570583 PMCID: PMC7454773 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, there is an array of clinical trials under way to evaluate treatment options against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Concurrently, several nutritional therapies and alternative supportive treatments are also being used and tested to reduce the mortality associated with acute respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19. In the context of COVID-19, improved nutrition that includes micronutrient supplementation to augment the immune system has been recognized as a viable approach to both prevent and alleviate the severity of the infection. The potential role of micronutrients as immune-boosting agents is particularly relevant for low- and middle-income countries, which already have an existing high burden of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. A systematic literature review was performed to identify nutritional interventions that might prevent or aid in the recovery from COVID-19. The PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched electronically from February to April 2020. All abstracts and full-text articles were examined for their relevance to this review. The information gathered was collated under various categories. Deficiencies of micronutrients, especially vitamins A, B complex, C, and D, zinc, iron, and selenium, are common among vulnerable populations in general and among COVID-19 patients in particular and could plausibly increase the risk of mortality. Judicious use of need-based micronutrient supplementation, alongside existing micronutrient fortification programs, is warranted in the current global pandemic, especially in low- and middle-income economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jai K Das
- Division of Woman and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Wisha Saeed
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, and the Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Köhrle J. Selenium in Endocrinology-Selenoprotein-Related Diseases, Population Studies, and Epidemiological Evidence. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6056471. [PMID: 33382424 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), apart from iodine, iron, and calcium, is one of the nutrient-derived key elements strongly affecting the endocrine system. However, no specific hormonal "feedback" regulation for Se status has yet been identified, in contrast to the fine-tuned hormone network regulating Ca2+ and phosphate balance or hepcidin-related iron status. Since its discovery as an essential trace element, the effects of Se excess or deficiency on the endocrine system or components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-periphery feedback circuits, the thyroid hormone axis, glucoregulatory and adrenal hormones, male and female gonads, the musculoskeletal apparatus, and skin have been identified. Analysis of the Se status in the blood or via validated biomarkers such as the hepatically derived selenoprotein P provides valuable diagnostic insight and a rational basis for decision making on required therapeutic or preventive supplementation of risk groups or patients. Endocrine-related epidemiological and interventional evidence linking Se status to beneficial or potentially adverse actions of selected selenoproteins mediating most of the (patho-) physiological effects are discussed in this mini-review. Autoimmune thyroid disease, diabetes and obesity, male fertility, as well as osteoporosis are examples for which observational or interventional studies have indicated Se effects. The currently prevailing concept relating Se and selenoproteins to "oxidative stress," reactive oxygen species, radical hypotheses, and related strategies of pharmacological approaches based on various selenium compounds will not be the focus. The crucial biological function of several selenoproteins in cellular redox-regulation and specific enzyme reactions in endocrine pathways will be addressed and put in clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Gorji A, Khaleghi Ghadiri M. Potential roles of micronutrient deficiency and immune system dysfunction in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nutrition 2021; 82:111047. [PMID: 33277150 PMCID: PMC7647394 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary studies indicate that a robust immune response across different cell types is crucial in recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). An enormous number of investigations point to the vital importance of various micronutrients in the interactions between the host immune system and viruses, including COVID-19. There are complex and multifaceted links among micronutrient status, the host immune response, and the virulence of pathogenic viruses. Micronutrients play a critical role in the coordinated recruitment of innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections, particularly in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory host responses. Furthermore, inadequate amounts of micronutrients not only weaken the immune system in combating viral infections, but also contribute to the emergence of more virulent strains via alterations of the genetic makeup of the viral genome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence that suggests the contribution of micronutrients in the spread as well as the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. Both the presence of micronutrient deficiencies among infected individuals and the effect of micronutrient supplementation on the immune responses and overall outcome of the disease could be of great interest when weighing the use of micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. These investigations could be of great value in dealing with future viral epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Shi Y, Yang W, Tang X, Yan Q, Cai X, Wu F. Keshan Disease: A Potentially Fatal Endemic Cardiomyopathy in Remote Mountains of China. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:576916. [PMID: 33768083 PMCID: PMC7985175 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.576916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Keshan disease (KD) as an endemic, highly lethal cardiomyopathy, first reported in northeast China's Keshan County in 1935. The clinical manifestations of patients with KD include primarily congestive heart failure, acute heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmia. Even though some possible etiologies, such as viral infection, fungal infection, microelement deficiency, and malnutrition, have been reported, the exact causes of KD remain poorly known. The endemic areas where KD is found are remote and rural, and many are poor and mountainous places where people are the most socioeconomically disadvantaged in terms of housing, income, education, transportation, and utilization of health services. To date, KD is a huge burden to and severely restricts the economic development of the local residents and health systems of the endemic areas. Although efforts have been made by the government to control, treat, and interrupt disease transmission, the cure for or complete eradication of KD still requires global attention. For this reason, in this review, we systematically describe the etiological hypothesis, clinical manifestations, incidence characteristics, and treatment of KD, to facilitate the better understanding of and draw more attention to this non-representative cardiovascular disease, with the aim of accelerating its elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Physical Examination, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianwen Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quanhao Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojing Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fenfang Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Experience in Nutrition Management of Diabetes-Affected COVID-19 Patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1321:69-80. [PMID: 33656714 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When diabetic patients are ill, their bodies react by releasing hormones to combat the illness. These hormones can be triggered by some states, such as infections. Some illnesses that most likely have an influence on blood glucose levels include common cold or flu, COVID-19, bronchitis, or chest infections. So, it is important for diabetic patients affected by COVID-19 to eat a healthy balanced diet to maintain stable blood glucose levels and enhance their immune functions. The immune response has often been demonstrated to be attenuated by insufficient nutrition in many model systems as well as in human studies. We summarize and propose potential nutritional therapeutic options available for the treatment of this novel coronavirus in diabetic patients.
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Bae M, Kim H. Mini-Review on the Roles of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Selenium in the Immune System against COVID-19. Molecules 2020; 25:E5346. [PMID: 33207753 PMCID: PMC7696052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of micronutrients have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes during viral infections. Therefore, to maximize the nutritional defense against infections, a daily allowance of vitamins and trace elements for malnourished patients at risk of or diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be beneficial. Recent studies on COVID-19 patients have shown that vitamin D and selenium deficiencies are evident in patients with acute respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D improves the physical barrier against viruses and stimulates the production of antimicrobial peptides. It may prevent cytokine storms by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines. Selenium enhances the function of cytotoxic effector cells. Furthermore, selenium is important for maintaining T cell maturation and functions, as well as for T cell-dependent antibody production. Vitamin C is considered an antiviral agent as it increases immunity. Administration of vitamin C increased the survival rate of COVID-19 patients by attenuating excessive activation of the immune response. Vitamin C increases antiviral cytokines and free radical formation, decreasing viral yield. It also attenuates excessive inflammatory responses and hyperactivation of immune cells. In this mini-review, the roles of vitamin C, vitamin D, and selenium in the immune system are discussed in relation to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, BK21 FOUR, College of Natural Sciences, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea;
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Acar O, Izydorczyk M, McMillan T, Yazici M, Ozdemir B, Cakmak I, Koksel H. An investigation on minerals, arabinoxylans and other fibres of biofortified hull-less barley fractions obtained by two milling systems. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shirani F, Khorvash F, Arab A. Review on selected potential nutritional intervention for treatment and prevention of viral infections: possibility of recommending these for Coronavirus 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1825483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shirani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzin Khorvash
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Hossain MF, Hasana S, Mamun AA, Uddin MS, Wahed MII, Sarker S, Behl T, Ullah I, Begum Y, Bulbul IJ, Amran MS, Rahman MH, Bin-Jumah MN, Alkahtani S, Mousa SA, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim MM. COVID-19 Outbreak: Pathogenesis, Current Therapies, and Potentials for Future Management. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:563478. [PMID: 33178016 PMCID: PMC7596415 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.563478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV) was found at the seafood market of Hubei province in Wuhan, China, and this virus was officially named coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) by World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is mainly characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) and creates public health concerns as well as significant threats to the economy around the world. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is unclear and there is no effective treatment of this newly life-threatening and devastating virus. Therefore, it is crucial to search for alternative methods that alleviate or inhibit the spread of COVID-19. In this review, we try to find out the etiology, epidemiology, symptoms as well as transmissions of this novel virus. We also summarize therapeutic interventions and suggest antiviral treatments, immune-enhancing candidates, general supplements, and CoV specific treatments that control replication and reproduction of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Farhad Hossain
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Hasana
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Imam Ibne Wahed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Sabarni Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yesmin Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Shah Amran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - May N. Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Junaid K, Ejaz H, Abdalla AE, Abosalif KOA, Ullah MI, Yasmeen H, Younas S, Hamam SSM, Rehman A. Effective Immune Functions of Micronutrients against SARS-CoV-2. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2992. [PMID: 33003648 PMCID: PMC7599934 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The third coronavirus outbreak in the last two decades has caused significant damage to the world's economy and community health. The highly contagious COVID-19 infection has affected millions of people to date and has led to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. Aside from the highly infectious nature of SARS-CoV-2, the lack of a treatment or vaccine has been the main reason for its spread. Thus, it has become necessary to find alternative methods for controlling SARS-CoV-2. For the present review, we conducted an online search for different available nutrition-based therapies for previously known coronavirus infections and RNA-based virus infections as well as general antiviral therapies. These treatments have promise for combating COVID-19, as various nutrients and minerals play direct and indirect roles in the control and prevention of this newly emerged viral infection. The patients' nutritional status with COVID-19 must be analyzed before administering any treatment, and nutritional supplements should be given to the affected individuals along with routine treatment. We suggest a potential interventional role of nutrients to strengthen the immune system against the emerging infection caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Junaid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman 14415, Sudan
| | - Khalid O A Abosalif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman 14415, Sudan
| | - Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humaira Yasmeen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Younas
- Department of Pathology, Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Kamoke, District Gujranwala, Kamoke 50661, Pakistan
| | - Sanaa S M Hamam
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom 32511, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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Sies H, Parnham MJ. Potential therapeutic use of ebselen for COVID-19 and other respiratory viral infections. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:107-112. [PMID: 32598985 PMCID: PMC7319625 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ebselen is an organoselenium compound exhibiting hydroperoxide- and peroxynitrite-reducing activity, acting as a glutathione peroxidase and peroxiredoxin enzyme mimetic. Ebselen reacts with a multitude of protein thiols, forming a selenosulfide bond, which results in pleiotropic effects of antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory nature. The main protease (Mpro) of the corona virus SARS-CoV-2 is a potential drug target, and a screen with over 10,000 compounds identified ebselen as a particularly promising inhibitor of Mpro (Jin, Z. et al. (2020) Nature 582, 289-293). We discuss here the reaction of ebselen with cysteine proteases, the role of ebselen in infections with viruses and with other microorganisms. We also discuss effects of ebselen in lung inflammation. In further research on the inhibition of Mpro in SARS-CoV-2, ebselen can serve as a promising lead compound, if the inhibitory effect is confirmed in intact cells in vivo. Independently of this action, potential beneficial effects of ebselen in COVID-19 are ascribed to a number of targets critical to pathogenesis, such as attenuation of inflammatory oxidants and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Pharmacology Consultant, Bad Soden am Taunus, Germany.
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They are what you eat: Shaping of viral populations through nutrition and consequences for virulence. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008711. [PMID: 32790755 PMCID: PMC7425860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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50
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Acar O, Izydorczyk MS, Kletke J, Atilla Yazici M, Imamoglu A, Cakmak I, Koksel H. Comparison of short and long milling flows on yield and physicochemical properties of brans from biofortified and nonbiofortified hull‐less oats. Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Acar
- Department of Food Technology Field Crops Central Research Institute Ankara Turkey
| | - Marta S. Izydorczyk
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Jerry Kletke
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - M. Atilla Yazici
- Department of Field Crops, Aegean Agricultural Research Institute Izmir Turkey
| | - Aydin Imamoglu
- Department of Field Crops, Aegean Agricultural Research Institute Izmir Turkey
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hamit Koksel
- Department of Food Engineering Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Istinye University Istanbul Turkey
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