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Hassan HM, Abdeen A, Mahmoud ME, Almohammadi NH, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Far AH, Zaghamir DEF, Mohamed ME, Ali EK, Aborayah NH, Hasan T, Mohammed NA, Abdelhady D, Elbaghdady HAM, Ibrahim SF, Hassanein KMA. Preferential Therapeutic Potential of Ficus carica Against Monosodium Glutamate and Metanil Yellow-Evoked Hepato-Renal Injury: In Vivo and In Silico Approaches. Mol Nutr Food Res 2025:e70030. [PMID: 40350991 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.70030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Food preservatives can break food safety worldwide; herein, we studied the mitigating effect of Ficus carica (FC) on hepato-renal injury resulting from monosodium glutamate (MSG) or metanil yellow (MY) as a common food preservative. Rats were assigned into five groups; Control, MSG (400 mg/kg), MY (200 mg/kg), FC+MSG (received FC plus MSG), and FC+MY group (received FC plus MY). The antioxidant properties of FC were evaluated. The results revealed the antioxidant potency of FC leave extract. MSG/MY evoked a hepato-renal injury indicated by marked elevations in their biochemical functions. Besides, oxidative damage was also initiated represented by significant increases in MDA levels and decreases in GSH content and SOD activity accompanied by apoptotic cascade (increases in Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase3 expression). The molecular docking ascertained the interaction between MSG/MY and cellular antioxidants. However, FC was able to reduce the MSG/MY-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and histopathological alterations as well as improve the liver and kidney functions. In the molecular docking model, the natural bioactive compounds of FC explored high affinities for binding with Bax and caspase-3 abrogating the induced apoptosis. The antioxidant potential of FC mitigated the hepato-renal damage in rats caused by MSG or MY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa M Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Magda E Mahmoud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nawal H Almohammadi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Donia E F Zaghamir
- College of Nursing, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Mohamed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab K Ali
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Nashwa H Aborayah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan
| | - Tabinda Hasan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dania Abdelhady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dubai Medical College for Girls, Dubai Medical University, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Samah F Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M A Hassanein
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Singh M, Chadha P. Dose-Dependent Hepatorenal Damage Induced by Erythrosine: A Study of Biochemical, Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Histopathological Effects in Wistar Rats. J Appl Toxicol 2025; 45:884-897. [PMID: 39843243 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide insights into the hepatorenal toxicity induced by erythrosine, a synthetic red dye commonly used in food and pharmaceuticals, which has raised concerns over its potential health risks. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). The first group was the control group and the other group received one of three doses of erythrosine based on acceptable daily intake (¼ ADI, ½ ADI, and ADI, 0.1 mg/kg body weight). This study examined biological activity via biochemical enzyme analysis, oxidative stress indices, DNA damage, and histopathology. Compared with the control group, erythrosine administration increased the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, urea, creatinine, and uric acid at the highest erythrosine dose. The catalase and the superoxide dismutase activity decreased in both tissues at the highest dose. The glutathione-S-transferase activity increased at the ¼ ADI dose and decreased at higher doses in both tissues. In contrast, acetylcholinesterase activity was greater in erythrosine-treated rats than in control rats. Oxidative stress indices indicated increased lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide content, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. The comet assay was used to assess DNA damage, revealing significant damage in the erythrosine-treated groups. Histopathological examination revealed necrotic and degenerative changes in the liver and kidney tissues. The findings underscore dose-dependent hepatorenal toxicity and highlight the novelty of demonstrating a comprehensive link between erythrosine exposure, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. These results emphasize the need for cautious evaluation of synthetic dye consumption due to potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Pooja Chadha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Carvalho RPR, Costa RVD, Carvalho IRD, Viana AGA, Lopez CR, Oliveira MS, Guimarães-Ervilha LO, Sousa WVD, Bastos DSS, Miranda ED, Nogueira FCS, Machado-Neves M. Dose-related effects of eugenol: Exploring renal functionality and morphology in healthy Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2025; 196:115244. [PMID: 39793947 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
Eugenol has pharmacological properties, but its impact on renal function is limitedly studied. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of eugenol at 10, 20, and 40 mg kg-1, administered via gavage for 60 days, on histological, biochemical, oxidative, and proteomic parameters in rat kidneys. Adult Wistar rats treated with 10 mg kg-1 of eugenol had kidneys with low total antioxidant capacity, high nitric oxide content, and high percentual of blood vessels, with no damage to renal function or morphology. The kidney proteome revealed an upregulation of proteins associated with energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. Eugenol at 20 mg kg-1 did not alter kidney histology but inhibited Na+/K+ ATPase activity. This dose elicited an upregulation of proteins associated with mitochondrial function and cellular defense. Finally, 40 mg kg-1 eugenol had more pronounced effects on the kidney, increasing serum sodium, potassium, and chloride levels, inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase activity, triggering an adaptive response to oxidative stress, and showing apical brush border thinness in proximal tubules. We concluded that eugenol exerted dose-dependent effects on kidney function and morphology. These findings highlight the importance of careful consideration of eugenol's dosage in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosiany Vieira da Costa
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Isadora Ribeiro de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Arabela Guedes Azevedo Viana
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Camilo Ramirez Lopez
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Oliveira
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Luiz Otavio Guimarães-Ervilha
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Wassali Valadares de Sousa
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Proteomic Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Silva Sena Bastos
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Edgar Diaz Miranda
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Proteomic Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil; Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Eleryan A, Aigbe UO, Ukhurebor KE, Hassaan MA, Ragab S, Osibote OA, Hossain I, El Nemr A. Adsorption of Acid Yellow 36 and direct blue 86 dyes to Delonix regia biochar-sulphur. Sci Rep 2025; 15:3448. [PMID: 39870714 PMCID: PMC11772611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-85405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/29/2025] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate a new approach to removing hazardous dyes like Direct Blue 86 (DB86) and Acid Yellow 36 (AY36) from aqueous environments. Delonix regia biochar-sulphur (DRB-S), made from Delonix regia seed pods (DPSPs), is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly adsorbent. Different characterization investigations using BJH, BET, FTIR, SEM, DSC, TGA, and EDX were utilized in the descriptions of the DRB-S biosorbent. The optimal pH for AY36 dye and DB86 dye adsorption to the DRB-S adsorvbent was at pH 1.5. For the adsorption of AY36 and DB86 to DRB-S, equilibrium was attained at 30 and 90 min of reaction time interaction. The Langmuir model (LGM) and pseudo-second-order-model (PSOM) best describe the biosorption of both dye molecules to the biosorbent owing to the equal and homogeneous spread of the dye molecules over the biosorbent porous surface and a chemisorption process which involved the valency force through the exchange of electrons between the dye molecules and the prepared biosorbent. The determined biosorption capacities for both dyes (AY36 and DB86) were found to be 270.27 mg/g and 36.23 mg/g, respectively. In conclusion, this recently synthesised DRB-S adsorbent exhibited an impressive sorption capacity and successfully removed AY36 and DB86 dyes. This suggests that the biosorbent has potential applications in wastewater treatment and can be recycled without affecting its adsorption effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eleryan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Uyiosa Osagie Aigbe
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Mohamed A Hassaan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Otolorin Adelaja Osibote
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ismail Hossain
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Dong H, Feng J, Chang X, Wu S, Tang G, Liang F, Tang H, Dong Y, Fang W, Hu J, Wang W. Predictive value of systemic immune-inflammatory biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury in hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive tuberculosis patients: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e40349. [PMID: 39533543 PMCID: PMC11556996 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern in tuberculosis (TB) treatment. For early detection of DILI, immune-inflammatory biomarkers are needed for better management. To explore the predictive effect of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) combined with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), eosinophil (EOS%), and CD4/CD8 on DILI occurrence in TB patients with HBsAg positive. This is a retrospective study enrolling patients who were treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs and infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the Guangzhou Chest Hospital from 2018 to 2023. Population demographics and clinical data of 2643 patients were collected by reviewing electronic medical records. Using a propensity score matching model, the study ultimately included 516 patients (258 patients with DILI and 258 patients without DILI). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the predictive role of systemic immune-inflammatory biomarkers (SII, NLR, MLR, EOS%, and CD4/CD8) in DILI in hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive TB patients (HBV-TB-DILI). As compared to patients without DILI, patients with DILI have elevated levels of systemic immune-inflammatory biomarkers (SII, NLR, MLR, EOS%, and CD4/CD8), (all P < .05). The SII, NLR, MLR, PLR, EOS%, and CD4/CD8 are risk factors of HBV-TB-DILI. The NLR, MLR, SII, and EOS% were positively correlated with liver function (P < .001). The combination of SII, NLR, MLR, EOS%, and CD4/CD8 demonstrated good predictive performance for DILI occurrence in HBV-TB patients. The combination of SII, NLR, MLR, EOS%, and CD4/CD8 demonstrated good predictive performance for DILI occurrence in HBV-TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Feng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Chang
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoling Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guidan Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Fang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyong Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Rana HK, Singh AK, Kumar R, Pandey AK. Antitubercular drugs: possible role of natural products acting as antituberculosis medication in overcoming drug resistance and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1251-1273. [PMID: 37665346 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacterium which causes tuberculosis (TB). TB control programmes are facing threats from drug resistance. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb strains need longer and more expensive treatment with many medications resulting in more adverse effects and decreased chances of treatment outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasised the development of not just new individual anti-TB drugs, but also novel medication regimens as an alternative treatment option for the drug-resistant Mtb strains. Many plants, as well as marine creatures (sponge; Haliclona sp.) and fungi, have been continuously used to treat TB in various traditional treatment systems around the world, providing an almost limitless supply of active components. Natural products, in addition to their anti-mycobacterial action, can be used as adjuvant therapy to increase the efficacy of conventional anti-mycobacterial medications, reduce their side effects, and reverse MDR Mtb strain due to Mycobacterium's genetic flexibility and environmental adaptation. Several natural compounds such as quercetin, ursolic acid, berberine, thymoquinone, curcumin, phloretin, and propolis have shown potential anti-mycobacterial efficacy and are still being explored in preclinical and clinical investigations for confirmation of their efficacy and safety as anti-TB medication. However, more high-level randomized clinical trials are desperately required. The current review provides an overview of drug-resistant TB along with the latest anti-TB medications, drug-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Further, the role and mechanisms of action of first and second-line anti-TB drugs and new drugs have been highlighted. Finally, the role of natural compounds as anti-TB medication and hepatoprotectants have been described and their mechanisms discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Zoology, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, 229001, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Botany, BMK Government. Girls College, Balod, Chhattisgarh, 491226, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India.
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Nagaraju PG, S A, Rao PJ, Priyadarshini P. Assessment of acute and subacute toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of eugenol nanoparticles after oral exposure in Wistar rats. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:87-105. [PMID: 38349196 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2314483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the safety, toxicity, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of eugenol nanoparticles (EONs) following oral administration in Wistar rat models. In the acute toxicity study, the rats were given a fixed dose of 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg body weight per group orally and screened for 2 weeks after administration. In the subacute study, three different doses (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW) of EON were administered for 28 days. The results indicated no significant differences in food and water consumption, bodyweight change, hematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, gross findings, or histopathology compared to the control. Additionally, no significant changes were observed in the expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα in the plasma, confirming the absence of systemic inflammation. Biodistribution analysis revealed rapid absorption of eugenol and improved bioavailability due to gradual and sustained release, leading to a maximum eugenol concentration of 15.05 μg/mL (Cmax) at approximately 8 h (Tmax) in the blood plasma. Thus, the study provides valuable insights into the utilization of EON for enhancing the stability, solubility, and sustained release of eugenol and highlights its promising safety profile in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod G Nagaraju
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashwini S
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pooja J Rao
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology, CSIR Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Karaman M. Biochemical and molecular assessment of oxidative stress in fruit fly exposed to azo dye Brilliant Black PN. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:150. [PMID: 38236489 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azo dyes are widely used in the food industry to prevent color loss during processing and storage of products. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a diazo dye Brilliant Black PN (E151) on oxidative stress-related parameters in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) at biochemical and molecular levels. METHODS AND RESULTS Third instar larvae were transferred to a medium containing the dye at different doses (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL). Gene expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes were determined in the heads of adult flies obtained from these larvae. In addition, the glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde levels were measured using spectrophotometric analysis. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was also detected by real-time PCR. The results showed that treatment with 5 mg/mL of the dye caused a decrease in both gene expression and enzyme activity of CAT and GPx. Moreover, the same dose of dye treatment decreased AChE activity, GSH level, and mtDNA copy number. CONCLUSIONS As a result, Brilliant Black PN dye can trigger toxicity by altering the level and activity of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, more comprehensive studies are needed to elucidate the side effect mechanism and toxicity of this dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Karaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Rahman S, Jan G, Jan FG, Rahim HU. Phytochemical Analysis and hypoglycemic potential of Filago hurdwarica (Wall. ex DC.) Wagenitz in alloxan induced diabetic mice. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e261518. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.261518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Plants have profound therapeutic benefits, more economical treatments, fewer side effects, and a relatively cheap cost, making them a source of drugs for protective, preventative, curative, or conducive purposes and creating novel phytomedicines. Plant derived medicines are relatively safe compared to synthetic medicines. Many plants have proved to successfully aid in the treatment of diabetes including Filago hurdwarica (Wall. ex DC.) Wagenitz. The current investigations were therefore designed to assess the phytochemical, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities of F. hurdwarica. The phytochemical investigations and antioxidant activities of different extracts were carried out using standard chemical tests, DPPH, and H2O2 scavenging assays. F. hurdwarica plant extract in Hydromethanolic solution were prepared by Soxhletation method and stored in refrigerator at 4°C for two days before use. Swiss Albino mice were made diabetic by a single dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Hydromethanolic plant extract and fractions of F. hurdwarica were screened for antidiabetic activity and given to the alloxan-induced diabetic mice at a concentration of 150-250 mg/kg of body weight in different groups of 6 diabetic mice each orally once a day for 15 days. Glibenclamide is also given to another group to as a standard drug to support the result at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight orally once a day for 15 days. Blood glucose levels and body weights of mice were measured on 0, 4, 7, 11 and 15th days. The study found that the extract was safe up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg and the dose response effect of chloroform extract (150-250 mg/kg) of F. hurdwarica showed expressive antihyperglycemic effects and also improved other altered biochemical parameters associated with diabetes. The FTIR and XRD spectra demonstrated the occurrence of phenols, alcohols, alkenes, alkyl halides, ketones, and aromatic compounds and confirmed the amorphous nature of the extract. GC-MS spectral analysis showed the tentative presence of 31 phytochemical constituents in the chloroform extract of F. hurdwarica with different retention time. To conclude, the chloroform extract (250 mg/kg) of F. hurdwarica revealed considerable antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic potential and is safe for treating diabetes and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rahman
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Gul Jan
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - F. Gul Jan
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
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Hussain S, Gul Jan F, Jan G, Irfan M, Musa M, Rahman S, Ali N, Hamayun M, Alrefai AF, Almutairi MH, Azmat R, Ali S. Evaluation of the Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Potential of Extract Fraction of Quercus baloot Griff Seeds in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:2978-2991. [PMID: 39219120 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128319184240827070016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The discovery and development of new phytomedicines can be greatly aided by plants because of their tremendous therapeutic benefits, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, lack of side effects, and cheaper therapies. In this regard, Quercus baloot, generally known as oak, is used in folkloric medicine for treating and preventing various human disorders, including diabetes. AIM For this purpose, the present study aimed to evaluate crude methanolic extract and various fractions of Quercus baloot for antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic potential followed by the analysis of active compounds. METHODS The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity was evaluated in Swiss male Albino mice by administering an oral dose of 150-300 mg/kg of Q. baloot extracts in alloxan induced diabetic mice for 14 days. RESULTS The results revealed that crude methanolic extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg exhibited a significant reduction in the blood glucose level (198.50 ± 1.99 mg/dl) at day 14 and the same treatment significantly increased the body weight (31.26 ± 0.27 g) at day 14 in comparison to the control group. Moreover, the biochemical parameters were investigated which presented an increase in high-density lipids (HDL) (30.33 ± 0.33 mg/dl), whereas low-density lipids (LDL) showed a significant decrease (105.66 ± 0.26 mg/dl). Additionally, triglyceride levels 104.83 ± 0.70 mg/dl, and total cholesterol 185.50 ± 0.76 mg/dl are significantly decreased. In serum biochemical analysis creatinine and hepatic enzyme markers, like serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (32.00 ± 0.36 U/mg), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (34.33 ± 0.61 U/mg), and alkaline phosphatase (157.00 ± 0.73 U/mg), were significantly reduced by the crude methanolic extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg as compared to the control group. The antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase (4.57 ± 0.011), peroxidases dismutase (6.53 ± 0.014, and catalase (8.38 ± 0.014) at a dosage of 300 mg/kg of methanolic extract exhibited a significant increase. The histopathological study of the diabetic heart, liver, and pancreas showed substantial restoration of damaged tissues in the methanolic extract 150 and 300 mg/kg treated group, which supports the effectiveness of Q. baloot seeds. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of methanolic extract identified 10 antidiabetic active compounds in the Q. baloot seeds, validating the antihyperglycemic activity. Thus, methanolic crude extract at the doses 150 and 300 mg/kg of Q. baloot showed significant antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic activities, which validate the folkloric utilization of Q. baloot as a remedy in diabetes. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the 300 mg/kg methanolic extract of Q. baloot has notable hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential, supporting the plant's traditional medicinal usage in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Further studies are needed for the purification, characterization, and structural clarification of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzana Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Muhammad Musa
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Rahman
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Hazara, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafia Azmat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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El-Nemr MA, Hassaan MA, Ashour I. Fabrication of N-doping activated carbons from fish waste and sawdust for Acid Yellow 36 dye removal from an aquatic environment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5892. [PMID: 37041270 PMCID: PMC10090169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid Yellow 36 (AY36) dye is a synthetic azo dye that is excessively used in various industries, causing hazardous environmental effects. The main target of this study is the preparation of self-N-doped porous activated carbon (NDAC) and the investigation in eliminating the AY36 dye from the water solution. The NDAC was prepared by mixing fish waste (60% protein content) which was considered a self-nitrogen dopant. A combination of Fish waste, sawdust, zinc chloride and urea with a mass ratio (5:5:5:1) was submitted to hydrothermal process at 180 °C for 5 h followed by pyrolysis for 1 h under N2 stream at 600, 700, and 800 °C. Fabricated NDAC was qualified as an adsorbent for recovering AY36 dye from water using batch trials. The fabricated NDAC samples were characterized by FTIR, TGA, DTA, BET, BJH, MP, t-plot, SEM, EDX, and XRD methods. The results showed the successful formation of NDAC with nitrogen mass percentage content (4.21, 8.13 and 9.85%). The NDAC prepared at 800 °C had the largest nitrogen content (9.85%) and was labeled as NDAC800. This later had 727.34 m2/g, 167.11 cm3/g, and 1.97 nm for specific surface area, the monolayer volume and the mean pores diameter respectively. By being the more efficient adsorbent, NDAC800 was chosen to test AY36 dye removal. Therefore, it is selected to investigate the removal of AY36 dye from aqueous solution by varying important parameters such as solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The removal of AY36 dye by NDAC800 was pH-dependent, with the optimum pH value 1.5 giving 85.86% removal efficiency and 232.56 mg/g maximum adsorption capacity (Qm). The kinetic data exhibited the best fit model with the pseudo-second-order (PSOM), while the equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir (LIM) and Temkin (TIM). The mechanism of AY36 dye adsorption may be ascribed to the electrostatic contact between the dye and the available charged sites on NDAC800 surface. The prepared NDAC800 may be considered as an efficient, available, and eco-friendly adsorbent for AY36 dye adsorption from simulated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Nemr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Ashour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
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Shalaby AM, Shalaby RH, Alabiad MA, Abdelrahman DI, Alorini M, Jaber FA, Hassan SMA. Evening primrose oil attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and ultrastructural alterations induced by metanil yellow in the liver of rat: a histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:188-204. [PMID: 36927382 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2189987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The food color metanil yellow (Myl) is hazardous to several body systems. Evening primrose oil (EPO) was reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The present work investigated the impact of Myl on the hepatic structure and function of rats and evaluated the protective effect of EPO. Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, EPO (5 g/kg/day), Myl (200 mg/kg/day), and EPO- Myl group. Myl significantly increased liver enzymes, advanced glycation end products (AGE), oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Blood vessels in the liver were dilated and congested, with cellular infiltration around them and associated with fibrosis. The hepatocytes were vacuolated and had dark nuclei. The immunohistochemical expression of iNOS, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Bax was significantly elevated. Ultrastructurally, the hepatocytes showed lipid droplets, irregular condensed nuclei with widened perinuclear space, dilated rER, mitochondria with destructed cristae, and multiple vacuoles. Dilated congested blood sinusoids and collagen fiber bundles were seen between hepatocytes. Interestingly, these alterations were less pronounced in rats co-administrated with EPO and Myl. In conclusion, EPO can protect liver against the toxic effects of Myl due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rania H Shalaby
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Biomedical Sciences Department, Dubai Medical College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emarates
| | - Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Doaa I Abdelrahman
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alorini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Neolaka YA, Riwu AA, Aigbe UO, Ukhurebor KE, Onyancha RB, Darmokoesoemo H, Kusuma HS. Potential of activated carbon from various sources as a low-cost adsorbent to remove heavy metals and synthetic dyes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Ganguly R, Gupta A, Pandey AK. Role of baicalin as a potential therapeutic agent in hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3047-3062. [PMID: 36051349 PMCID: PMC9331529 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is a natural bioactive compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, which is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. A literature survey demonstrated the broad spectrum of health benefits of baicalin such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, renal protective, and neuroprotective properties. Baicalin is hydrolyzed to its metabolite baicalein by the action of gut microbiota, which is further reconverted to baicalin via phase 2 metabolism in the liver. Many studies have suggested that baicalin exhibits therapeutic potential against several types of hepatic disorders including hepatic fibrosis, xenobiotic-induced liver injury, fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholestasis, ulcerative colitis, hepatocellular and colorectal cancer. During in vitro and in vivo examinations, it has been observed that baicalin showed a protective role against liver and gut-associated abnormalities by modifying several signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B, transforming growth factor beta 1/SMAD3, sirtuin 1, p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase/Janus kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinaseβ/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase pathways. Furthermore, baicalin also regulates the expression of fibrotic genes such as smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, β-catenin, and inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1β, and attenuates the production of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-9 and B-cell lymphoma 2. However, due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability, widespread therapeutic applications of baicalin still remain a challenge. This review summarized the hepatic and gastrointestinal protective attributes of baicalin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interaction of baicalin with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ganguly R, Kumar R, Pandey AK. Baicalin provides protection against fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity by modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:729-743. [PMID: 35646277 PMCID: PMC9099103 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i4.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoxetine is one of the most widely prescribed anti-depressant drugs belonging to the category of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Long-term fluoxetine treatment results in hepatotoxicity. Baicalin, a natural compound obtained from the Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis is known to have antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the beneficial effects of baicalin against fluoxetine-induced hepatic damage have not previously been reported.
AIM To evaluate the protective action of baicalin in fluoxetine-induced liver toxicity and inflammation.
METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. Group 1 was the normal control. Oral fluoxetine was administered at 10 mg/kg body weight to groups 2, 3, 4 and 5. In addition, groups 3 and 4 were also co-administered oral baicalin (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively) while group 5 received silymarin (100 mg/kg), a standard hepatoprotective compound for comparison. Groups 6 and 7 were used as a positive control for baicalin (100 mg/kg) and silymarin (100 mg/kg), respectively. All treatments were carried out for 28 d. After sacrifice of the rats, biomarkers of oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA)], and liver injury [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin, bilirubin] were studied in serum and tissue using standard protocols and diagnostic kits. Inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ] in serum were evaluated using ELISA-based kits. The effect of baicalin on liver was also analyzed by histopathological examination of tissue sections.
RESULTS Fluoxetine-treated rats showed elevated levels of the serum liver function markers (total bilirubin, ALT, AST, and ALP) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ), with a decline in total protein and albumin levels. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress such as SOD, CAT, GST, GSH, MDA and AOPP in the liver tissue homogenate were also altered indicating a surge in reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative damage. Histological examination of liver tissue also showed degeneration of hepatocytes. Concurrent administration of baicalin (50 and 100 mg/kg) restored the biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and hepatic damage in serum as well as in liver tissues to near normal levels.
CONCLUSION These findings suggested that long-term treatment with fluoxetine leads to oxidative stress via the formation of free radicals that consequently cause inflammation and liver damage. Concurrent treatment with baicalin alleviated fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity and liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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Pal LC, Agrawal S, Gautam A, Chauhan JK, Rao CV. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Potential of Phenolics-Enriched Fraction of Anogeissus acuminata Leaf against Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10010017. [PMID: 35323216 PMCID: PMC8949889 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anogeissus acuminata is used to treat wounds, diarrhoea, dysentery, and skin ailments. However, its hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced liver damage is yet to be reported. The phenolic-enriched ethyl acetate fraction of Anogeissus acuminata (AAE) was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against ethanol-induced liver toxicity in rats. The intoxicated animals were treated with a phenolic-rich fraction of Anogeissus acuminata (AAE) (100 and 200 mg/kg) and silymarin (100 mg/kg). The antioxidant activity of AAE was analysed. Biochemical markers (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and TBL) for liver injury in ethanol-administered animals resulted in higher levels of key serum biochemical injury markers, as evidenced by increased levels of ALT (127.24 ± 3.95), AST (189.54 ± 7.56), ALP (263.88 ± 12.96), GGT (91.65 ± 3.96), and TBL (2.85 ± 0.12) compared to Group I ALT (38.67 ± 3.84), AST (64.45 ± 5.97), GGT (38.67 ± 3.84), and TBL (0.53 ± 064) (p < 0.05). AAE administration decreased serum biochemical liver injury markers as manifested in Group III animals’ ALT (79.56 ± 5.16), AST (151.76 ± 6.16), ALP (184.67 ± 10.12), GGT (68.24 ± 4.05), TBL (1.66 ± 0.082) (p < 0.05), and Group IV ALT (55.54 ± 4.35), AST (78.79 ± 4.88), ALP (81.96 ± 9.43), GGT (47.32 ± 2.95), TBL (0.74 ± 0.075) (p < 0.05). Group IV exhibited the most significant reduction in serum biochemical markers as compared to Group III (p < 0.05) and close to silymarin-treated Group V ALT (44.42 ± 3.15), AST (74.45 ± 5.75), ALP (67.32 ± 9.14), GGT (42.43 ± 2.54), TBL (0.634 ± 0.077). Gene expression indices and histoarchitecture were evaluated to demonstrate the potential of AAE. The bioactive fraction of Anogeissus acuminata was rich in phenolics and flavonoid content. GC−MS analysis identified gallic acid, palmitic acid, cis-10-heptadecenoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, epigallocatechin, 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone, and catechin. Oral administration of AAE (100 and 200 mg/kg) lowered the elevated levels of the biochemical markers and interleukin, and enhanced the level of enzymatic antioxidant. It also downregulated the expression level of proapoptotic genes and upregulated the expression level of the antiapoptotic gene along with improved liver histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lal Chand Pal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (L.C.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Shivankar Agrawal
- Department of Phytochemistry, National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (C.V.R.)
| | - Arti Gautam
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (L.C.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Jayhind Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Zoology, MahilaMahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Chandana Venkateswara Rao
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (L.C.P.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (C.V.R.)
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Venmathi Maran BA, Iqbal M, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC, Rao PV, Shah MD. Hepatoprotective Potential of Malaysian Medicinal Plants: A Review on Phytochemicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:1533. [PMID: 35268634 PMCID: PMC8911738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is a major global public health concern. Despite advances in modern medicine, the demerits of chemically prepared drugs outweigh their merits. In addition, the treatment of liver diseases based on modern medical principles has been found to produce several undesired side effects. Therefore, the exploration of medicinal plants has gained worldwide attention for treating various diseases, including liver diseases, owing to their potential efficacy and cost effectiveness. Several plants, including Andrographis paniculata, Bauhinia purpurea, Commelina nudiflora, Dillenia suffruticosa, Elaeis guineensis, Lygodium microphyllum, and Nephrolepis biserrata, have been reported with hepatoprotection. Moreover, these plants have been shown to play a vital role in ameliorating cellular damage because they contain several phytochemicals, including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, polyphenols, and diterpenoid lactones. The following antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective compounds have been found in these plants: andrographolide, rosmarinic acid, phenol, eugenol, 9,12-octadecadienoic, n-hexadecanoic acid, dihydroxy dimethoxy flavone, sitosterol, demethoxycurcumin, quercetin, linoleic acid, stigmasterol, kojic acid, indole-2-one, α-terpinol, linalool, kaempferol, catechin, ellagic acid, and oleanolic acid. This paper aimed to provide an in-depth review of in vivo studies on Malaysian medicinal plants possessing hepatoprotective properties, phytochemical ingredients, and antioxidant mechanisms, with an emphasis on the species proven particularly useful for treating hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Iqbal
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (P.G.); (B.-C.A.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (P.G.); (B.-C.A.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru 28292, Riau, Indonesia
- Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
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Gupta A, Atkinson AN, Pandey AK, Bishayee A. Health-promoting and disease-mitigating potential of Verbascum thapsus L. (common mullein): A review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1507-1522. [PMID: 35088467 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants represent rich sources of traditional medicines and numerous currently used medicines are either directly or indirectly derived from plants. Verbascum thapsus L. (great mullein or common mullein), a medicinal herb indigenous to northern Africa, western and central Asia, and Europe, has been brought to the Americas and Australia. It has been used as a medicine for lung, skin and throat disorders and has a long history of therapeutic importance, particularly as an astringent and calming agent. Presently, the dried leaves, flowers, various plant extracts and flower oil are used in several formulations within Indian traditional medicine. An extract taken from the roots is useful in minimizing toothache, and it also relieves stiffness and seizures. V. thapsus contains a wide variety of phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, iridoid, phenylethanoid and phenylpropanoid glycosides, saponins, as well as vitamin C and minerals. The most valuable constituents are coumarin and hesperidin, which possess healing properties. Emerging literature based on experimental studies on V. thapsus demonstrates various biological and pharmacological properties, including antiviral, antioxidant, analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, hypnotic, antibacterial, antifungal, as well as anticancer activities. The present review provides an updated, comprehensive, and critical evaluation of various health-promoting and disease-mitigating properties of V. thapsus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alexa N Atkinson
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Pal L, Agrawal S, Gautam A. Voacanga grandifolia (Miq.) Rolfe protects against alcohol-induced liver toxicity in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.363876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Pandit K, Kumar A, Kaur S, Kumar V, Jain SK, Bhardwaj R, Kaur S. Amelioration of oxidative stress by trans-Anethole via modulating phase I and phase II enzymes against hepatic damage induced by CCl 4 in male Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:6317-6333. [PMID: 34453252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to assess the in vivo hepatoprotective properties of trans-Anethole, which is a principal aromatic component of star anise. The hepatoprotective effects of trans-Anethole were evaluated at three doses [40, 80, and 160 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.)] against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in male Wistar rats for 4 weeks. Forty-two male Wistar rats were equally divided into seven groups; the control (group I) received only distilled water. Rats of group II received CCl4 (1 ml/kg b.wt.) in a 1:1 ratio of CCl4 and olive oil via intraperitoneal doses, while rats of group III received silymarin (50 mg/kg b.wt.), followed by CCl4 intraperitoneal doses, 3 days in a week. Rats of group IV received trans-anethole (160 mg/kg b.wt.) for 28 days as a negative control. Trans-anethole at the doses of 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg b.wt. was administered to groups V, VI, and VII, respectively, for 28 days, followed by CCl4 (i.p). Results showed that CCl4 treatment (group II) elevated the levels of different serum markers like aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 4.74 fold, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 3.47 fold, aspartate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 3.55 fold, direct bilirubin by 3.48 fold, and total bilirubin by 2.38 fold in contrast to control. Furthermore, it was found that the decreased levels of liver antioxidant enzymes viz. catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly modulated by the pre-administration of rats with different doses (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg b.wt.) of trans-anethole. Furthermore, pre-treatment of trans-anethole reduced the level of phase I enzymes and elevated the level of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Histopathological investigations showed that the treatment with trans-anethole was effective in ameliorating CCl4-induced liver injury and restored the normal hepatic architecture. Moreover, trans-anethole restored p53 and cyclin D levels in liver tissue relative to group II. Western blot analysis revealed that the trans-anethole treatment downregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3 while upregulated the expression of Bcl-xL. Collectively, the findings of the study showed the strong efficacy of trans-anethole in ameliorating the hepatic damage caused by CCl4 through the modulation of antioxidants and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Pandit
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, 143005, Amritsar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, 143005, Amritsar, India
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, 143005, Amritsar, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, Jammu and Kashmir, 182144, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Basic & Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, 143005, Amritsar, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, 143005, Amritsar, India.
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Tawfeek SE, Shalaby AM, Alabiad MA, Albackoosh AAAA, Albakoush KMM, Omira MMA. Metanil yellow promotes oxidative stress, astrogliosis, and apoptosis in the cerebellar cortex of adult male rat with possible protective effect of scutellarin: A histological and immunohistochemical study. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101624. [PMID: 34419739 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metanil yellow is a food dye that has harmful impacts on different body systems. Scutellarin has antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the current research was to study the effect of chronic administration of metanil yellow on the cerebellar cortex of rats and to evaluate the protective effect of scutellarin. Forty adult male rats were allocated into four groups: group I acted as control, group II was administrated scutellarin (100 mg/kg/day), group III was administrated metanil yellow (200 mg/kg/day), and group IV was administrated scutellarin and metanil yellow as in group II and group III. The agents were administered via oral gavage for 8 weeks. Metanil yellow induced a significant rise in the malondialdehyde coupled with a significant reduction in the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The Purkinje cells were irregular and shrunken with condensed nuclei. A significant elevation in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cleaved caspase-3 as well as a significant reduction of synaptophysin expression were revealed in comparison with the control group. Interestingly, few changes were noticed in rats given metanil yellow concomitant with scutellarin. In conclusion, scutellarin could protect against metanil yellow-induced alterations in the cerebellar cortex by reducing oxidative stress and minimizing gliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Elsayed Tawfeek
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt; Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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22
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Gupta A, Singh AK, Kumar R, Jamieson S, Pandey AK, Bishayee A. Neuroprotective Potential of Ellagic Acid: A Critical Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1211-1238. [PMID: 33693510 PMCID: PMC8321875 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a dietary polyphenol present in various fruits, vegetables, herbs, and nuts. It exists either independently or as part of complex structures, such as ellagitannins, which release EA and several other metabolites including urolithins following absorption. During the past few decades, EA has drawn considerable attention because of its vast range of biological activities as well as its numerous molecular targets. Several studies have reported that the oxidative stress-lowering potential of EA accounts for its broad-spectrum pharmacological attributes. At the biochemical level, several mechanisms have also been associated with its therapeutic action, including its efficacy in normalizing lipid metabolism and lipidemic profile, regulating proinflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and inhibiting NF-κB action. EA exerts appreciable neuroprotective activity by its free radical-scavenging action, iron chelation, initiation of several cell signaling pathways, and alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Numerous in vivo studies have also explored the neuroprotective attribute of EA against various neurotoxins in animal models. Despite the increasing number of publications with experimental evidence, a critical analysis of available literature to understand the full neuroprotective potential of EA has not been performed. The present review provides up-to-date, comprehensive, and critical information regarding the natural sources of EA, its bioavailability, metabolism, neuroprotective activities, and underlying mechanisms of action in order to encourage further studies to define the clinical usefulness of EA for the management of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarah Jamieson
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
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23
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Singh AK, Rana HK, Singh V, Chand Yadav T, Varadwaj P, Pandey AK. Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of dietary phenolic compound chlorogenic acid in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats: Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, in silico toxicity, in vitro and in vivo studies. Comput Biol Med 2021; 134:104462. [PMID: 34148008 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorogenic acid is amongst the well-known polyphenolic compounds being used in human food and beverages. Its presence has been reported in tea leaves, roasted green beans, coffee, cocoa, berry fruits, apples, citrus fruits, and pears. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to elucidate the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid on in silico and in vitro inhibition of glucose metabolising enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and on blood-based markers associated with diabetic complications in vivo. METHODS Docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed using GLIDE (Schrodinger, LLC, NY, 2019-2) and Maestro-Desmond Interoperability Tools, version 4.1 (Schrödinger, NY, 2015), respectively. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of chlorogenic acid were measured in vitro. Diabetes was induced in adult Wistar rats by injecting streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Biochemical assays were performed using standard kits. RESULT The in silico studies for α-amylase and α-glucosidase with chlorogenic acid suggested that the ligand was stable and strongly bound with the above-mentioned proteins. During in vitro studies, chlorogenic acid inhibited both the enzymes in a dose-dependent manner (5-30 μg/mL). In addition, chlorogenic acid treatment for 28 days significantly suppressed the increase in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, γ-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and feed intake levels in diabetic rats. Chlorogenic acid also caused significant improvement in body weight, serum HDL-cholesterol, total protein, and albumin levels leading to betterment in atherogenic indices related to diabetes-associated cardiovascular risks. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that chlorogenic acid inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase and significantly decreased diabetes associated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatorenal damage, making it a possible functional food ingredient and drug candidate for the management of diabetes and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Harvesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211015, India
| | - Tara Chand Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Pritish Varadwaj
- Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211015, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
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Rahman S, Jan G, Jan FG, Rahim HU. Phytochemical Screening and Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, and Antioxidant Effects of Leptopus Cordifolius Decne. In Diabetic Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643242. [PMID: 33897432 PMCID: PMC8060645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are well known in traditional herbal medicines for their hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities and are often used due to their accessibility, affordability, and corollary effects. Leptopus cordifolius has been reported to control diabetes in folkloric medicine, but no known scientific research has been conducted to assess the plausibility of this assertion. Therefore, the current study is aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of Leptopus cordifolius leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic evaluation was conducted in Swiss albino mice at doses of 150-250°mg/kg for 15°days. The blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, creatinine, ALP, SGPT, and SGOT levels were estimated according to standard procedures. Phytochemicals of leaves were analyzed using GC-MS analysis. Enzymatic antioxidant activity of the plant was investigated spectrophotometrically by carrying out superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase assays. The membrane stabilization potential of L. cordifolius leaf extracts was carried out using an in vitro haemolytic assay. The results revealed a dose response effect with the methanolic extract of L. cordifolius which had significant antihyperglycemic effects at 150-250°mg/kg in alloxan treated mice, although less than the positive control (glibenclamide). Hyperlipidemic activity was significant at 250 mg/kg. The biochemical parameters, such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, creatinine, ALP, SGPT, and SGOT, were significantly improved (p < 0.01) by the methanolic extract of 250 mg/kg compared to the diabetic group. Treatment for 15 days showed significant elevation (p < 0.01) of antioxidant enzymes. GC-MS analysis provided tentative identifications of 52 compounds in the methanolic extract of L. cordifolius, of which 12 compounds have reported antidiabetic activity. In conclusion, methanolic extract of L. cordifolius of 150 and 250°mg/kg body weight showed significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice and, with further work, has the potential to be used to manage blood glucose and cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Rahman
- Pharmacology Lab, Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gul Jan
- Pharmacology Lab, Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Gul Jan
- Pharmacology Lab, Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hafeez Ur Rahim
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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25
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Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of Terminalia bellirica and its bioactive component ellagic acid against diclofenac induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Rep 2020; 8:44-52. [PMID: 33391996 PMCID: PMC7772792 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long term usage and overdose of diclofenac (DCF), an anti-inflammatory drug is known to cause oxidative stress and liver injury. The present study reports the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of Terminalia bellirica (Tb) fruit aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts and its bioactive compound ellagic acid (EA) against DCF-induced toxicity. in vitro antioxidant activities were measured by ABTS and FRAP assays while anti‐inflammatory activity was assessed by the albumin denaturation method. The adverse effects of DCF and hepatoprotective potential of Tb extracts and EA were assessed in serum and liver tissue of rats after oral administration for 21 days. Silymarin was used as standard hepatoprptective agent for comparison. Hepatic markers analyzed in serum included ALP, GPT, GOT, LDH, γ-glutamyl transferase, total protein, creatinine, and uric acid while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed in liver tissue. The EA exhibited superior ABTS radical scavenging, FRAP, and anti-inflammatory activities as compared to fruit extracts. DCF treatment led to rise in the levels of most of the serum hepatic markers with decline in total serum protein as well as SOD and CAT in liver tissue. The supplementation of extracts, EA and silymarin in DCF treated rats significantly reduced the adverse effects of DCF on serum and tissue markers. Histopathology of the liver indicated that extracts and EA significantly decreased the degree of liver fibrosis. The hepatoprotective ability of EA was comparable to the silymarin but activity of Tb fruit extracts was little lower. Among fruit extracts ethyl acetate extract exhibited better activity than aqueous extract. The results revealed that ellagic acid and T. bellirica fruit extracts have potential to mitigate oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity produced by long term use of diclofenac.
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26
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Gupta A, Pandey AK. Aceclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity: An ameliorative effect of Terminalia bellirica fruit and ellagic acid. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:949-964. [PMID: 33312421 PMCID: PMC7701975 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i11.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aceclofenac (ACF), a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been associated with a number of severe cases of clinical hepatotoxicity. Terminalia bellirica, an evergreen tree, is known to have several ethnomedicinal uses including antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. Hence T. bellirica fruit extracts and its phytoconstituent ellagic acid (EA) are expected to provide protection against oxidative stress and liver damage produced by long-term use of ACF.
AIM To evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of T. bellirica fruit extracts and EA against ACF-induced toxicity in albino Wistar rats.
METHODS The in vitro antioxidant activities of T. bellirica fruit ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were measured by metal ion chelation and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays. The in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of T. bellirica extracts (200 mg/kg) and EA (40 mg/kg) in ACF-induced hepatotoxic rats were assessed in serum and liver tissue after oral administration for 21 d. Silymarin (40 mg/kg) was used as a standard control. Oxidative stress markers in the blood (ferric reducing ability of plasma and lipid peroxidation inhibition) and liver tissues (superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde) were analyzed using standard protocols. Liver function markers such as alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, creatinine, total protein, and uric acid were evaluated in rat serum.
RESULTS The T. bellirica fruit ethyl acetate extract exhibited superior metal ion chelating and nitric oxide radical scavenging abilities during in vitro antioxidant assays as compared to aqueous extracts. Oral administration of ACF in rats (15 mg/kg) for 21 d produced oxidative stress and adversely affected liver function suggesting liver injury. Treatment with extracts (ethyl acetate and aqueous), EA and silymarin accounted for a significant reduction in the adverse effects of ACF on oxidative stress and liver function markers in serum and hepatic tissue in rats. Histopathological evaluation of the liver indicated that the extracts and EA significantly decreased the degree of liver damage. The in vivo efficacy of EA was higher than T. bellirica fruit extracts. Of these extracts, ethyl acetate extract revealed comparatively better antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.
CONCLUSION Ellagic acid and T. bellirica fruit extracts exhibited considerable hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities in long-term ACF-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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27
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Matyszczak G, Fidler A, Polesiak E, Sobieska M, Morawiec K, Zajkowska W, Lawniczak-Jablonska K, Kuzmiuk P. Application of sonochemically synthesized SnS and SnS 2 in the electro-Fenton process: Kinetics and enhanced decolorization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 68:105186. [PMID: 32485630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SnS and SnS2 powders were synthesized with the use of ultrasound. The indirect sonication was applied with ultrasound frequency 40 kHz and acoustic power 38 W/L. Products of syntheses were examined with PXRD, TEM, EDX, XPS, and UV-Vis (the Tauc method) investigations. The resulting microparticles were used for tip coating of copper cathodes. These electrodes were used in the degradation of model azo-dye Metanil Yellow by the electro-Fenton process. The efficiencies of degradation using copper, SnS-coated copper, and SnS2-coated copper cathodes are compared. Kinetics of degradation of Metanil Yellow in the electro-Fenton process with the application of three different cathodes is also investigated. It was found that the degradation follows pseudo-first-order and that SnS-coated copper cathode improves the efficiency of degradation, while SnS2-coated copper cathode decreases the efficiency of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Matyszczak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Fidler
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Polesiak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sobieska
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Morawiec
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Lotników Avenue 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Zajkowska
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Lotników Avenue 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Kuzmiuk
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Lotników Avenue 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Cespedes-Acuña CL. Recent advances in natural products research and their toxicological extrapolations (Ranprte). Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111308. [PMID: 32222550 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Cespedes-Acuña
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Group in Chemistry and Biotechnology of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bio-Bío, Andrés Bello Avenue # 720, Chillan, Chile.
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Kumar R, Gupta A, Singh AK, Bishayee A, Pandey AK. The Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Activities of Bottlebrush Plant ( Callistemon lanceolatus) Stem Extracts. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7030011. [PMID: 32143382 PMCID: PMC7151608 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease, is a major health concern today throughout the world. Callistemon lanceolatus (Myrtaceae), commonly known as bottlebrush, has been used by Indian tribal communities for the treatment of many diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the stem of C. lanceolatus in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Phytoconstituents of C. lanceolatus stem were extracted in methanol and water sequentially followed by phytochemical analysis. The in vitro antioxidant potential of aqueous and methanolic extracts was assessed by metal ion chelating, free radical scavenging, and reducing power assays. The in vivo antihyperglycemic activity of the oral methanolic extract was studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Bodyweight and blood glucose were monitored regularly. After the treatment period, serum was examined for total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), bilirubin, creatinine, urea, glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Results: Methanolic extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity to aqueous extract. A marked increase in levels of serum markers, viz., glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, and ALP along with a reduction in HDL was observed in diabetic rats. Methanol extract treatment for 28 days accounted for a decrease in blood glucose and other metabolic markers accompanied by an improvement in body weight and HDL level in hyperglycemic rats. Conclusions: The present study suggests that C. lanceolatus methanolic stem extract possesses antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities and has potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.K.); (A.G.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.K.); (A.G.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.K.); (A.G.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: or (A.K.P.); or (A.B.); Tel.: +91-983-952-1138 (A.K.P.); +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.)
| | - Abhay K. Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.K.); (A.G.); (A.K.S.)
- Correspondence: or (A.K.P.); or (A.B.); Tel.: +91-983-952-1138 (A.K.P.); +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.)
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Erdemli ME, Zayman E, Erdemli Z, Gul M, Gul S, Gozukara Bag H. Protective effects of melatonin and vitamin E in acetamiprid-induced nephrotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9202-9213. [PMID: 31916150 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of probable toxic effects of acetamiprid (ACMP) on kidney and comparative analysis of the probable protective effects of vitamin E and melatonin were conducted in the present study. The ethics committee approval was obtained from Inonu University Medical Faculty Ethics Committee. Fifty Balb-c mice were randomly assigned to control, corn oil, ethyl alcohol, ACMP, ACMP + melatonin, ACMP + vitamin E, and ACMP + melatonin + vitamin E groups. At the end of the experiments, rat kidney tissues were incised under anesthesia. Blood samples and kidney tissues were examined. After 21 days of ACMP administration, it was observed that malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), BUN, creatinine, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels, histopathological damage, and Caspase-3 immunoreactivity scores increased, and glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels decreased, and histopathological damages were observed. Melatonin and vitamin E administration led to improvements in oxidative stress parameters, renal functions, inflammatory markers, and histopathological findings. ACMP administration led to nephrotoxicity in rat kidney tissues. Although melatonin and vitamin E administrations were effective on ACMP nephrotoxicity separately, co-administration of both was quite effective. Concomitant use of melatonin and vitamin E could be effective on prevention of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Emrah Zayman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Semir Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harika Gozukara Bag
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Kundu A, Dey P, Sarkar P, Karmakar S, Tae IH, Kim KS, Park JH, Lee SH, Lee BM, Renthlei L, Puia Z, Kim HS. Protective effects of Croton hookeri on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110873. [PMID: 31600566 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the protective effects of Croton hookeri (CH) extract on renal injury were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats. After 5 days, CH extract (200 mg/kg) was administered daily by oral gavage for 2 weeks. Administration of CH extracts significantly reduced blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. STZ-induced changes in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, BUN, and serum creatinine levels were significantly restored by treatment with CH extract. Abnormal levels of SOD, catalase, glutathione, and oxidized GSH (GSSG) in STZ-treated rats were also significantly recovered by CH extract treatment. CH extract markedly reduced the expression of collagen-1, fibronectin, and α-SMA in the kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats. In particular, oxidative DNA damages, MDA, TGF-β, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in STZ-treated rats following treatment with CH extract, whereas IL-10 showed opposite trend. STZ-induced SIRT1, SIRT3 downregulation and cloudin-1 upregulation in the kidney were dramatically recovered by CH extract treatment. Our data suggest that CH extract protects against diabetic-induced nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, it has potential as a food supplement to alleviate renal dysfunction caused by diabetes-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kundu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Prasanta Dey
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradipta Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - In Hwan Tae
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Seok Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Mu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Zothan Puia
- Regional Institute of Paramedical & Nursing Sciences, Mizoram, India.
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar R, Singh AK, Gupta A, Bishayee A, Pandey AK. Therapeutic potential of Aloe vera-A miracle gift of nature. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152996. [PMID: 31272819 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe vera is commonly used in the primary health care of human beings since time immemorial. It is an herb widely used in various traditional systems of medicine worldwide. Systematic and scientific investigation on A. vera as a medicinal plant has drawn considerable attention, and many laboratories are involved in isolation, characterization and evaluation of phytoconstituents for their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the phytochemical, biological and medicinal attributes of A. vera against various diseases with special emphasis on underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS PubMed, EBOSCO host, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane library databases were utilized to search literature published between1977 and 2019 (till March). Major keywords used in various combinations included: Aloe vera, phytochemistry, metabolism, pharmacological activity, prevention, treatment, health, disease, in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies. RESULTS Various biological and pharmacological activities of A. vera, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and skin-protective and wound-healing responses, have been attributed to the presence of many active compounds, including anthraquinones, anthrones, chromones, flavonoids, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. CONCLUSION Based on various preclinical studies, A. vera constituents have enormous potential to prevent and treat various diseases. Randomized clinical trials are needed to understand the full therapeutic potential of this unique medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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