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Lu Y, Li X, Liu Y, Caraballo C, Massey D, Mahajan S, Spatz E, Herrin J, Krumholz HM. Trends in Prevalence, Treatment, and Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components by Race/Ethnicity, 1999-2018. JACC. ADVANCES 2025; 4:101785. [PMID: 40373521 PMCID: PMC12144450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/17/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nationally representative data on recent trends in racial/ethnic differences in metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence and treatment are sparse. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine 20-year trends in the prevalence, treatment, and interrelationships of MetS and its individual components among U.S. adults, overall and by race/ethnicity. METHODS We evaluated trends from 1999 to 2018 in 20,397 adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Age-standardized prevalence estimates were calculated for MetS, its components, and related prescription drug use. Trends were assessed using weighted linear regression, and racial/ethnic disparities were examined using t-tests. RESULTS The mean age was 47.5 (47.4-47.6) years; 51.3% were female; 77.9%, 12.8%, and 9.4% were White, Black, and Hispanic, respectively. MetS prevalence increased significantly from 1999 to 2018 across all groups (P < 0.001). Among MetS components, waist circumference and fasting glucose increased across all groups, while triglycerides increased only among Black individuals. Lipid-lowering medication use increased (P < 0.001), but racial/ethnic disparities persisted. Compared to White individuals, Hispanic individuals had lower antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication use (P < 0.01). Despite increased prescriptions, <65% of eligible individuals received lipid-lowering therapy, and <35% received antihyperglycemic therapy, highlighting substantial treatment gaps. Racial/ethnic differences in MetS component relationships were observed: blood pressure played a larger role in Black individuals, while fasting glucose was more prominent in Hispanic individuals. CONCLUSIONS MetS prevalence has increased over 2 decades. Persistent racial/ethnic disparities exist in antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, and lipid-lowering medication use. Across all racial/ethnic subgroups, large opportunities remain for improving treatment strategies among individuals with medication indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Xumin Li
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuntian Liu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - César Caraballo
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daisy Massey
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shiwani Mahajan
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erica Spatz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeph Herrin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Prochnow T, Umstattd Meyer MR, Wende ME, Park JH, Ylitalo KR, Delgado H, Johnson CM, Gómez L, Sharkey JR. Psychosocial physical activity outcomes of a father-focused health programme for Mexican-heritage families. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2025; 40:cyaf016. [PMID: 40354154 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyaf016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2025] [Revised: 03/25/2025] [Accepted: 04/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Mexican-heritage families on the Texas-Mexico border report less physical activity (PA) and are at greater risk for chronic disease than the US population. According to social cognitive and family systems theories, family-centred PA programmes engaging Mexican-heritage fathers can improve psychosocial outcomes related to PA. The study assesses changes in child's PA self-efficacy, skill competency, father's social support for child PA, and parenting strategies after a culturally tailored, father-focused, and family-centred lifestyle programme (¡Haz Espacio para Papi!; Make Room for Daddy). Using a stepped-wedge cluster randomized design, participating families (n = 42), consisting of children (mean age: 9.8 ± 1.0) and fathers (mean age: 38.9 ± 7.9]), were from four randomized geographic clusters. Child's PA self-efficacy, skill competency, father's social support for child PA, and parenting strategies were evaluated pre- and post-programme. Linear mixed models assessed programme effects on child and father psychosocial outcomes. The programme was associated with a significant increase in father's social support for child PA (β = 0.08; SE = 0.03; P = .01). However, the programme had no statistically significant associations with child self-efficacy (P = .66), skill competency (P = .96), or parenting strategies (P = .08). This culturally tailored programme resulted in significantly increased fathers' social support for child PA. Programmatic components related to child psychosocial outcomes may need to be strengthened to adequately demonstrate effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Prochnow
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - M Renée Umstattd Meyer
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97303, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Marilyn E Wende
- College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Kelly R Ylitalo
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97303, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Haley Delgado
- Department of Nursing, Heritage University, 3240 Fort Rd, Toppenish, WA 98948, United States
| | - Cassandra M Johnson
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Nutrition and Foods Program, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, United States
| | - Luis Gómez
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Joseph R Sharkey
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., College Station, TX 77843, United States
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Zheng J, Ani C, Abudayyeh I, Zheng Y, Rakovski C, Yaghmaei E, Ogunyemi O. A Review of Racial Differences and Disparities in ECG. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2025; 22:337. [PMID: 40238300 PMCID: PMC11942291 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph22030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used, non-invasive tool for diagnosing a range of cardiovascular conditions, including arrhythmia and heart disease-related structural changes. Despite its critical role in clinical care, racial and ethnic differences in ECG readings are often underexplored or inadequately addressed in research. Variations in key ECG parameters, such as PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and T-wave morphology, have been noted across different racial groups. However, the limited research in this area has hindered the development of diagnostic criteria that account for these differences, potentially contributing to healthcare disparities, as ECG interpretation algorithms largely developed from major population data may lead to misdiagnoses or inappropriate treatments for minority groups. This review aims to help cardiac researchers and cardiovascular specialists better understand, explore, and address the impact of racial and ethnic differences in ECG readings. By identifying potential causes-ranging from genetic factors to environmental influences-and exploring the resulting disparities in healthcare outcomes, we propose strategies such as the development of race-specific ECG norms, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve diagnostic accuracy, and the diversification of ECG databases. Through these efforts, the medical community can advance toward more personalized and equitable cardiovascular care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zheng
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Chizobam Ani
- Internal Medicine Department, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Internal Medicine Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Islam Abudayyeh
- Internal Medicine Department, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Veterans Administration Loma Linda Hospital, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA
| | - Yunfan Zheng
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Cyril Rakovski
- Department of Mathematics, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92886, USA
| | - Ehsan Yaghmaei
- Department of Mathematics, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92886, USA
| | - Omolola Ogunyemi
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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Ross MG, Kavasery MP, Cervantes MK, Han G, Horta B, Coca KP, Costa SO, Desai M. High-Fat, High-Calorie Breast Milk in Women with Overweight or Obesity and Its Association with Maternal Serum Insulin Concentration and Triglycerides Levels. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:141. [PMID: 38397253 PMCID: PMC10887191 DOI: 10.3390/children11020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The childhood obesity epidemic continues to be a challenge. Maternal obesity and excessive infant weight gain are strong predictors of childhood obesity, which itself is a major risk factor for adult obesity. The primary source of nutrition during early life is breast milk, and its composition is impacted by maternal habitus and diet. We thus studied the relationship between maternal BMI, serum lipids and insulin, and breast milk fat and calorie content from foremilk to hindmilk. Women who were exclusively breastfeeding at 7-8 weeks postpartum were BMI classified as Normal (18.5-24.9, n = 9) and women with Overweight/Obese (OW/OB ≥ 25, n = 13). Maternal blood and continuous breast milk samples obtained from foremilk to hindmilk were analyzed, and infant milk intake was assessed. Women with OW/OB had significantly higher milk fat and calorie content in the first foremilk and last hindmilk sample as compared to Normal BMI women. Amongst all women, maternal serum triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA were significantly correlated with foremilk triglyceride concentration, suggesting that maternal serum triglyceride and insulin action contribute to human milk fat content. As the milk fat content of OW/OB women has caloric implications for infant growth and childhood obesity, these results suggest the potential for modulating milk fat content by a reduction in maternal serum lipids or insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA;
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, RB3 Building, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.K.C.); (G.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Manasa P. Kavasery
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, RB3 Building, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.K.C.); (G.H.)
| | - MacKenzie K. Cervantes
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, RB3 Building, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.K.C.); (G.H.)
| | - Guang Han
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, RB3 Building, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.K.C.); (G.H.)
| | - Bernardo Horta
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil;
| | - Kelly P. Coca
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil;
| | - Suleyma O. Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Mina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA;
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, RB3 Building, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.K.C.); (G.H.)
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Alzahrani MS, Vennu V. Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of falls in the elderly. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2023; 36:370-373. [PMID: 38909297 DOI: 10.25259/nmji_944_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the causes of falls in the elderly. However, there is little information about metabolic syndrome (MS) as a risk factor for falls in older adults. No evaluations have given a qualitative overview of studies examining the relationship between MS and falls in the elderly. We did a literature search in electronic databases to look for studies that assessed a link between MS and falls among people over the age of 55 years. We found three studies of high quality. These included 2774 people with an average age of 72 years. Even after controlling for other risk factors, two studies found that MS was significantly associated with an older adult's 1.3-2.5-fold increased risk of falling. We found that MS and its independent components were strongly linked with falls among the elderly, even after correcting for numerous variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Saeed Alzahrani
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Preventive and Public Health Joint Program, Taif 11454, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vishal Vennu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, 10219 Riyadh 11433, ArRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shahanoor Z, Sultana R, Savenkova M, Karatsoreos IN, Romeo RD. Metabolic dysfunctions following chronic oral corticosterone are modified by adolescence and sex in mice. Physiol Behav 2023; 269:114289. [PMID: 37422081 PMCID: PMC10530018 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of development in which shifts in responses to glucocorticoids is well-documented. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are substantial health issues whose rates continue to rise in both adult and adolescent populations. Though many interacting factors contribute to these dysfunctions, how these shifts in glucocorticoid responses may be related remain unknown. Using a model of oral corticosterone (CORT) exposure in male and female mice, we demonstrate differential responses during adolescence (30-58 days of age) or adulthood (70-98 day of age) in endpoints relevant to metabolic function. Our data indicate that CORT resulted in significant weight gain in adult- and adolescent-exposed females and adult-exposed males, but not adolescent-exposed males. Despite this difference, all animals treated with high levels of CORT showed significant increases in white adipose tissue, indicating a dissociation between weight gain and adiposity in adolescent-treated males. Similarly, all experimental groups showed significant increases in plasma insulin, leptin, and triglyceride levels, further suggesting potential disconnects between overt weight gain, and underlying metabolic dysregulation. Finally, we found age- and dose-dependent changes in the expression of hepatic genes important in glucocorticoid receptor and lipid regulation, which showed different patterns in males and females. Thus, altered transcriptional pathways in the liver might be contributing differentially to the similar metabolic phenotype observed among these experimental groups. We also show that despite little CORT-induced changes in the hypothalamic levels of orexin-A and NPY, we found that food and fluid intake were elevated in adolescent-treated males and females. These data indicate chronic exposure to elevated glucocorticoid levels results in metabolic dysfunction in both males and females, which can be further modulated by developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziasmin Shahanoor
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Razia Sultana
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Marina Savenkova
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Ilia N Karatsoreos
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Russell D Romeo
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States.
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Ayyanu R, Arul A, Song N, Anand Babu Christus A, Li X, Tamilselvan G, Bu Y, Kavitha S, Zhang Z, Liu N. Wearable sensor platforms for real-time monitoring and early warning of metabolic disorders in humans. Analyst 2023; 148:4616-4636. [PMID: 37712440 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01085f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the prevalence of metabolic syndromes (MSs) has attracted increasing concerns as it is closely related to overweight and obesity, physical inactivity and overconsumption of energy, making the diagnosis and real-time monitoring of the physiological range essential and necessary for avoiding illness due to defects in the human body such as higher risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke and diseases related to artery walls. However, the current sensing techniques are inconvenient and do not continuously monitor the health status of humans. Alternatively, the use of recent wearable device technology is a preferable method for the prevention of these diseases. This can enable the monitoring of the health status of humans in different health domains, including environment and structure. The use wearable devices with the purpose of facilitating rapid treatment and real-time monitoring can decrease the prevalence of MS and long-time monitor the health status of patients. This review highlights the recent advances in wearable sensors toward continuous monitoring of blood pressure and blood glucose, and further details the monitoring of abnormal obesity, triglycerides and HDL. We also discuss the challenges and future prospective of monitoring MS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Ayyanu
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Amutha Arul
- Department of Chemistry, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli 627003, India
| | - Ninghui Song
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - A Anand Babu Christus
- Department Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram-600089, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - G Tamilselvan
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Chemistry, The M.D.T Hindu college (Affiliated to Manonmanium Sundaranar University), Tirunelveli-627010, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, P. R. China.
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
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Ilaria P, Ersilia T, Nicoletta B, Federica T, Andrea V, Nevena S, Concetta P. The Role of the Western Diet on Atopic Dermatitis: Our Experience and Review of the Current Literature. Nutrients 2023; 15:3896. [PMID: 37764680 PMCID: PMC10534346 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation between health and diet has always been a subject of interest in the field of dermatology and medicine in general. However, studies in the literature are still scarce, and need further investigation in the field of inflammatory skin diseases. In this paper, we report a case of a patient with atopic dermatitis whose complete recovery occurred only after combining dupilumab therapy with a Mediterranean diet regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proietti Ilaria
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, A. Fiorini Hospital, 04019 Terracina, Latina, Italy; (T.E.); (B.N.); (V.A.); (S.N.); (P.C.)
| | | | | | - Trovato Federica
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, A. Fiorini Hospital, 04019 Terracina, Latina, Italy; (T.E.); (B.N.); (V.A.); (S.N.); (P.C.)
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Chiu SH, Douglas FL, Chung JR, Wang KY, Chu CF, Chou HY, Huang WC, Wang TY, Chen WW, Shen MC, Liu FC, Hsiao PJ. Evaluation of the safety and potential lipid-lowering effects of oral hydrogen-rich coral calcium (HRCC) capsules in patients with metabolic syndrome: a prospective case series study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1198524. [PMID: 37521410 PMCID: PMC10382134 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1198524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a cluster-like occurrence of conditions such as hypertension, hyperglycaemia, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or triglycerides (TG) and high visceral fat. Metabolic syndrome is linked to the build-up of plaque within the artery, which leads to disorders of the circulatory, nervous and immune systems. A variety of treatments target the regulation of these conditions; nevertheless, they remain dominant risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which affect 26.9% of the US population. Management and intervention strategies for improving cholesterol and/or TG are worthwhile, and recent studies on hydrogen treatment are promising, particularly as molecular hydrogen is easily ingested. This study aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering effects and quality of life (QOL) improvement of hydrogen-rich coral calcium (HRCC) in patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods The patients, all Taiwanese, were randomly assigned to 3 different doses (low, medium, and high) of HRCC capsules. The primary outcome was the adverse effects/symptoms during this 4-week use of HRCC capsules. The secondary outcome was lipid profile changes. Complete blood count, inflammatory biomarkers, and QOL were also measured before and after the course of HRCC. Results Sixteen patients with metabolic syndrome completed this study (7 males, 9 females; mean age: 62 years; range: 32-80). No obvious adverse effects were recorded. Only changes in blood TG reached significance. The baseline TG value was 193.19 μL (SD = 107.44), which decreased to 151.75 μL (SD = 45.27) after 4 weeks of HRCC (p = 0.04). QOL showed no significant changes. Conclusion This study is the first human clinical trial evaluating HRCC capsules in patients with metabolic syndrome. Based on the safety and potential TG-lowering effects of short-term HRCC, further long-term investigations of HRCC are warranted. Clinical trial registration [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05196295].
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Han Chiu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen-Wen Chen
- Department of Nursing, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chung Shen
- Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defence Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defence Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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10
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Chiu KL, Chen YD, Wang ST, Chang TH, Wu JL, Shih CM, Yu CS. Exploring the Potential Performance of Fibroscan for Predicting and Evaluating Metabolic Syndrome using a Feature Selected Strategy of Machine Learning. Metabolites 2023; 13:822. [PMID: 37512529 PMCID: PMC10383149 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes several conditions that can increase an individual's predisposition to high-risk cardiovascular events, morbidity, and mortality. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a predominant cause of cirrhosis, which is a global indicator of liver transplantation and is considered the hepatic manifestation of MetS. FibroScan® provides an accurate and non-invasive method for assessing liver steatosis and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, via a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM or E) scores and has been widely used in current clinical practice. Several machine learning (ML) models with a recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm were applied to evaluate the importance of the CAP score. Analysis by ANOVA revealed that five symptoms at different CAP and E score levels were significant. All eight ML models had accuracy scores > 0.9, while treebags and random forest had the best kappa values (0.6439 and 0.6533, respectively). The CAP score was the most important variable in the seven ML models. Machine learning models with RFE demonstrated that using the CAP score to identify patients with MetS may be feasible. Thus, a combination of CAP scores and other significant biomarkers could be used for early detection in predicting MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Chiu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Da Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Te Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Health Management Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Jenny L Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Sheng Yu
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan
- Clinical Data Center, Office of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106339, Taiwan
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Tamarelle J, Creze MM, Savathdy V, Phonekeo S, Wallenborn J, Siengsounthone L, Fink G, Odermatt P, Kounnavong S, Sayasone S, Vonaesch P. Dynamics and consequences of nutrition-related microbial dysbiosis in early life: study protocol of the VITERBI GUT project. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1111478. [PMID: 37275646 PMCID: PMC10232750 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1111478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early life under- and overnutrition (jointly termed malnutrition) is increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for adult obesity and metabolic syndrome, a diet-related cluster of conditions including high blood sugar, fat and cholesterol. Nevertheless, the exact factors linking early life malnutrition with metabolic syndrome remain poorly characterized. We hypothesize that the microbiota plays a crucial role in this trajectory and that the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying under- and overnutrition are, to some extent, shared. We further hypothesize that a "dysbiotic seed microbiota" is transmitted to children during the birth process, altering the children's microbiota composition and metabolic health. The overall objective of this project is to understand the precise causes and biological mechanisms linking prenatal or early life under- or overnutrition with the predisposition to develop overnutrition and/or metabolic disease in later life, as well as to investigate the possibility of a dysbiotic seed microbiota inheritance in the context of maternal malnutrition. Methods/design VITERBI GUT is a prospective birth cohort allowing to study the link between early life malnutrition, the microbiota and metabolic health. VITERBI GUT will include 100 undernourished, 100 normally nourished and 100 overnourished pregnant women living in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). Women will be recruited during their third trimester of pregnancy and followed with their child until its second birthday. Anthropometric, clinical, metabolic and nutritional data are collected from both the mother and the child. The microbiota composition of maternal and child's fecal and oral samples as well as maternal vaginal and breast milk samples will be determined using amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Epigenetic modifications and lipid profiles will be assessed in the child's blood at 2 years of age. We will investigate for possible associations between metabolic health, epigenetics, and microbial changes. Discussion We expect the VITERBI GUT project to contribute to the emerging literature linking the early life microbiota, epigenetic changes and growth/metabolic health. We also expect this project to give new (molecular) insights into the mechanisms linking malnutrition-induced early life dysbiosis and metabolic health in later life, opening new avenues for microbiota-engineering using microbiota-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Tamarelle
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margaux M. Creze
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanthanom Savathdy
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR)
| | - Sengrloun Phonekeo
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR)
| | - Jordyn Wallenborn
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Latsamy Siengsounthone
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR)
| | - Günther Fink
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Odermatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sengchanh Kounnavong
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR)
| | - Somphou Sayasone
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR)
| | - Pascale Vonaesch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Ytzhaik N, Zur D, Goldstein C, Almoznino G. Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Periodontitis-Machine Learning and Statistical Analyses of the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Big Data Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050595. [PMID: 37233636 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the associations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with dental parameters while controlling for socio-demographics, health-related habits, and each of the diseases comprising metabolic syndrome (MetS), its consequences, and related conditions. We analyzed data from the dental, oral, and medical epidemiological (DOME) cross-sectional records-based study that combines comprehensive socio-demographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationally representative sample of military personnel for one year. Analysis included statistical and machine learning models. The study included 132,529 subjects; of these, 318 (0.2%) were diagnosed with OSA. The following parameters maintained a statistically significant positive association with OSA in the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis (descending order from highest to lowest OR): obesity (OR = 3.104 (2.178-4.422)), male sex (OR = 2.41 (1.25-4.63)), periodontal disease (OR = 2.01 (1.38-2.91)), smoking (OR = 1.45 (1.05-1.99)), and age (OR = 1.143 (1.119-1.168)). Features importance generated by the XGBoost machine learning algorithm were age, obesity, and male sex (located on places 1-3), which are well-known risk factors of OSA, as well as periodontal disease (fourth place) and delivered dental fillings (fifth place). The Area Under Curve (AUC) of the model was 0.868 and the accuracy was 0.92. Altogether, the findings supported the main hypothesis of the study, which was that OSA is linked to dental morbidity, in particular to periodontitis. The findings highlight the need for dental evaluation as part of the workup of OSA patients and emphasizes the need for dental and general medical authorities to collaborate by exchanging knowledge about dental and systemic morbidities and their associations. The study also highlights the necessity for a comprehensive holistic risk management strategy that takes systemic and dental diseases into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noya Ytzhaik
- In Partial Fulfillment DMD Thesis, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dorit Zur
- Medical Information Department, General Surgeon Headquarter, Medical Corps, 02149, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Chen Goldstein
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Big Biomedical Data Research Laboratory; Dean's Office, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Galit Almoznino
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Big Biomedical Data Research Laboratory; Dean's Office, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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13
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Zhu L, Rahman A, Yeh MC, Ma GX. Racial/Ethnic Disparities of Cancer, Metabolic Syndrome, and Lifestyle Behaviors in People under 50: A Cross-Sectional Study of Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 3:493-501. [PMID: 36416800 PMCID: PMC9680314 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent epidemiological studies have suggested a trend of increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and certain types of cancer among adults under age 50. How MetS is associated with cancer in adults under the age of 50, however, remains unclear. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether associations between MetS and cancer vary by racial/ethnic group and whether modifiable lifestyle factors influence MetS-cancer relationships. METHODS We used data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to define a case-control sample to examine potential racial/ethnic disparities associated with MetS and cancer of any type. We used a chi-square test and binary logistic regression to examine the MetS and cancer association. RESULTS From a total sample of 10,220 cases, we identified 9960 no-cancer cases and 260 cancer cases. Binary logistic regression results showed that MetS was significantly associated with a cancer risk among non-Hispanic whites (odds ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-2.19); however, it was not associated with a risk among non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanic/Latinos, or Asian Americans. We also found several significant predictors of cancer, including age, gender, tobacco use, and sleep duration, with their roles varying by racial/ethnic subgroup. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that racial/ethnic differences are involved in the association between MetS and cancer, and highlight the potential mediating effects of lifestyle and behavioral factors. Future research should leverage the existing longitudinal data or data from cohort or case-control studies to better examine the causal link between MetS and cancer among racial/ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Urban Health and Population Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Areebah Rahman
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ming-Chin Yeh
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Grace X. Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Urban Health and Population Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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14
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Reeves A, Elliott MR, Lewis TT, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Herman WH, Harlow SD. Study Selection Bias and Racial or Ethnic Disparities in Estimated Age at Onset of Cardiometabolic Disease Among Midlife Women in the US. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2240665. [PMID: 36342714 PMCID: PMC9641536 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.40665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Racial disparities in cardiometabolic health are consistently observed in cohort studies. However, most studies neither evaluate differences in age at onset nor account for systematic exclusion stemming from "weathering" (accelerated health declines for minoritized groups due to structural social and economic marginalization). Objective To evaluate racial or ethnic disparities in age at onset of 4 cardiometabolic outcomes (hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension [ISH], insulin resistance [IR], and diabetes), accounting for multiple forms of potential selection bias. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation longitudinal cohort (1995-2016) and a cross-sectional screening sample (1995-1997). Data were analyzed from July 2019 to October 2021. Participants were eligible for the cohort if they were aged 42 to 52 years, had not received hormone therapy in the past 3 months, were not pregnant, had an intact uterus and at least 1 ovary, and were premenopausal or early perimenopausal (most recent menses ≤3 months). Exposures Self-reported racial or ethnic group (Black, Chinese, Hispanic, Japanese, or White). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were hypertension (systolic blood pressure [BP] ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication), ISH (systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication), IR (homeostasis model assessment for IR value >5.9 or insulin use), and diabetes (fasting serum glucose level ≥126 mg/dL [to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555], use of insulin or oral antidiabetic medication, or physician diagnosis). Selection into the cohort was addressed via inverse probability weighting and interval-censored survival models and selection out via multiple imputation. Accelerated failure time models were used to examine racial or ethnic differences in age at disease onset and estimate the median age at onset. Results A total of 3302 women were included in the study, with a median age of 46.2 years (range, 42-52 years) at baseline. In the sample, 42.6% had a bachelor's degree or higher and 36.3% self-rated their health as "very good" at baseline; 23.9% had hypertension, 43.7% had ISH, 13.5% had IR, and 4.6% had diabetes at baseline. Hypertension occurred a median of 5.0 years (95% CI, 5.4-5.5 years) earlier and metabolic outcomes (diabetes and IR) a median of 11.3 years (95% CI, 9.7-12.9 years) earlier for Black and Hispanic women vs White women; ISH occurred a median of 7.7 years (95% CI, 7.3-8.1 years) earlier for Black women vs White women. Adjustment for selection was associated with a mean 20-year decrease in estimated median age at onset, with greater decreases among Black and Hispanic women. Conclusions and Relevance In this multiracial cohort of midlife women, failure to account for selection biases, especially at study onset, was associated with falsely high estimates of age at cardiometabolic onset, with greater misestimation among Black and Hispanic women. The results suggest that hypertension and metabolic interventions, particularly for Black and Hispanic women, should be targeted to women aged as young as 30 years for hypertension and 40 years for metabolic interventions. Considering the timing of disease and fully addressing inherent selection biases in research are critical to understanding aging and disease risk, especially for racial and ethnic minoritized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Reeves
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Michael R. Elliott
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Tené T. Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - William H. Herman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Siobán D. Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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15
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Yang M, Liu S, Zhang C. The Related Metabolic Diseases and Treatments of Obesity. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1616. [PMID: 36141228 PMCID: PMC9498506 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by the abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat, affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide. Obesity is commonly associated with other metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancers. Factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, overnutrition, socioeconomic status, and other environmental and genetic conditions can cause obesity. Many molecules and signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), adhesion molecules, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Commonly used strategies of obesity management and treatment include exercise and dietary change or restriction for the early stage of obesity, bariatric surgery for server obesity, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medicines such as semaglutide and liraglutide that can be used as monotherapy or as a synergistic treatment. In addition, psychological management, especially for patients with obesity and distress, is a good option. Gut microbiota plays an important role in obesity and its comorbidities, and gut microbial reprogramming by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics shows promising potential in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Many clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the therapeutic effects of different treatments. Currently, prevention and early treatment of obesity are the best options to prevent its progression to many comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Shuai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chunye Zhang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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16
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Hsu LN, Hu JC, Chen PY, Lee WC, Chuang YC. Metabolic Syndrome and Overactive Bladder Syndrome May Share Common Pathophysiologies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1957. [PMID: 36009505 PMCID: PMC9405560 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a group of cardiovascular risk factors, including impaired glucose tolerance, central obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome consists of symptoms such as urinary urgency, frequency, and nocturia with or without urge incontinence. The high prevalences of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and overactive bladder (OAB) worldwide affect quality of life and cause profound negative impacts on the social economy. Accumulated evidence suggests that MetS might contribute to the underlying mechanisms for developing OAB, and MetS-associated OAB could be a subtype of OAB. However, how could these two syndromes interact with each other? Based on results of animal studies and observations in epidemiological studies, we summarized the common pathophysiologies existing between MetS and OAB, including autonomic and peripheral neuropathies, chronic ischemia, proinflammatory status, dysregulation of nutrient-sensing pathways (e.g., insulin resistance at the bladder mucosa and excessive succinate intake), and the probable role of dysbiosis. Since the MetS-associated OAB is a subtype of OAB with distinctive pathophysiologies, the regular and non-specific medications, such as antimuscarinics, beta-3 agonist, and botulinum toxin injection, might lead to unsatisfying results. Understanding the pathophysiologies of MetS-associated OAB might benefit future studies exploring novel biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets on both MetS and OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Nei Hsu
- Department of Urology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan City 833, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chuan Hu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Division of Urology, Yunlin Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Yunlin 638, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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17
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Arredondo EM, Haughton J, Ayala GX, Slymen D, Sallis JF, Perez LG, Serrano N, Ryan S, Valdivia R, Lopez NV, Elder JP. Two-year outcomes of Faith in Action/Fe en Acción: a randomized controlled trial of physical activity promotion in Latinas. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:97. [PMID: 35907867 PMCID: PMC9338625 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latina women are less likely to report engaging in leisure-time physical activity (PA) than non-Latina white women. This study evaluated the 24-month impact of a faith-based PA intervention targeting Latinas. METHODS The study is a cluster randomized controlled trial of a PA intervention or cancer screening comparison condition, with churches as the randomization unit. A total of 436 Latinas (aged 18-65 years) from 16 churches who engaged in low levels of self-report and accelerometer-based PA were enrolled. The experimental condition was a 24-month PA intervention, with in-person classes, social support, and environmental changes, led by community health workers (i.e., promotoras). At baseline, 12-, and 24 months, we assessed changes in accelerometer-based and self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; primary outcomes). Secondary outcomes were light intensity activity, sedentary time, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. RESULTS After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, a mixed effects analysis found significant increases in self-reported leisure time MVPA (p < 0.005) and marginal increases in accelerometer-assessed MVPA (p < 0.08) 24 months post-baseline in the intervention compared to the attention-control condition. Data showed significant associations between PA class attendance and engaging in MVPA as assessed by self-report and accelerometry. No significant changes were found for light activity, sedentary time, BMI, or waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Participants who attended the PA classes at least once a month engaged in significantly higher MVPA compared to those who did not. Maximizing engagement and maintenance strategies to enhance PA maintenance could contribute to important long-term health benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01776632 , Registered March 18, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva M Arredondo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University and the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, 9245 Sky Park Ct, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
| | - Jessica Haughton
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Guadalupe X Ayala
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University and the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego, USA
| | - Donald Slymen
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - James F Sallis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lilian G Perez
- Behavioral and Policy Sciences Department, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, USA
| | - Natalicio Serrano
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sherry Ryan
- School of Public Affairs, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Nanette V Lopez
- Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - John P Elder
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
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18
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González MC. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants as a risk factor of offspring metabolic syndrome development during childhood. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:61-70. [PMID: 33866704 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are exogenous, artificially made chemicals that can disrupt the biological system of individuals and animals. POPs encompass a variety of chemicals including, dioxins, organochlorines (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that contain a long half-life and highly resistant to biodegradation. These environmental pollutants accumulate over time in adipose tissues of living organisms and alter various insulin function-related genes. Childhood Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) consists of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, insulin function being one of them. Over the years, the incidence of the syndrome has increased dramatically. It is imperative to explore the role of persistent organic pollutants in the development of Childhood Metabolic Syndrome. Some epidemiological studies have reported an association between prenatal exposure to POPs and offspring MetS development throughout childhood. These findings have been replicated in animal studies in which these pollutants exercise negative health outcomes such as obesity and increased waist circumference. This review discusses the role of prenatal exposure to POPs among offspring who develop MetS in childhood, the latest research on the MetS concept, epidemiological and experimental findings on MetS, and the POPs modes of action. This literature review identified consistent research results on this topic. Even though the studies in this review had many strengths, one major weakness was the usage of different combinations of MetS criteria to measure the outcomes. These findings elucidate the urgent need to solidify the pediatric MetS definition. An accurate definition will permit scientists to measure the MetS as a health outcome properly and allow clinicians to diagnose pediatric MetS and provide individualized treatment appropriately.
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19
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Rana S, Ali S, Wani HA, Mushtaq QD, Sharma S, Rehman MU. Metabolic syndrome and underlying genetic determinants-A systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1095-1104. [PMID: 35673448 PMCID: PMC9167205 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of heritable and related traits which has been associated with a range of pathophysiological factors including dyslipidaemia, abdominal obesity, increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hypertension. The documented genetic basis of the metabolic syndrome include several chromosomal positions, numerous candidate gene-associated polymorphisms, different genetic variants, which are linked to the syndrome either as a trait or entities mainly linked to metabolic process. Additionally, the latest findings related to the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms, microRNAs, sporadic variants, non-coding RNAs, and assessing the role of genes in molecular systems has enhanced our understanding of the syndrome. Considerable work has been done to understand the underlying disease mechanisms by elucidating its genetic etiology. Nonetheless, a common shared genetic cause has not been established to clarify the coexistence of their components and further investigation is required. While mostly neglected and rarely known, hereditary predisposition needs to be studied, including with the current defective phenotypic condition descriptions. Metabolic syndrome is a multi-faceted characteristic with abundant properties and the condition can arise from interactions between environmental variables such as physical inactivity, caloric obesity and genetic susceptibility. Although there is support for genetic determinants from family and twin research, there is still no recognised genomic DNA marker for genetic association and linkages with quite a long way off potential for clinical application. In the present review efforts have been made to through light on the various genetic determinants with large effects that underlie with the association of these traits to this syndrome. The heterogeneity and multifactorial heritability of MetS, however, has been a challenge towards understanding the factors underlying the association of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Rana
- grid.440710.60000 0004 1756 649XHuman Genomics Research Group, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (SMVDU), Katra, J and K India
| | - Shafat Ali
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J and K India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Wani
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Biochemistry, Government Degree College Sumbal, Bandipora, J and K India
| | | | - Swarkar Sharma
- grid.440710.60000 0004 1756 649XHuman Genomics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (SMVDU), Katra, J and K India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Salvo D, Lemoine P, Janda KM, Ranjit N, Nielsen A, van den Berg A. Exploring the Impact of Policies to Improve Geographic and Economic Access to Vegetables among Low-Income, Predominantly Latino Urban Residents: An Agent-Based Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:646. [PMID: 35277005 PMCID: PMC8839639 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifying the food environment of cities is a promising strategy for improving dietary behaviors, but using traditional empirical methods to test the effectiveness of these strategies remains challenging. We developed an agent-based model to simulate the food environment of Austin, Texas, USA, and to test the impact of different food access policies on vegetable consumption among low-income, predominantly Latino residents. The model was developed and calibrated using empirical data from the FRESH-Austin Study, a natural experiment. We simulated five policy scenarios: (1) business as usual; (2)−(4) expanding geographic and/or economic healthy food access via the Fresh for Less program (i.e., through farm stands, mobile markets, and healthy corner stores); and (5) expanding economic access to vegetables in supermarkets and small grocers. The model predicted that increasing geographic and/or economic access to healthy corner stores will not meaningfully improve vegetable intake, whilst implementing high discounts (>85%) on the cost of vegetables, or jointly increasing geographic and economic access to mobile markets or farm stands, will increase vegetable intake among low-income groups. Implementing discounts at supermarkets and small grocers is also predicted to be an effective policy for increasing vegetable consumption. This work highlights the utility of agent-based modeling for informing food access policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Pablo Lemoine
- Centro Nacional de Consultoría, Bogotá 110221, Colombia;
| | - Kathryn M. Janda
- UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (K.M.J.); (N.R.); (A.N.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (K.M.J.); (N.R.); (A.N.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Aida Nielsen
- UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (K.M.J.); (N.R.); (A.N.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Alexandra van den Berg
- UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (K.M.J.); (N.R.); (A.N.); (A.v.d.B.)
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21
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Goldschmidt AB, Mason TB, Smith KE, Egbert AH, Engel ESG, Haedt-Matt A. Typology of eating episodes in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. Eat Behav 2022; 44:101596. [PMID: 35091193 PMCID: PMC8885845 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that youth with overweight/obesity can be subtyped according to disinhibited eating tendencies. No research has attempted to subtype classes of eating episodes along sensational, psychological, and hedonic dimensions. METHODS Youth (N = 39; 55% female) aged 8-14 y with overweight/obesity completed a 2-week ecological momentary assessment protocol in which they reported on all eating episodes and their sensational, environmental, affective, and interpersonal contexts. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify episodes based on loss of control (LOC) while eating, self-reported overeating, food palatability, hunger, and cravings. Classes were compared on affective, interpersonal, appearance-related, and environmental correlates using Wald chi-square tests. RESULTS LPA identified three classes of eating episodes involving high levels of LOC/self-reported overeating ("binge-like" class), low levels of hunger ("eating-in-the-absence-of-hunger" class), and high hunger and cravings ("appetitive eating" class). Binge-like eating was associated with the highest levels of body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distress, and positive affect, and was most likely to occur in the after-school hours. CONCLUSIONS Binge-like eating tends to occur in a psychological context relative to other types of eating episodes in youth with overweight/obesity. Future research should explore whether certain classes of eating episodes are associated with distinct weight trajectories over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B. Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kathryn E. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amy H. Egbert
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - E. Scott G. Engel
- Department of Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, ND,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Alissa Haedt-Matt
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
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22
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Ekeuku SO, Nur Azlina MF, Chin KY. Effects of Piper sarmentosum on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Complications: A Review of Preclinical Evidence. APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 11:9860. [DOI: 10.3390/app11219860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2025]
Abstract
Piper sarmentosum (PS) is a traditional medicinal herb used by South East Asians. It demonstrates promising properties against various non-communicable diseases and infectious agents due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Given that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in developing and exacerbating metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its principal components (central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia), PS could manage MetS and its complications. This review summarises the available literature on the effects of PS on principal components of MetS and their complications. The accumulated evidence suggests that PS prevented adiposity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia in preclinical studies mainly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It also protected against MetS-associated cardiovascular complications. This review has identified research gaps in this field and suggested future studies to guide interested researchers to explore further or affirm the therapeutic potential of PS. One of the most significant challenges to the medical use of PS is the absence of randomised controlled trials in humans. This study gap must be bridged before PS supplementation could be used to manage MetS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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23
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Prochnow T, Umstattd Meyer MR, Patterson MS, Trost SG, Gómez L, Sharkey J. Active Play Network Influences on Physical Activity Among Children Living in Texas Colonias. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2021; 44:154-161. [PMID: 33464765 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for child health; however, few children meet PA guidelines. Social relationships impact child PA behaviors; however, little is known about this effect in Mexican-heritage populations. This study aims to understand associations between self-reported play networks and PA among Mexican-heritage children. Mexican-heritage children from colonias along the Texas-Mexico border (n = 44; 54.5% girls; mean age = 9.89 years, SD = 0.97) reported information on up to 5 people they played with most often. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between composition of children's social network and minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) and sedentary minutes per day measured by accelerometers. Children who reported a higher percentage of friends as opposed to family members attained significantly more minutes of MVPA per day (β = .27, P = .04). Children who reported playing with individuals in their network more often (β = ‒.28, P = .03) were sedentary for fewer minutes per day. Increasing the connections between children in the neighborhood or community, as well as increasing a child's frequency of active play, may be promising approaches to increasing MVPA and decreasing sedentary behaviors among Mexican-heritage children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Prochnow
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas (Mr Prochnow and Dr Umstattd Meyer); Department of Health and Kinesiology (Dr Patterson) and Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences (Mr Gómez and Dr Sharkey), Texas A&M University, College Station; and Queensland University of Technology, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Dr Trost)
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24
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Chen H, Zheng X, Zong X, Li Z, Li N, Hur J, Fritz CD, Chapman W, Nickel KB, Tipping A, Colditz GA, Giovannucci EL, Olsen MA, Fields RC, Cao Y. Metabolic syndrome, metabolic comorbid conditions and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer. Gut 2021; 70:1147-1154. [PMID: 33037055 PMCID: PMC8032822 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Factors that lead to metabolic dysregulation are associated with increased risk of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC diagnosed under age 50). However, the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and early-onset CRC remains unexamined. DESIGN We conducted a nested case-control study among participants aged 18-64 in the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database (2006-2015). Incident CRC was identified using pathologist-coded International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes, and controls were frequency matched. MetS was defined as presence of ≥3 conditions among obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia/type 2 diabetes, based on ICD-9-CM and use of medications. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs. RESULTS MetS was associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC (n=4673; multivariable adjusted OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.43), similar to CRC diagnosed at age 50-64 (n=14 928; OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.27). Compared with individuals without a metabolic comorbid condition, those with 1, 2 or ≥3 conditions had a 9% (1.09; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.17), 12% (1.12; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24) and 31% (1.31; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.51) higher risk of early-onset CRC (ptrend <0.001). No associations were observed for one or two metabolic comorbid conditions and CRC diagnosed at age 50-64. These positive associations were driven by proximal (OR per condition 1.14; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.23) and distal colon cancer (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.18), but not rectal cancer (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.09). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic dysregulation was associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC, driven by proximal and distal colon cancer, thus at least in part contribute to the rising incidence of early-onset CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zitong Li
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jinhee Hur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cassandra Dl Fritz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Chapman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katelin B Nickel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew Tipping
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret A Olsen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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25
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Jimenez V, Sanchez N, Clark ELM, Miller RL, Casamassima M, Verros M, Conte I, Ruiz-Jaquez M, Gulley LD, Johnson SA, Melby C, Lucas-Thompson RG, Shomaker LB. Associations of adverse childhood experiences with stress physiology and insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for adult obesity. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22127. [PMID: 33991342 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) heighten the risk for adult obesity and cardiometabolic disease, but physiological factors underlying this connection are not well understood. We determined if ACEs were associated with physiological stress response and insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for adult obesity. Participants were 90 adolescents 12.0-17.5 years (50% female, 30% Hispanic/Latinx), at risk for adult obesity by virtue of above-average body mass index (BMI; kg/m2 ≥ 70th percentile) or parental obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ). ACEs were determined as presence (vs. absence) based upon the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children. Physiological stress response was measured as heart rate/blood pressure response to the Trier Social Stress Test. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was determined from fasting glucose/insulin. Sixty-one percent of adolescents reported positive ACE history. The presence of ACEs predicted greater heart rate (p < .001) and diastolic blood pressure (p = .02) response to stress, controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, puberty, and BMI standard score. Systolic blood pressure and insulin resistance did not differ by ACE history (p-values > .08). Findings suggest heightened sympathetic stress response in adolescence could be explanatory in how ACEs increase the risk for later cardiometabolic disease. Future studies should characterize ACEs in relationship to day-to-day variations in adolescents' stress physiology and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Jimenez
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Natalia Sanchez
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emma L M Clark
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Reagan L Miller
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Milena Casamassima
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan Verros
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Isabella Conte
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Metztli Ruiz-Jaquez
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren D Gulley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher Melby
- Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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26
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Tadalafil ameliorates bladder overactivity by restoring insulin-activated detrusor relaxation via the bladder mucosal IRS/PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway in fructose-fed rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8202. [PMID: 33859259 PMCID: PMC8050041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiologies of metabolic syndrome (MS) and overactive bladder (OAB) might overlap. Using fructose-fed rats (FFRs) as a rodent model of MS we investigated the effects of tadalafil (a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor) on the dysregulated insulin signalling in the bladder mucosa and bladder overactivity. Micturition behaviour was evaluated. Concentration-response curves on detrusor relaxation to insulin stimulation were examined. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins in the insulin signalling pathway were evaluated by Western blotting. Levels of detrusor cGMP and urinary nitrite and nitrate (NOx) were measured. We observed FFRs exhibited metabolic traits of MS, bladder overactivity, and impaired insulin-activated detrusor relaxation in organ bath study. A high-fructose diet also impeded insulin signalling, reflected by overexpression of IRS1/pIRS1Ser307 and pIRS2Ser731 and downregulation of PI3K/pPI3KTyr508, AKT/pAKTSer473, and eNOS/peNOSSer1177 in the bladder mucosa, alongside decreased urinary NOx and detrusor cGMP levels. Tadalafil treatment restored the reduced level of mucosal peNOS, urinary NOx, and detrusor cGMP, improved the insulin-activated detrusor relaxation, and ameliorated bladder overactivity in FFRs. These results suggest tadalafil may ameliorate MS-associated bladder overactivity by restoring insulin-activated detrusor relaxation via molecular mechanisms that are associated with preservation of IR/IRS/PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway in the bladder mucosa and cGMP production in the bladder detrusor.
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27
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Prochnow T, Umstattd Meyer MR, Johnson C, Delgado H, Gómez L, Sharkey J. The Development and Pilot Testing of the ¡Haz Espacio Para Papi! Program Physical Activity Curriculum for Mexican-heritage Fathers and Children. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2021.1902888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Children and Adolescents in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6661457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an assemblage of interconnected cardiovascular risk factors that are prevalent among children and adolescents in high-income countries (HICs). Despite the presence of several studies on the issue, the study findings are incongruent due to the absence of a gold standard diagnostic method of MetS in children. Thus, the findings of the original studies are inconclusive for policy makers and other stakeholders. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at giving conclusive evidence about MetS among children and adolescents in HICs. Methods. We conducted searches using electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), EMBASE (Elsevier), and Medline (EBSCOhost)) and other sources (Google Scholar and Google) up to September 2020. Observational studies reporting the prevalence of MetS were eligible in this study. The pooled estimates were computed in fixed and random effect models using six diagnostic methods (IDF, ATP III, de Ferranti et al., WHO, Weiss et al., and Cruz and Goran). Publication bias was verified using funnel plots and Egger’s regression tests. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed in case of higher heterogeneities among the included studies. Result. In this study, 77 studies with a total population of 125,445 children and adolescents were used in the final analysis. Metabolic syndrome among the overweight and obese population was computed from 28 studies with the pooled prevalence of 25.25%, 24.47%, 39.41%, 29.52%, and 33.36% in IDF, ATP III, de Ferranti et al., WHO, and Weiss et al. criteria, respectively. Likewise, 49 studies were eligible to compute the pooled prevalence of MetS in the general population of children and adolescents. Hence, MetS was found in 3.70% (IDF), 5.40% (ATP III), 14.78% (de Ferranti et al.), 3.90% (WHO), and, 4.66% (Cruz and Goran) of study participants. Regarding the components of MetS, abdominal obesity in the overweight and obese population, and low HDL-C in the general population were the most common components. Besides, the prevalence of Mets among males was higher than females. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that MetS among children and adolescents is undoubtedly high in HICs. The prevalence of MetS is higher among males than females. Community-based social and behavioral change communications need to be designed to promote healthy eating behaviors and physical activities. Prospective cohort studies could also help to explore all possible risk factors of MetS and to design specific interventions accordingly.
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29
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Hua J, Jiang H, Wang H, Fang Q. Sleep Duration and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:635564. [PMID: 33679592 PMCID: PMC7935510 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.635564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent findings for the association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome. We aimed to clarify the effects of short and long sleep durations on metabolic syndrome in adults by performing a meta-analysis. Methods: Adopting random-effects models, this study analyzed the effects of short and long sleep durations based on data from prospective cohort studies and cross-sectional studies retrieved from four electronic databases from inception to May 2020. Results: We collected data from 235,895 participants included in nine prospective cohort studies and 340,492 participants included in 27 cross-sectional studies. In cohort studies, short sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.25, I 2 = 63.1%, P < 0.001) compared with normal sleep duration. While long sleep duration was not associated with new-onset metabolic syndrome (RR, 1.02, 0.85-1.18, I 2 = 38.0%, P = 0.491). In cross-sectional studies, both short (OR, 1.06, 95% CI, 1.01-1.11, I 2 = 66.5%, P < 0.001) and long (OR, 1.11, 95% CI, 1.04-1.17, I 2 = 73.8%, P < 0.001) sleep durations were associated with a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Only a short sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Future studies should address whether the association is casual and modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianian Hua
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hezi Jiang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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30
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Mummidi S, Farook VS, Reddivari L, Hernandez-Ruiz J, Diaz-Badillo A, Fowler SP, Resendez RG, Akhtar F, Lehman DM, Jenkinson CP, Arya R, Lynch JL, Canas JA, DeFronzo RA, Hale DE, Blangero J, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Duggirala R, Vanamala JKP. Serum carotenoids and Pediatric Metabolic Index predict insulin sensitivity in Mexican American children. Sci Rep 2021; 11:871. [PMID: 33441626 PMCID: PMC7806924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of carotenoids are protective against cardiometabolic risk traits (CMTs) in adults and children. We recently showed in non-diabetic Mexican American (MA) children that serum α-carotene and β-carotene are inversely correlated with obesity measures and triglycerides and positively with HDL cholesterol and that they were under strong genetic influences. Additionally, we previously described a Pediatric Metabolic Index (PMI) that helps in the identification of children who are at risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we quantified serum lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin concentrations in approximately 580 children from MA families using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-photodiode array and determined their heritabilities and correlations with CMTs. Using response surface methodology (RSM), we determined two-way interactions of carotenoids and PMI on Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). The concentrations of lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin were highly heritable [h2 = 0.98, P = 7 × 10-18 and h2 = 0.58, P = 1 × 10-7]. We found significant (P ≤ 0.05) negative phenotypic correlations between β-cryptoxanthin and five CMTs: body mass index (- 0.22), waist circumference (- 0.25), triglycerides (- 0.18), fat mass (- 0.23), fasting glucose (- 0.09), and positive correlations with HDL cholesterol (0.29). In contrast, lycopene only showed a significant negative correlation with fasting glucose (- 0.08) and a positive correlation with HDL cholesterol (0.18). Importantly, we found that common genetic influences significantly contributed to the observed phenotypic correlations. RSM showed that increased serum concentrations of α- and β-carotenoids rather than that of β-cryptoxanthin or lycopene had maximal effects on ISI. In summary, our findings suggest that the serum carotenoids are under strong additive genetic influences and may have differential effects on susceptibility to CMTs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Mummidi
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.
| | - Vidya S Farook
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Lavanya Reddivari
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Joselin Hernandez-Ruiz
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Diaz-Badillo
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Sharon P Fowler
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roy G Resendez
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Feroz Akhtar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Jenkinson
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Rector Arya
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Jane L Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jose A Canas
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Hale
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Jairam K P Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Almoznino G, Zini A, Kedem R, Protter NE, Zur D, Abramovitz I. Hypertension and Its Associations with Dental Status: Data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Nationwide Records-Based Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020176. [PMID: 33419028 PMCID: PMC7825310 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results have been published regarding the associations between dental status and hypertension. This study aims to explore whether or not hypertension is associated with dental status among young to middle-aged adults. To that end, data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) study were analyzed. The DOME is a cross-sectional records-based study that combines comprehensive socio-demographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationally representative sample of military personnel. Included were 132,529 subjects aged 18–50 years who attended the military dental clinics for one year. The prevalence of hypertension in the study population was 2.5% (3363/132,529). Following multivariate analysis, the associations between hypertension and dental parameters were lost and hypertension retained a positive association with obesity (Odds ratio (OR) = 4.2 (3.7–4.9)), diabetes mellitus (OR = 4.0 (2.9–5.7)), birth country of Western Europe vs. Israeli birth country (OR = 1.9 (1.6–2.2)), male sex (OR = 1.9 (1.6–2.2)), cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.9 (1.6–2.3)), presence of fatty liver (OR = 1.8 (1.5–2.3)), the birth country Asia vs. Israeli birth country (OR = 1.6 (1.1–2.3)), smoking (OR = 1.2 (1.05–1.4)), and older age (OR = 1.05 (1.04–1.06)). Further analysis among an age-, smoking- and sex matched sub-population (N = 13,452) also revealed that the dental parameters lost their statistically significant association with hypertension following multivariate analysis, and hypertension retained a positive association with diabetes (OR = 4.08 (2.6–6.1)), obesity (OR = 2.7 (2.4–3.2)), birth country of Western Europe vs. Israel (OR = 1.9 (1.6–2.3)), cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.8 (1.5–2.2)), fatty liver (OR = 1.7 (1.3–2.3)), high school education vs. academic (OR = 1.5 (1.3–1.8)), and low socio-economic status (SES) vs. high (OR = 1.4 (1.03–1.8)). We analyzed the associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and dental parameters and combined the statistically significant variables to create a dental inflammation score (DIS). This crated a final model with the appropriate weights written as follows: DIS = (periodontal disease × 14) + (the number of teeth that required crowns × 11) + (missing teeth × 75). The mean DIS was 10.106 ± 25.184, and it exhibited a weak positive association with hypertension in the univariate analysis (OR = 1.011 (1.010–1.012)). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the DIS against hypertension produced a failed area under the curve (AUC) result (0.57 (0.56–0.58)). Moreover, the DIS also lost its statistical significance association with hypertension following multivariate analysis. We conclude that hypertension had no statistically significant nor clinically significant association with dental status. The study established a profile of the “patient vulnerable to hypertension”, which retained well-known risk factors for hypertension such as older age, male sex, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver but not dental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Almoznino
- Big Biomedical Data Research Laboratory, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Department of Endodontics, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +97-226-776-194; Fax: +97-226-447-919
| | - Avraham Zini
- Department of Community Dentistry, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Ron Kedem
- Medical Information Department, General Surgeon Headquarter, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer 02149, Israel; (R.K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Noam E. Protter
- Forensic Unit, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer 02149, Israel;
| | - Dorit Zur
- Medical Information Department, General Surgeon Headquarter, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer 02149, Israel; (R.K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Itzhak Abramovitz
- Department of Endodontics, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
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Veru-Lesmes F, Guay S, Shah JL, Schmitz N, Giguère CÉ, Joober R, Iyer SN, Malla AK. Adipose tissue dysregulation at the onset of psychosis: Adipokines and social determinants of health. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 123:104915. [PMID: 33130407 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that patients with psychotic disorders have metabolic disturbances (e.g., insulin resistance, dyslipidemia) at the onset of the disease and before antipsychotic exposure. Such disturbances are strongly associated with adipose tissue dysregulation. Measuring adipokines, the molecular mediators of adipose function, could provide a picture of the state of metabolic regulation at the onset of psychosis. The present study explores adipokine changes in a population of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients with minimal prior exposure to antipsychotics. The effects of social determinants of health (childhood trauma and minority status) associated with both metabolic and psychotic disorders were studied as potential determinants of this phenomenon. Data was collected through the Signature project, a biobank of clinical, socio-demographic, and biological markers. Adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin and chemerin) were measured in serum of FEP patients with minimal exposure to antipsychotics (N = 48) and controls (N = 39). Data were analyzed with univariate (t-tests) and multivariate (linear regression) statistical methods. Patients, compared to controls, had significantly higher levels of adiponectin and resistin, and significantly lower levels of leptin and chemerin. These results persisted after controlling for sex, waist-to-height ratio, childhood trauma, and visible minority status. Adiponectin and chemerin retained their effects after further controlling for tobacco and depression. Resistin increased with childhood trauma scores; chemerin was higher in visible minority patients. Adipose tissue dysfunction is present in FEP patients, before exposure to antipsychotics. Social determinants of health contribute to adipose (and metabolic) dysregulation in FEP, but may not be the main determinants of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Veru-Lesmes
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Stéphane Guay
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Canada.
| | - Jai L Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Canada
| | - Norbert Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Ridha Joober
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Canada
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ashok K Malla
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Canada
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Papás Activos: Associations between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Personal Networks among Fathers Living in Texas Colonias. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249243. [PMID: 33321902 PMCID: PMC7763635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite growing health disparities in Latino populations related to lack of physical activity (PA), little is known regarding the impact of social networks on PA and sedentary behavior among a sample of Latino fathers residing in functionally rural colonias. Fathers wore accelerometers and responded to questions regarding their self-efficacy and characteristics of who they were active with most often. Fathers (n = 47) attained a mean of 73.3 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (SD = 23.8) per day and were sedentary for a mean of 364.0 min (SD = 74.4) per day. In total, fathers reported 205 alters and significantly more family members (M = 3.60, SD = 1.64) than friends (M = 0.77, SD = 1.37). Sedentary time was positively associated with number of peers and inversely related to the number of children reported. Minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA was significantly associated with greater self-efficacy and number of family members reported. This study contributes to the evidence by further examining PA correlates of Latino fathers from functionally rural colonia communities. Additionally, this study supported both family systems theory and the socio–ecological model as it details the interpersonal and familial influences of PA behavior. Thus, supports for family activity promotion and programs which impact familial norms and activity at the family level may be particularly useful.
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Ikejima K, Kon K, Yamashina S. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease: From clinical aspects to pathophysiological insights. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 26:728-735. [PMID: 33053942 PMCID: PMC7641569 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major causes of steatohepatitis are alcohol and metabolic syndrome. Although the underlying causes of alcoholrelated liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) differ, there are certain similarities in terms of the mode of disease progression and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Further, excessive alcohol consumption is often seen in patients with metabolic syndrome, and alcoholic hepatitis exacerbation by comorbidity with metabolic syndrome is an emerging clinical problem. There are certain ethnic differences in the development of both NAFLD and ALD. Especially, Asian populations tend to be more susceptible to NAFLD, and genetic polymorphisms in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) play a key role in both NAFLD and ALD. From the viewpoint of pathophysiology, cellular stress responses, including autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, are involved in the development of cellular injury in steatohepatitis. Further, gutderived bacterial products and innate immune responses in the liver most likely play a profound role in the pathogenesis of both ALD and NASH. Though the recent progress in the treatment of viral hepatitis has reduced the prevalence of viral-related development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), non-viral HCC is increasing. Alcohol and metabolic syndrome synergistically exacerbate progression of steatohepatitis, resulting in carcinogenesis. The gut-liver axis is a potential therapeutic and prophylactic target for steatohepatitis and subsequent carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ikejima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunhei Yamashina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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SOS Teeth: First Priority Teeth with Advanced Caries and Its Associations with Metabolic Syndrome among a National Representative Sample of Young and Middle-Aged Adults. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103170. [PMID: 33007919 PMCID: PMC7599956 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
“SOS teeth” are defined as the first priority teeth for treatment, that have distinct cavitation reaching the pulp chamber or only root fragments are present. These are teeth with severe morbidity, that may require pulp capping, root canal treatment, or extraction, and therefore should be treated first. The study aims to explore whether or not a metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with SOS teeth. To that end, we performed across-sectional records-based study of a nationally representative sample of 132,529 military personnel aged 18–50 years, who attended the military dental clinics for one year. The mean number of SOS had no statistically significant association with: smoking (p = 0.858), alcohol consumption (p = 0.878), hypertension (p = 0.429), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.866), impaired glucose tolerance (p = 0.909), hyperlipidemia (p = 0.246), ischemic heart disease (p = 0.694), S/P myocardial infarction (p = 0.957), obstructive sleep apnea (p = 0.395), fatty liver (p = 0.074), S/P stroke (p = 0.589), and S/P transient ischemic attack (p = 0.095) and with parental history of: diabetes (p = 0.396)], cardiovascular disease (p = 0.360), stroke (p = 0.368), and sudden death (p = 0.063) as well as with any of the medical auxiliary examinations (p > 0.05). Cariogenic diet was positively associated with SOS teeth (p < 0.001). We conclude that SOS teeth had no statistically significant association with MetS components or with conditions that are consequences or associated with MetS. The only statistically significant parameter was a cariogenic diet, a well-known risk factor for caries and MetS.
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Effects of short-term continuous Montmorency tart cherry juice supplementation in participants with metabolic syndrome. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1587-1603. [PMID: 32789528 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) augments the incidence of cardiovascular disease by two-fold and type II diabetes mellitus by five-fold. Montmorency tart cherries are rich in phytochemicals shown to improve biomarkers related to cardio-metabolic health in humans. This study aimed to examine cardio-metabolic responses after 7-days Montmorency tart cherry juice (MTCJ) supplementation and also acute on short-term supplementation responses to a single bolus, in humans with MetS. METHODS In a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 12 participants with MetS (50 ± 10 years; 6M/6F), consumed MTCJ or placebo (PLA) for 7 days. Blood-based and functional cardio-metabolic biomarkers were measured pre- and post-supplementation, and acute responses measured pre-bolus and up to 5 h post-bolus on the 7th day. RESULTS 24-h ambulatory systolic (P = 0.016), diastolic (P = 0.009) blood pressure and mean arterial pressure (P = 0.041) were significantly lower after 7-days MTCJ supplementation compared to PLA. Glucose (P = 0.038), total cholesterol (P = 0.036), LDL (P = 0.023) concentrations, total cholesterol:HDL ratio (P = 0.004) and respiratory exchange ratio values (P = 0.009) were significantly lower after 6-days MTCJ consumption compared to PLA. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time in humans that MTCJ significantly improved 24-h BP, fasting glucose, total cholesterol and total cholesterol:HDL ratio, and also lowered resting respiratory exchange ratio compared to a control group. Responses demonstrated clinically relevant improvements on aspects of cardio-metabolic function, emphasising the potential efficacy of MTCJ in preventing further cardio-metabolic dysregulation in participants with MetS. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03619941).
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37
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Ezeh U, Ida Chen YD, Azziz R. Racial and ethnic differences in the metabolic response of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:163-172. [PMID: 32286715 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent disorder associated with insulin resistance (IR) and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Although variations in cardiometabolic risks across race and ethnicities have been reported in the general population, racial/ethnic disparities in the metabolic dysfunction of PCOS remain relatively unstudied. OBJECTIVES To determine whether markers of metabolic function differ in nondiabetic Asian American (AS), African American (AA), Hispanic White (HW), compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) women with PCOS. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary institution. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS A total of 259 nondiabetic women with PCOS (by NIH 1990 criteria) who completed a 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test measuring plasma glucose and insulin levels. Basal IR and insulin secretion, assessed by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR and HOMA-β%, respectively), and two-hour hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia after an oral glucose load, were compared in 21 AS, 24 AA, 53 HW and 161 NHW consecutive nondiabetic adult PCOS women. RESULTS After adjusting for age and body mass index, HW and AA PCOS women demonstrated higher fasting and post-glucose challenge insulin levels, and higher HOMA-IR and HOMA-β%, than NHW women, although glucose levels were similar. In contrast, AS PCOS women had or tended to have lower HOMA-β% than any other racial/ethnic groups, lower HOMA-IR, and fasting and post-challenge insulin levels than AA or HW, and also had higher (albeit still normal) mean post-challenge glucose levels than NHW women with PCOS despite similar HOMA-IR, and fasting insulin and post-challenge insulin levels. Waist-hip ratio was similar across the four groups. CONCLUSION Both HW and AA women with PCOS have increased basal state IR and higher β-cell response, and post-challenge hyperinsulinemia compared to NHW and AS subjects. The trend towards a lesser insulin response among Asian women requires further investigation. These findings suggest that the screening and management of metabolic dysfunction in PCOS should consider patients' race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uche Ezeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Healthcare-ValleyCare Hospital, Pleasanton, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Center for Androgen-Related Disorders, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Center for Androgen-Related Disorders, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Center for Androgen-Related Disorders, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy, Management & Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
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Liu CX, Yin RX, Shi ZH, Deng GX, Zheng PF, Wei BL, Guan YZ. EHBP1 SNPs, Their Haplotypes, and Gene-Environment Interactive Effects on Serum Lipid Levels. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7158-7169. [PMID: 32280856 PMCID: PMC7143410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2710642 and rs10496099 and their effect on the EH domain-binding protein 1 (EHBP1) gene and serum lipid profiles remain uncertain. This study was performed to investigate the two EHBP1 SNPs in Han and Maonan populations, including their association, haplotypes, and effects on serum lipid levels. Two EHBP1 SNPs in 564 Han and 796 Maonan participants were genotyped by high-throughput sequencing, and then the genotype and haplotype distributions of two EHBP1 SNPs were analyzed. Moreover, risk factors and their effects on serum lipid levels were analyzed using multivariable linear regression and logistic regression analyses. In Han and Maonan populations, a significant difference was found in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the EHBP1 rs2710642 and rs10496099 SNPs and the alternate alleles of rs2710642A and rs10496099C might be potentially beneficial for healthy lipid levels. Medium linkage disequilibrium between the two SNPs was noted in each ethnic group, and four main haplotypes were detected. The rs2710642G-rs10496099C haplotype was associated with high triglycerides (TGs) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the rs2710642A-rs10496099C haplotype was associated with low TGs and high apolipoprotein A1. The rs2710642G-rs10496099C haplotype was a high-risk factor for hyperlipidemia, and it interacted with smoking, fasting blood glucose, and hypertension to increase but with the female factor to decrease the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in Han individuals. The EHBP1 rs2710642 and rs10496099 SNPs and gene-environment interactions were associated with serum lipid profiles and hyperlipidemia, which is of ethnic specificity to our study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Liu
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular
Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi
Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zong-Hu Shi
- Department
of Prevention and Health Care, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Guo-Xiong Deng
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Peng-Fei Zheng
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Bi-Liu Wei
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yao-Zong Guan
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
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Spikes T, Higgins M, Clark P, Quyyumi A, Reilly C, Pemu P, Dunbar S. The Relationship Among Health Beliefs, Depressive Symptoms, Medication Adherence, and Social Support in African Americans With Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2020; 34:44-51. [PMID: 30273259 PMCID: PMC6752722 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans are disproportionately affected by hypertension and have lower medication adherence when compared to other racial groups. Antecedent factors such as beliefs surrounding hypertension, the presence or absence of social support, and depressive symptoms have not been extensively studied collectively in relation to hypertension medication adherence in African Americans. OBJECTIVE To determine the associations among demographic and clinical factors, depressive symptoms, hypertension beliefs, and social support with blood pressure medication adherence in middle-aged African American adults with a diagnosis of hypertension. METHODS A cross-sectional study of (N = 120) African Americans (mean age, 49 years; 22.5% men) with a current diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, including hypertension, who reported having and taking a prescribed blood pressure-lowering medication were included. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation analysis, and logistic regression using odds ratio were used to examine the effects of high blood pressure beliefs, social support, and depression on medication adherence. RESULTS A small but significant relationship was found between medication adherence and number of comorbidities (r = 0.19, P = .04). In a multivariate regression model, after controlling for gender, comorbidities remained associated with medication adherence (β = 0. 77, P = .04). Depressive symptoms, high blood pressure beliefs, and social support did not have a significant relationship with medication adherence. CONCLUSIONS Multiple comorbidities may have a positive impact upon medication adherence. Further study is needed in a larger sample of African Americans who have a diagnosis of hypertension in addition to other comorbidities requiring medication management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telisa Spikes
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd. NE Atlanta, GA 30322-4027 , 404-493-1161
| | - Melinda Higgins
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff, School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, NE Atlanta, GA 30322-4027, office# 260 ; (office): 404-727-5180
| | - Patricia Clark
- Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St, SE Atlanta, GA 30303, , (office): 404-413-1180 & (fax): 404-413-1205
| | - Arshed Quyyumi
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322-4027, Suite 507, ; (office): 404-727-3655 & (fax): 404-712-8785
| | - Carolyn Reilly
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, NE Atlanta, GA office# 366 30322-4027, ; (office): 404-727-9658
| | - Pricilla Pemu
- Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, ; (office): 404-616-8201
| | - Sandra Dunbar
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, NE office 402B Atlanta, GA 30322-4027, ; (office): 404-727-6939
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Moore JX, Carter SJ, Williams V, Khan S, Lewis-Thames MW, Gilbert K, Howard G. Physical health composite and risk of cancer mortality in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study. Prev Med 2020; 132:105989. [PMID: 31954141 PMCID: PMC7048236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.105989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear how resting myocardial workload, as indexed by baseline measures of rate-pressure product (RPP) and physical activity (PA), is associated with the overall risk of cancer mortality. We performed prospective analyses among 28,810 men and women from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. We used a novel physical health (PH) composite index and categorized participants into one of four groups based on combinations from self-reported PA and RPP: 1) No PA and High RPP; 2) No PA and Low RPP; 3) Yes PA and High RPP; and 4) Yes PA and Low RPP. We examined the association between baseline PH composite and cancer mortality adjusted for potential confounders using Cox regression. A total of 1191 cancer deaths were observed over the 10-year observation period, with the majority being lung (26.87%) and gastrointestinal (21.49%) cancers. Even after controlling for sociodemographics, health behaviors, baseline comorbidity score, and medications, participants with No PA and High RPP had 71% greater risk of cancer mortality when compared to participants with PA and Low RPP (adjusted HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.42-2.06). These associations persisted after examining BMI, smoking, income, and gender as effect modifiers and all-cause mortality as a competing risk. Poorer physical health composite, including the novel RPP metric, was associated with a nearly 2-fold long-term risk of cancer mortality. The physical health composite has important public health implications as it provides a measure of risk beyond traditional measure of obesity and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Xavier Moore
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Stephen J Carter
- School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victoria Williams
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Saira Khan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marquita W Lewis-Thames
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keon Gilbert
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Shiba S, Shiba A. Association between non-obesity and health state among young Japanese male university students. J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:79-84. [PMID: 32082034 PMCID: PMC7008022 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The obesity rate in both males and females has been lower in Japan than in
other countries. However, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome-related risk factors is not
low when compared with that in Western countries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the
health state of young, non-obese adults in Japan. [Participants and Methods] We recruited
20 young, non-obese Japanese male university students and examined the maximum oxygen
consumption, physical activity, and components of metabolic syndrome. We evaluated the
physical activity level and dietary habits of the participants through a questionnaire
survey. [Results] The questionnaire survey revealed that 70% participants had non-standard
dietary habits, 55% did not engage in any regular exercise, and 25% were inactive. On
examination, 20% participants had at least one positive risk factor for metabolic
syndrome. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and triglyceride values
did not correlate with the body mass index of the participants; however, the values were
inversely related to the maximum oxygen consumption levels. [Conclusion] Even participants
with normal body mass index had poor dietary habits and a lack of exercise. Our results
confirmed that even non-obese Japanese individuals have certain health risks and that
having higher maximum oxygen consumption has beneficial effects in preventing the risk
factors of severe and life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Shiba
- Department of Physical Therapy, Konan Women's University: 2-23-6 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 658-0001, Japan
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Begic Z, Begic N, Begic E, Secic D, Begic S. Use of continuous holter of blood pressure in pediatric population: Single-center experience and review of literature. Res Cardiovasc Med 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/rcm.rcm_31_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ismail NA, Ragab SH, El Baky AMNEDA, Ibrahim MH. Potential Role of New Anthropometric Parameters in Childhood Obesity with or Without Metabolic Syndrome. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3930-3936. [PMID: 32165931 PMCID: PMC7061385 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese children and adolescents are more prone to have metabolic syndrome (MS).MS is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with insulin resistance. Body round index [BRI], visceral adiposity index [VAI] and a body shape index [ABSI] are among the new obesity anthropometric parameters. AIM To evaluate the new markers for obesity in children and their possible association with other laboratory and clinical variables of MS. METHODS Eighty nine obese children and 40 controls aged 10-18 years were recruited. Full history taking, thorough clinical examination, anthropometric and biochemical features were performed in the studied groups. Subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and visceral fat thickness (VFT) were estimated by ultrasonography. RESULTS Obese children, exhibited significantly higher values in all anthropometric measurements (P < 0.001). Diastolic and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the obese group. ABSI, BRI and VAI have been found to be significantly higher in obese subjects (P < 0.001), with no significant gender difference. BMI, WHtR, WC/HR, SBP, DBP, subcutaneous fat thickness and visceral fat thickness, Liver Span, ABSI, BRI, VAI and HOMA_IR were significantly higher among children with MS than those without MS. Positive significant correlations of VAI with BMI, WC/Ht, WC/Hip, SBP, DBP, SFT, VFT, Liver size and HOMA-IR (r = 0.384, 0.239, 0.268, 0.329, 0.516, 0.320, 0.254, 0.251, and 0.278 respectively) are shown. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of BMI, VAI, ABSI, BRI for predicting MS was 0.802 (0.701-0.902), 0.737 (0.33-0.841), 0.737 (0.620-0.855), 0.816 (0.698-0.934). CONCLUSION We suggest using the VAI and WHtR indexes, as they are better predictor of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shadia H Ragab
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mona Hamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
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Bayoumi NS, Helzner E, Afable A, Joseph MA, Dhuper S. A real-world evaluation of a tertiary care childhood obesity intervention to reduce metabolic risk in a hard-to-reach urban population. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:378. [PMID: 31651274 PMCID: PMC6813042 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on outcomes associated with lifestyle interventions serving pediatric populations in urban settings, where a majority have severe obesity, is scarce. This study assessed whether participation in a lifestyle intervention improved body mass index (BMI) percentile, BMI z-score, blood pressure, and lipid levels for children and adolescents. Methods The Live Light Live Right program is a lifestyle intervention that uses medical assessment, nutritional education, access to physical fitness classes, and behavioral modification to improve health outcomes. Data was analyzed for 144 subjects aged 2–19 who participated for a minimum of 12 consecutive months between 2002 and 2016. McNemar tests were used to determine differences in the proportion of participants who moved from abnormal values at baseline to normal at follow-up for a given clinical measure. Paired sample t-tests assessed differences in blood pressure and lipid levels. Multiple linear regression assessed the change in blood pressure or lipid levels associated with improvement in BMI%95 and BMI z-score. Results The majority were female (62.5%), mean age was 9.6, and 71% were Black. At baseline, 70.1% had severe obesity, systolic hypertension was present in 44, and 13.9% had diastolic hypertension. One-third had abnormally low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) at baseline, 35% had elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and 47% had abnormal total cholesterol (TC). The average difference in percentage points of BMI%95 at follow-up compared was − 3.0 (95% CI: − 5.0, − 1.1; p < 0.003). The mean difference in BMI z-score units at follow-up was − 0.15 (95% CI: − 0.2, − 0.1; p < 0.0001). Participants with systolic or diastolic hypertension had an average improvement in blood pressure of − 15.3 mmHg (p < 0.0001) and − 9.6 mmHg (p < 0.0001), respectively. There was a mean improvement of 4.4 mg/dL for participants with abnormal HDL (p < 0.001) and − 7.8 mg/dL for those with abnormal LDL at baseline (p = 0.036). For those with abnormal baseline TC, a one-unit improvement in BMI%95 was associated with a 0.61 mg/dL improvement in TC while holding constant age, contact hours, and months since enrollment (p = 0.043). Conclusions Participation in the program resulted in significant improvements in BMI percentile, BMI z-score, blood pressure, and lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla S Bayoumi
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Helzner
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Aimee Afable
- Department of Community Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Sarita Dhuper
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Okosun IS, Okosun B, Lyn R, Henry TL. Chronic medical conditions based obesity phenotypes: A two-step cluster analysis of a representative sample of obese American adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2897-2905. [PMID: 31425954 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although obesity is a heterogeneous disease, little is known regarding chronic medical conditions (CMCs) that defines variability in obese populations. The characterization of obese populations using CMCs rather than categorization using BMI alone can advance understanding of obesity. The aims of this study are to phenotype obesity in a large representative sample of non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Mexican American (MA) obese adults using CMCs, and assess relationship between resulting phenotypes and self-rated health (SRH). METHODS Sex-specific two-step cluster analysis was used to phenotype obese participants (n = 12,547) to CMC-based clusters. The prevalence of CMCs and lifestyle risk factors in each cluster was assessed. Sex and race/ethnic specific association between cluster membership and SRH was determined using odds ratio (OR) from logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Distinct subgroups of obese men and women were observed: moderate dyslipidemic healthy young obese men, hypertensive-dyslipidemic middle-age obese men, hypertensive young obese men, hypertensive-dyslipidemic-asthmatic middle-age obese men, and syndemic elderly obese men, healthy young obese women, hypertensive-dyslipidemic middle-age obese women, dyslipidemic young adult obese women, syndemic middle-age obese women, and syndemic elderly obese women. Participants in the more CMCs symptomatic clusters reported high rates of behavioral risk factors and showed significantly greater odds of poor SRH than participants in the less symptomatic clusters. Compared to obese persons who are asymptomatic for CMCs, syndemic elderly obese and women men had much higher increased ORs for poor SRH with values of 3.88 [95% CI = 2.41-6.26], 3.96 [95% CI = 1.86-8.30] and 7.25 [95% CI = 2.41-9.6] for NHW, NHB and MA men, respectively. The corresponding ORs for women are 4.08 [95% CI = 2.71-6.14], 4.01 [95% CI = 2.40-6.69], and 2.62 [95% CI = 1.32-5.19], respectively. CONCLUSION Obesity treatment and intervention should consider heterogeneity within obese persons and pay greater attention to obesity related co-morbidities and metabolic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike S Okosun
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Bryan Okosun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Rodney Lyn
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tracey L Henry
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Vandyousefi S, Goran MI, Gunderson EP, Khazaee E, Landry MJ, Ghaddar R, Asigbee FM, Davis JN. Association of breastfeeding and gestational diabetes mellitus with the prevalence of prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome in offspring of Hispanic mothers. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12515. [PMID: 30734524 PMCID: PMC7470230 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of breastfeeding (BF) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes mellitus in children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero have rarely been evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study assessed BF and GDM in relation to the prevalence of prediabetes and MetS in Hispanic children and adolescents (8-19 y). METHODS This is a longitudinal study with 229 Hispanic children (8-13 y) with overweight/obesity, family history of diabetes, and an average of four annual visits (AV). Participants were categorized as follows: never (negative for prediabetes/MetS at all AVs), ever (positive for prediabetes/MetS at any visit), intermittent (positive for prediabetes/MetS at 1-2 AVs), and persistent (positive for prediabetes/MetS at greater than or equal to 3 AVs). RESULTS Compared with GDM offspring who were not BF (referent), GDM offspring who were BF had lower odds of persistent prediabetes (OR = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04-0.82; P = 0.02) and MetS (OR = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02-0.55; P = 0.008). Compared with referent group, non-GDM offspring who were BF, and non-GDM offspring not BF had lower odds of persistent prediabetes (OR = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.39; P = 0.001; OR = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.11; P < 0.001) and MetS (OR = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04-0.59; P = 0.01 and OR = 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01-0.11; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results show BF is protective against prediabetes and MetS in offspring regardless of GDM status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Vandyousefi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael I. Goran
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica P. Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Erfan Khazaee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J. Landry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Reem Ghaddar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Fiona M. Asigbee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jaimie N. Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Desai T, Roberts M, Bottoms L. Effects of Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on cardio-metabolic markers in metabolic syndrome participants: A pilot study. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Martins AD, Majzoub A, Agawal A. Metabolic Syndrome and Male Fertility. World J Mens Health 2019; 37:113-127. [PMID: 30350486 PMCID: PMC6479081 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of conditions that have a negative impact on human health overall. Its prevalence has been rapidly increasing worldwide and has coincided with a global decrease in birth rates and fertility potential. This review aims to address this observation through studying the relationship between MetS and male reproductive health. The effects of obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance on male fertility were examined and supporting evidence explaining the pathophysiology of sperm dysfunction with each MetS component were described. Adopting a healthy lifestyle appears to be the single most important intervention to prevent the unwanted effects of MetS on men's health and fertility. Further studies addressing the components of MetS and their impact on male reproduction are required to enhance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and to propose new methods for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dias Martins
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation and Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ashok Agawal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Abdalla-Aslan R, Findler M, Levin L, Zini A, Shay B, Twig G, Almoznino G. Where periodontitis meets metabolic syndrome-The role of common health-related risk factors. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:647-656. [PMID: 30958576 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse and compare associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in periodontitis compared to control patients. METHODS This 7-year cross-sectional study retrospectively analysed medical records of 504 individuals aged 18-90 who attended the student dental clinic between 2008 and 2014. Demographics, smoking habits, blood pressure, waist circumference, as well as presence of: periodontitis, MetS, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, stroke, heart disease, cancer and psychiatric disorders were recorded. RESULTS The study population composed of 231 (45.8%) males and 273 (54.2%) females, with an average age of 55.79 ± 16.91 years. A patient profile associated with periodontitis was identified and included male sex, older age, smoking, higher smoking pack-years, abdominal obesity, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, the presence of MetS or its components, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes or diseases associated with its consequences such as ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, age and smoking retained a significant association with periodontitis, whereas the systemic disorders did not. CONCLUSIONS The association between periodontitis and MetS may be explained by shared common profile and risk factors. An appropriate risk factors management approach should be adopted by both dental and general health clinicians and health authorities, to control common high-risk behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragda Abdalla-Aslan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mordechai Findler
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oral Medicine, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Liran Levin
- Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Avraham Zini
- Department of Community Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boaz Shay
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Dr. Pinchas Bornstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Almoznino
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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¡Nosotros corremos, nosotros jugamos! [we run, we play!]: Children’s perceptions of physical activity in Mexican-origin border communities. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-0943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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