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Shafiei G, Talaei SA, Enderami SE, Mahabady MK, Mahabadi JA. Pluripotent stem cell-derived gametes: A gap for infertility treatment and reproductive medicine in the future. Tissue Cell 2025; 95:102904. [PMID: 40203683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2025.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/29/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025]
Abstract
Infertility affects 10-15 % of reproductive-age couples worldwide, with male infertility linked to sperm dysfunction and female infertility caused by ovulation disorders and reproductive abnormalities. Stem cell research presents a promising avenue for infertility treatment through germ cell differentiation. However, standardizing differentiation protocols and ensuring the functionality of in vitro-derived gametes remain significant challenges before clinical application becomes feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Shafiei
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sayyed Alireza Talaei
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.
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2
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Allouh MZ, Rizvi SFA, Alamri A, Jimoh Y, Aouda S, Ouda ZH, Hamad MIK, Perez-Cruet M, Chaudhry GR. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells from perinatal sources: biological facts, molecular biomarkers, and therapeutic promises. Stem Cell Res Ther 2025; 16:127. [PMID: 40055783 PMCID: PMC11889844 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-025-04254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/13/2025] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from perinatal tissue sources has gained attention due to their availability and lack of significant ethical or moral concerns. These cells have a higher proliferative capability than adult MSCs and less immunogenic or tumorigenesis risk than fetal and embryonic stem cells. Additionally, they do not require invasive isolation methods like fetal and adult MSCs. We reviewed the main biological and therapeutic aspects of perinatal MSCs in a three-part article. In the first part, we revised the main biological features and characteristics of MSCs and the advantages of perinatal MSCs over other types of SCs. In the second part, we provided a detailed molecular background for the main biomarkers that can be used to identify MSCs. In the final part, we appraised the therapeutic application of perinatal MSCs in four major degenerative disorders: degenerative disc disease, retinal degenerative diseases, ischemic heart disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. In conclusion, there is no single specific molecular marker to identify MSCs. We recommend using at least two positive markers of stemness (CD29, CD73, CD90, or CD105) and two negative markers (CD34, CD45, or CD14) to exclude the hematopoietic origin. Moreover, utilizing perinatal MSCs for managing degenerative diseases presents a promising therapeutic approach. This review emphasizes the significance of employing more specialized progenitor cells that originated from the perinatal MSCs. The review provides scientific evidence from the literature that applying these progenitor cells in therapeutic procedures provides a greater regenerative capacity than the original primitive MSCs. Finally, this review provides a valuable reference for researchers exploring perinatal MSCs and their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Allouh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box: 15551, Al Ain, UAE.
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Syed Faizan Ali Rizvi
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Ali Alamri
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Yusuf Jimoh
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Salma Aouda
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Zakaria H Ouda
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box: 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mohammad I K Hamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box: 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mick Perez-Cruet
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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3
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Al-Zeer MA, Lubad MA. Loss in Pluripotency Markers in Mesenchymal Stem Cells upon Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:2465-2473. [PMID: 39467689 PMCID: PMC11733544 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2406.06023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024]
Abstract
The intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis can inflict substantial damage on the host. Notably, Chlamydia infection is acknowledged for its precise modulation of diverse host signaling pathways to ensure cell survival, a phenomenon intricately connected to genetic regulatory changes in host cells. To monitor shifts in gene regulation within Chlamydia-infected cells, we employed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a naïve, primary cell model. Utilizing biochemical methods and imaging, our study discloses that acute Chlamydia infection in human MSCs leads to the downregulation of transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, suggesting a loss of pluripotency markers. Conversely, pluripotency markers in MSCs were sustained through treatment with conditioned medium from infected MSCs. Additionally, there is an augmentation in alkaline phosphatase activity, along with elevated Sox9 and CD44 mRNA expression levels observed during acute infection. A comprehensive screening for specific cell markers using touchdown PCR indicates an upregulation of mRNA for the early chondrogenesis gene Sox9 and a decrease in mRNA for the MSC marker vimentin. Real-time PCR quantification further corroborates alterations in gene expression, encompassing increased Sox9 and CD44 mRNA levels, alongside heightened alkaline phosphatase activity. In summary, the infection of MSCs with C. trachomatis induces numerous genetic deregulations, implying a potential trend towards differentiation into chondrocytes. These findings collectively underscore a targeted impact of Chlamydia on the gene regulations of host cells, carrying significant implications for the final fate and differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir A. Al-Zeer
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Abu Lubad
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
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Farag A, Koung Ngeun S, Kaneda M, Aboubakr M, Tanaka R. Optimizing Cardiomyocyte Differentiation: Comparative Analysis of Bone Marrow and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats Using 5-Azacytidine and Low-Dose FGF and IGF Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1923. [PMID: 39200387 PMCID: PMC11352160 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit multipotency, self-renewal, and immune-modulatory properties, making them promising in regenerative medicine, particularly in cardiovascular treatments. However, optimizing the MSC source and induction method of cardiac differentiation is challenging. This study compares the cardiomyogenic potential of bone marrow (BM)-MSCs and adipose-derived (AD)-MSCs using 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza) alone or combined with low doses of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF). BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs were differentiated using two protocols: 10 μmol 5-Aza alone and 10 μmol 5-Aza with 1 ng/mL FGF and 10 ng/mL IGF. Morphological, transcriptional, and translational analyses, along with cell viability assessments, were performed. Both the MSC types exhibited similar morphological changes; however, AD-MSCs achieved 70-80% confluence faster than BM-MSCs. Surface marker profiling confirmed CD29 and CD90 positivity and CD45 negativity. The differentiation protocols led to cell flattening and myotube formation, with earlier differentiation in AD-MSCs. The combined protocol reduced cell mortality in BM-MSCs and enhanced the expression of cardiac markers (MEF2c, Troponin I, GSK-3β), particularly in BM-MSCs. Immunofluorescence confirmed cardiac-specific protein expression in all the treated groups. Both MSC types exhibited the expression of cardiac-specific markers indicative of cardiomyogenic differentiation, with the combined treatment showing superior efficiency for BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sai Koung Ngeun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Mohamed Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt;
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Tahmasebi F, Asl ER, Vahidinia Z, Barati S. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs as Novel Potential Approach for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:44. [PMID: 38713302 PMCID: PMC11076329 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation and demyelination of CNS neurons. Up to now, there are many therapeutic strategies for MS but they are only being able to reduce progression of diseases and have not got any effect on repair and remyelination. Stem cell therapy is an appropriate method for regeneration but has limitations and problems. So recently, researches were used of exosomes that facilitate intercellular communication and transfer cell-to-cell biological information. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that we can used to their dysregulation in order to diseases diagnosis. The miRNAs of microvesicles obtained stem cells may change the fate of transplanted cells based on received signals of injured regions. The miRNAs existing in MSCs may be displayed the cell type and their biological activities. Current studies show also that the miRNAs create communication between stem cells and tissue-injured cells. In the present review, firstly we discuss the role of miRNAs dysregulation in MS patients and miRNAs expression by stem cells. Finally, in this study was confirmed the relationship of microRNAs involved in MS and miRNAs expressed by stem cells and interaction between them in order to find appropriate treatment methods in future for limit to disability progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elmira Roshani Asl
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
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Purbantoro SD, Taephatthanasagon T, Purwaningrum M, Hirankanokchot T, Peralta S, Fiani N, Sawangmake C, Rattanapuchpong S. Trends of regenerative tissue engineering for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction in veterinary medicine. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1325559. [PMID: 38450027 PMCID: PMC10915013 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1325559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial (OMF) defects are not limited to humans and are often encountered in other species. Reconstructing significant tissue defects requires an excellent strategy for efficient and cost-effective treatment. In this regard, tissue engineering comprising stem cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules is emerging as an innovative approach to treating OMF defects in veterinary patients. This review presents a comprehensive overview of OMF defects and tissue engineering principles to establish proper treatment and achieve both hard and soft tissue regeneration in veterinary practice. Moreover, bench-to-bedside future opportunities and challenges of tissue engineering usage are also addressed in this literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dwi Purbantoro
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teeanutree Taephatthanasagon
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Medania Purwaningrum
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Thanyathorn Hirankanokchot
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Santiago Peralta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nadine Fiani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rattanapuchpong
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ma L, He X, Wu Q. The Molecular Regulatory Mechanism in Multipotency and Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12909. [PMID: 37629090 PMCID: PMC10454700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are isolated from Wharton's jelly tissue of umbilical cords. They possess the ability to differentiate into lineage cells of three germ layers. WJ-MSCs have robust proliferative ability and strong immune modulation capacity. They can be easily collected and there are no ethical problems associated with their use. Therefore, WJ-MSCs have great tissue engineering value and clinical application prospects. The identity and functions of WJ-MSCs are regulated by multiple interrelated regulatory mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation and epigenetic modifications. In this article, we summarize the latest research progress on the genetic/epigenetic regulation mechanisms and essential signaling pathways that play crucial roles in pluripotency and differentiation of WJ-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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Ikeda N, Ishii M, Miyata H, Nishi Y, Suehiro F, Komabashiri N, Sakurai T, Nishimura M. Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of adipogenic differentiation of human maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08528-9. [PMID: 37217615 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs) exhibit a unique property of lower adipogenic potential than other bone marrow-derived MSCs. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the adipogenesis of MBMSCs remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the roles of mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating the adipogenesis of MBMSCs. METHODS AND RESULTS MBMSCs exhibited significantly lower lipid droplet formation than iliac BMSCs (IBMSCs). Moreover, the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), C/EBPδ, and early B cell factor 1 (Ebf-1), which are early adipogenic transcription factors, and those of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and C/EBPα, which are late adipogenic transcription factors, were downregulated in MBMSCs compared to those in IBMSCs. Adipogenic induction increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial biogenesis in MBMSCs and IBMSCs, with no significant difference between the two cell types; however, intracellular ROS production was significantly enhanced only in IBMSCs. Furthermore, NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression was significantly lower in MBMSCs than in IBMSCs. Increased ROS production in MBMSCs by NOX4 overexpression or treatment with menadione promoted the expression of early adipogenic transcription factors but did not induce that of late adipogenic transcription factors or lipid droplet accumulation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ROS may be partially involved in the process of MBMSC adipogenic differentiation from undifferentiated cells to immature adipocytes. This study provides important insights into the tissue-specific properties of MBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Ikeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Haruka Miyata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Fumio Suehiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Naohiro Komabashiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakurai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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9
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Baouche M, Krawczenko A, Paprocka M, Klimczak A, Mermillod P, Locatelli Y, Ochota M, Niżański W. Feline umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: Isolation and in vitro characterization from distinct parts of the umbilical cord. Theriogenology 2023; 201:116-125. [PMID: 36889011 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a particular population of cells that play an essential role in the regeneration potential of the body. As a source of MSCs, the umbilical cord (UC) has significant advantages, such as a no-risk procedure of tissue retrieval after birth and the easiness of MSCs isolation. In the presented study, the cells derived from the feline whole umbilical cord (WUC) and two separate parts of the UC tissue, including Wharton's jelly (WJ) and umbilical cord vessels (UCV), were investigated to check whether they exhibit MSCs characteristics. The cells were isolated and characterized based on their morphology, pluripotency, differentiation potential, and phenotype. In our study MSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from all UC parts; after one week of culture, the cells had a typical spindle shape consistent with MSCs morphology. Cells showed the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts and adipocytes cells. Two markers typical of MSCs (CD44, CD90) and three pluripotency markers (Oct4, SOX2 and Nanog) were expressed in all cells cultures; but no expression of (CD34, MCH II) was evidenced by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. In addition, WJ-MSCs showed the highest ability of proliferation, more significant pluripotency gene expressions, and greater differentiation potential than the cells isolated from WUC and UCV. Finally, we conclude in this study that cat MSCs derived from all the parts are valuable cells that can be efficiently used in various fields of feline regenerative medicine, but cells from WJ can offer the best clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Baouche
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krawczenko
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Paprocka
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Klimczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pascal Mermillod
- Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviors (PR China), UMR085, INRAE, CNRS, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yann Locatelli
- Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviors (PR China), UMR085, INRAE, CNRS, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Małgorzata Ochota
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Niżański
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland.
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10
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Leal Reis I, Lopes B, Sousa P, Sousa AC, Branquinho M, Caseiro AR, Pedrosa SS, Rêma A, Oliveira C, Porto B, Atayde L, Amorim I, Alvites R, Santos JM, Maurício AC. Allogenic Synovia-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Equine Tendinopathies and Desmopathies-Proof of Concept. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081312. [PMID: 37106875 PMCID: PMC10135243 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon and ligament injuries are frequent in sport horses and humans, and such injuries represent a significant therapeutic challenge. Tissue regeneration and function recovery are the paramount goals of tendon and ligament lesion management. Nowadays, several regenerative treatments are being developed, based on the use of stem cell and stem cell-based therapies. In the present study, the preparation of equine synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (eSM-MSCs) is described for clinical use, collection, transport, isolation, differentiation, characterization, and application. These cells are fibroblast-like and grow in clusters. They retain osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation potential. We present 16 clinical cases of tendonitis and desmitis, treated with allogenic eSM-MSCs and autologous serum, and we also include their evaluation, treatment, and follow-up. The concerns associated with the use of autologous serum as a vehicle are related to a reduced immunogenic response after the administration of this therapeutic combination, as well as the pro-regenerative effects from the growth factors and immunoglobulins that are part of its constitution. Most of the cases (14/16) healed in 30 days and presented good outcomes. Treatment of tendon and ligament lesions with a mixture of eSM-MSCs and autologous serum appears to be a promising clinical option for this category of lesions in equine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Leal Reis
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruna Lopes
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Sousa
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Branquinho
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Caseiro
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Avenida José R. Sousa Fernandes, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- Vasco da Gama Research Center (CIVG), University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Avenida José R. Sousa Fernandes, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rêma
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Oliveira
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Porto
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Atayde
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Alvites
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Miguel Santos
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Miyata H, Ishii M, Suehiro F, Komabashiri N, Ikeda N, Sakurai T, Nishimura M. Elucidation of adipogenic differentiation regulatory mechanism in human maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105608. [PMID: 36549198 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate the adipogenic differentiation of maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs). DESIGN MBMSCs and iliac bone marrow-derived MSCs (IBMSCs) were compared for osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. Cell surface antigen expression was examined using flow cytometry, and stem cell marker expression was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Various adipogenic regulatory factors' expression was evaluated using real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS No significant differences in cell surface antigen profiles or stem cell marker expression in MBMSCs and IBMSCs were observed. MBMSCs and IBMSCs displayed similar osteogenic and chondrogenic potentials, whereas MBMSCs showed significantly lower adipogenic potentials than those shown by IBMSCs. Expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), C/EBPδ, early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf-1), and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), which are early adipogenic differentiation factors, was suppressed in MBMSCs compared to that in IBMSCs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and C/EBPα, which play important roles in the terminal differentiation of adipocytes, was lower in MBMSCs than that in IBMSCs. Furthermore, the level of zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423), which is involved in the commitment of undifferentiated MSCs to the adipocyte lineage, was significantly lower in MBMSCs than that in IBMSCs. CONCLUSIONS MBMSCs are negatively regulated in the commitment of undifferentiated MSCs to the adipocyte lineage (preadipocytes) as well as in the terminal differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. These results may elucidate the site-specific characteristics of MBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Miyata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Fumio Suehiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Naohiro Komabashiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Nao Ikeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakurai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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12
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Oct4 facilitates chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by mediating CIP2A expression. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:11-21. [PMID: 35435493 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone development and cartilage formation require strict modulation of gene expression for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to progress through their differentiation stages. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) expression is generally restricted to developing embryonic pluripotent cells, but its role in chondrogenic differentiation (CD) of MSCs remains unclear. We therefore investigated the role of Oct4 in CD using a microarray, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. The expression of Oct4 was elevated when the CD of cultured MSCs was induced. Silencing Oct4 damaged MSC growth and proliferation and decreased CD, indicated by decreased cartilage matrix formation and the expression of Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Sox9. We found a positive correlation between the expression of CIP2A, a natural inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and that of Oct4. Cellular inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) expression gradually increased after CD. Overexpression of CIP2A in MSCs with Oct4 depletion promoted cartilage matrix deposition as well as Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Sox9 expression. The chondrogenic induction triggered c-Myc, Akt, ERK, and MEK phosphorylation and upregulated c-Myc and mTOR expression, which was downregulated upon Oct4 knockdown and restored by CIP2A overexpression. These findings indicated that Oct4 functions as an essential chondrogenesis regulator, partly via the CIP2A/PP2A pathway.
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Vainshelbaum NM, Salmina K, Gerashchenko BI, Lazovska M, Zayakin P, Cragg MS, Pjanova D, Erenpreisa J. Role of the Circadian Clock "Death-Loop" in the DNA Damage Response Underpinning Cancer Treatment Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:880. [PMID: 35269502 PMCID: PMC8909334 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the role of the circadian clock (CC) in the resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic treatments in relation to whole-genome duplication (WGD) and telomere-length regulation. The CC drives the normal cell cycle, tissue differentiation, and reciprocally regulates telomere elongation. However, it is deregulated in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the early embryo, and cancer. Here, we review the DNA damage response of cancer cells and a similar impact on the cell cycle to that found in ESCs—overcoming G1/S, adapting DNA damage checkpoints, tolerating DNA damage, coupling telomere erosion to accelerated cell senescence, and favouring transition by mitotic slippage into the ploidy cycle (reversible polyploidy). Polyploidy decelerates the CC. We report an intriguing positive correlation between cancer WGD and the deregulation of the CC assessed by bioinformatics on 11 primary cancer datasets (rho = 0.83; p < 0.01). As previously shown, the cancer cells undergoing mitotic slippage cast off telomere fragments with TERT, restore the telomeres by ALT-recombination, and return their depolyploidised offspring to telomerase-dependent regulation. By reversing this polyploidy and the CC “death loop”, the mitotic cycle and Hayflick limit count are thus again renewed. Our review and proposed mechanism support a life-cycle concept of cancer and highlight the perspective of cancer treatment by differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninel Miriam Vainshelbaum
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (N.M.V.); Latvia; (K.S.); (M.L.); (P.Z.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristine Salmina
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (N.M.V.); Latvia; (K.S.); (M.L.); (P.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Bogdan I. Gerashchenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Marija Lazovska
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (N.M.V.); Latvia; (K.S.); (M.L.); (P.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (N.M.V.); Latvia; (K.S.); (M.L.); (P.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Mark Steven Cragg
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
| | - Dace Pjanova
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (N.M.V.); Latvia; (K.S.); (M.L.); (P.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Jekaterina Erenpreisa
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (N.M.V.); Latvia; (K.S.); (M.L.); (P.Z.); (D.P.)
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Kouchakian MR, Baghban N, Moniri SF, Baghban M, Bakhshalizadeh S, Najafzadeh V, Safaei Z, Izanlou S, Khoradmehr A, Nabipour I, Shirazi R, Tamadon A. The Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:1634782. [PMID: 34745268 PMCID: PMC8566082 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1634782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population of adult stem cells, which are multipotent and possess the ability to differentiate/transdifferentiate into mesodermal and nonmesodermal cell lineages. MSCs display broad immunomodulatory properties since they are capable of secreting growth factors and chemotactic cytokines. Safety, accessibility, and isolation from patients without ethical concern make MSCs valuable sources for cell therapy approaches in autoimmune, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases. Many studies have been conducted on the application of MSCs as a new therapy, but it seems that a low percentage of them is related to clinical trials, especially completed clinical trials. Considering the importance of clinical trials to develop this type of therapy as a new treatment, the current paper is aimed at describing characteristics of MSCs and reviewing relevant clinical studies registered on the NIH database during 2016-2020 to discuss recent advances on MSC-based therapeutic approaches being used in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kouchakian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Baghban
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Farzaneh Moniri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Baghban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vahid Najafzadeh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Anatomy & Biochemistry Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zahra Safaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Amir Al Mo'menin Hospital, Amir Al Mo'menin IVF Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Safoura Izanlou
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Biofabrication of allogenic bone grafts using cellularized amniotic scaffolds for application in efficient bone healing. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101631. [PMID: 34461569 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reconstruction/regeneration of human bone injuries/defects represents a crucial challenge due to the lack of suitable bio/immune compatible and implantable biological grafts. The available strategies represent implications of several types of grafting materials in the form of metals, synthetic, and various kinds of biological scaffolds; however, the lack of appropriate biological components required for activating and enhancing repair mechanisms at the lesion-site limits their wider applicability. METHODS In this study, a unique approach for generating human osteogenic implantable grafts was developed using biofabrication technology. Using a gradient change of detergents and continuous agitation, developed a unique technique to generate completely cell-free amnion and chorion scaffolds. The absence of cellular components and integrity of biological and mechanical cues within decellularized human amnion (D-HAM) and chorion (D-HCM) were evaluated and compared with fresh membranes. Allogenic bone grafts were prepared through induction of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into osteogenic cells on D-HAM and D-HCM and evaluated for their comparative behavior at the cellular, histological and molecular levels. RESULTS The common decellularization process resulted in an efficient way to generate D-HAM and D-HCM while retaining their intact gross-anatomical architecture, surface morphology, extracellular matrix components, and mechanical properties. Both these scaffolds supported better growth of human umbilical cord blood derived MSCs as well as osteogenic differentiation. Comparative investigation revealed better growth rate and differentiation on D-HCM compared to D-HAM and control conditions. CONCLUSION D-HCM could be used as a better choice for producing suitable allogenic bone grafts for efficient bone healing applications.
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Endothelin-1 enhances the regenerative capability of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a sciatic nerve injury mouse model. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120980. [PMID: 34198163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We expanded the application of endothelin-1 (EDN1) by treating human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) organotypic spinal cord slice cultures with EDN1. EDN1-treated hMSCs significantly enhanced neuronal outgrowth. The underlying mechanism of this effect was evaluated via whole-genome methylation. EDN1 increased whole-genome demethylation and euchromatin. To observe demethylation downstream of EDN1, deaminases and glycosylases were screened, and APOBEC1 was found to cause global demethylation and OCT4 gene activation. The sequence of methyl-CpG-binding domain showed similar patterns between EDN1- and APOBEC1-induced demethylation. SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 4 (SMARC A4) and SMARC subfamily D, member 2 (SMARC D2) were screened via methyl-CpG-binding domain sequencing as a modulator in response to EDN1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of the H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H3K4me4 binding sequences on the APOBEC1 promoter was analyzed following treatment with or without siSMARC A4 or siSMARC D2. The results suggested that SMARC A4 and SMARC D2 induced a transition from H3K9me3 to H3K4me3 in the APOBEC1 promoter region following EDN1 treatment. Correlations between EDN1 pathways and therapeutic efficacy in hBM-MSCs were determined in a sciatic nerve injury mouse model. Thus, EDN1 may be a useful novel-concept bioactive peptide and biomaterial component for improving hMSC regenerative capability.
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Khalaf K, Hana D, Chou JTT, Singh C, Mackiewicz A, Kaczmarek M. Aspects of the Tumor Microenvironment Involved in Immune Resistance and Drug Resistance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656364. [PMID: 34122412 PMCID: PMC8190405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing "rogue organ" composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic and nervous systems, stroma, immune cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). These complex components, utilizing both benign and malignant cells, nurture the harsh, immunosuppressive and nutrient-deficient environment necessary for tumor cell growth, proliferation and phenotypic flexibility and variation. An important aspect of the TME is cellular crosstalk and cell-to-ECM communication. This interaction induces the release of soluble factors responsible for immune evasion and ECM remodeling, which further contribute to therapy resistance. Other aspects are the presence of exosomes contributed by both malignant and benign cells, circulating deregulated microRNAs and TME-specific metabolic patterns which further potentiate the progression and/or resistance to therapy. In addition to biochemical signaling, specific TME characteristics such as the hypoxic environment, metabolic derangements, and abnormal mechanical forces have been implicated in the development of treatment resistance. In this review, we will provide an overview of tumor microenvironmental composition, structure, and features that influence immune suppression and contribute to treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Khalaf
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Doris Hana
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jadzia Tin-Tsen Chou
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Chandpreet Singh
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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van Vliet T, Casciaro F, Demaria M. To breathe or not to breathe: Understanding how oxygen sensing contributes to age-related phenotypes. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101267. [PMID: 33556549 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue integrity and functionality due to disrupted homeostasis. Molecular oxygen is pivotal to maintain tissue functions, and aerobic species have evolved a sophisticated sensing system to ensure proper oxygen supply and demand. It is not surprising that aberrations in oxygen and oxygen-associated pathways subvert health and promote different aspects of aging. In this review, we discuss emerging findings on how oxygen-sensing mechanisms regulate different cellular and molecular processes during normal physiology, and how dysregulation of oxygen availability lead to disease and aging. We describe various clinical manifestations associated with deregulation of oxygen balance, and how oxygen-modulating therapies and natural oxygen oscillations influence longevity. We conclude by discussing how a better understanding of oxygen-related mechanisms that orchestrate aging processes may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to extend healthy aging.
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Li K, Jiang Y, Yang Z, Heng BC, Tian H, Ge Z. Can Upregulation of Pluripotency Genes Enhance Stemness of Mesenchymal Stem Cells? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1505-1507. [PMID: 33877573 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yangzi Jiang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, SAR, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zigang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Lu J, Xie ZY, Zhu DH, Li LJ. Human menstrual blood-derived stem cells as immunoregulatory therapy in COVID-19: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:1705-1713. [PMID: 33728315 PMCID: PMC7942055 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i7.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel coronavirus 2019 in December 2019 has spread all around the globe and has caused a pandemic. There is still no current effective guidance on the clinical management of COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has been shown to be one of the therapeutic approaches to alleviate pneumonia and symptoms through their immunomo-dulatory effect in COVID-19 patients.
CASE SUMMARY We describe the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Hangzhou to explore the role of human menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) in the treatment of COVID-19. Moreover, we review the immunomodulation effect including non-specific and specific immune functions of MenSCs for the therapy of COVID-19.
CONCLUSION MenSCs can be helpful to find a promising therapeutic approach for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan-Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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21
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Hatzmann FM, Ejaz A, Wiegers GJ, Mandl M, Brucker C, Lechner S, Rauchenwald T, Zwierzina M, Baumgarten S, Wagner S, Mattesich M, Waldegger P, Pierer G, Zwerschke W. Quiescence, Stemness and Adipogenic Differentiation Capacity in Human DLK1 -/CD34 +/CD24 + Adipose Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020214. [PMID: 33498986 PMCID: PMC7912596 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the status of quiescence, stemness and adipogenic differentiation capacity in adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) ex vivo, immediately after isolation from human subcutaneous white adipose tissue, by sorting the stromal vascular fraction into cell-surface DLK1+/CD34−, DLK1+/CD34dim and DLK1−/CD34+ cells. We demonstrate that DLK1−/CD34+ cells, the only population exhibiting proliferative and adipogenic capacity, express ex vivo the bonafide quiescence markers p21Cip1, p27Kip1 and p57Kip2 but neither proliferation markers nor the senescence marker p16Ink4a. The pluripotency markers NANOG, SOX2 and OCT4 are barely detectable in ex vivo ASCs while the somatic stemness factors, c-MYC and KLF4 and the early adipogenic factor C/EBPβ are highly expressed. Further sorting of ASCs into DLK1−/CD34+/CD24− and DLK1−/CD34+/CD24+ fractions shows that KLF4 and c-MYC are higher expressed in DLK1−/CD34+/CD24+ cells correlating with higher colony formation capacity and considerably lower adipogenic activity. Proliferation capacity is similar in both populations. Next, we show that ASCs routinely isolated by plastic-adherence are DLK1−/CD34+/CD24+. Intriguingly, CD24 knock-down in these cells reduces proliferation and adipogenesis. In conclusion, DLK1−/CD34+ ASCs in human sWAT exist in a quiescent state, express high levels of somatic stemness factors and the early adipogenic transcription factor C/EBPβ but senescence and pluripotency markers are barely detectable. Moreover, our data indicate that CD24 is necessary for adequate ASC proliferation and adipogenesis and that stemness is higher and adipogenic capacity lower in DLK1−/CD34+/CD24+ relative to DLK1−/CD34+/CD24− subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M. Hatzmann
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - G. Jan Wiegers
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Markus Mandl
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Camille Brucker
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Lechner
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Tina Rauchenwald
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.R.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Marit Zwierzina
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.R.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Saphira Baumgarten
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Sonja Wagner
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.R.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Petra Waldegger
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pierer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.R.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.H.); (A.E.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-507508-32; Fax: +43-512-507508-99
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22
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Dingle M, Fernicola SD, de Vasconcellos JF, Zicari S, Daniels C, Dunn JC, Dimtchev A, Nesti LJ. Characterization of traumatized muscle-derived multipotent progenitor cells from low-energy trauma. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 33407850 PMCID: PMC7788846 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multipotent progenitor cells have been harvested from different human tissues, including the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood. Previously, we identified a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) isolated from the traumatized muscle of patients undergoing reconstructive surgery following a war-related blast injury. These cells demonstrated the ability to differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages. While distal radius fractures from a civilian setting have a much lower injury mechanism (low-energy trauma), we hypothesized that debrided traumatized muscle near the fracture site would contain multipotent progenitor cells with the ability to differentiate and regenerate the injured tissue. Methods The traumatized muscle was debrided from the pronator quadratus in patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation for a distal radius fracture at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Using a previously described protocol for the isolation of MPCs from war-related extremity injuries, cells were harvested from the low-energy traumatized muscle samples and expanded in culture. Isolated cells were characterized by flow cytometry and q-RT-PCRs and induced to adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. Downstream analyses consisted of lineage-specific staining and q-RT-PCR. Results Cells isolated from low-energy traumatized muscle samples were CD73+, CD90+, and CD105+ that are the characteristic of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. These cells expressed high levels of the stem cell markers OCT4 and NANOG 1-day after isolation, which was dramatically reduced over-time in monolayer culture. Following induction, lineage-specific markers were demonstrated by each specific staining and confirmed by gene expression analysis, demonstrating the ability of these cells to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Conclusions Adult multipotent progenitor cells are an essential component for the success of regenerative medicine efforts. While MPCs have been isolated and characterized from severely traumatized muscle from high-energy injuries, here, we report that cells with similar characteristics and multipotential capacity have been isolated from the tissue that was exposed to low-energy, community trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Dingle
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Stephen D Fernicola
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Jaira F de Vasconcellos
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Sonia Zicari
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Christopher Daniels
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - John C Dunn
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX, 79920, USA
| | - Alexander Dimtchev
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Leon J Nesti
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
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23
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de la Torre P, Flores AI. Current Status and Future Prospects of Perinatal Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:6. [PMID: 33374593 PMCID: PMC7822425 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a temporary organ that is discarded after birth and is one of the most promising sources of various cells and tissues for use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, both in experimental and clinical settings. The placenta has unique, intrinsic features because it plays many roles during gestation: it is formed by cells from two individuals (mother and fetus), contributes to the development and growth of an allogeneic fetus, and has two independent and interacting circulatory systems. Different stem and progenitor cell types can be isolated from the different perinatal tissues making them particularly interesting candidates for use in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The primary source of perinatal stem cells is cord blood. Cord blood has been a well-known source of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells since 1974. Biobanked cord blood has been used to treat different hematological and immunological disorders for over 30 years. Other perinatal tissues that are routinely discarded as medical waste contain non-hematopoietic cells with potential therapeutic value. Indeed, in advanced perinatal cell therapy trials, mesenchymal stromal cells are the most commonly used. Here, we review one by one the different perinatal tissues and the different perinatal stem cells isolated with their phenotypical characteristics and the preclinical uses of these cells in numerous pathologies. An overview of clinical applications of perinatal derived cells is also described with special emphasis on the clinical trials being carried out to treat COVID19 pneumonia. Furthermore, we describe the use of new technologies in the field of perinatal stem cells and the future directions and challenges of this fascinating and rapidly progressing field of perinatal cells and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana I. Flores
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avda. Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
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24
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Midha S, Jain KG, Bhaskar N, Kaur A, Rawat S, Giri S, Basu B, Mohanty S. Tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cell-dependent osteogenesis in highly porous chitosan-based bone analogs. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:303-319. [PMID: 33049125 PMCID: PMC7848378 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among conventional fabrication techniques, freeze‐drying process has widely been investigated for polymeric implants. However, the understanding of the stem cell progenitor‐dependent cell functionality modulation and quantitative analysis of early osseointegration of highly porous scaffolds have not been explored. Here, we developed a novel, highly porous, multimaterial composite, chitosan/hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone (CHT/HA/PCL). The in vitro studies have been performed using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from three tissue sources: human bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs), adipose‐derived MSCs (AD‐MSCs), and Wharton's jelly‐derived MSCs (WJ‐MSCs). Although cell attachment and metabolic activity [3‐4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl‐(2,5 diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazoliumbromide) assay] were ore enhanced in WJ‐MSC‐laden CHT/HA/PCL composites, scanning electron microscopy, real‐time gene expression (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], collagen type I [Col I], osteocalcin [OCN], and bone morphogenetic protein 4 [BMP‐4]), and immunostaining (COL I, β‐CATENIN, OCN, and SCLEROSTIN [SOST]) demonstrated pronounced osteogenesis with terminal differentiation on BM‐MSC‐laden CHT/HA/PCL composites only. The enhanced cell functionality on CHT/HA/PCL composites was explained in terms of interplay among the surface properties and the optimal source of MSCs. In addition, osteogenesis in rat tibial model over 6 weeks confirmed a better ratio of bone volume to the total volume for BM‐MSC‐laden composites over scaffold‐only and defect‐only groups. The clinically conformant combination of 3D porous architecture with pore sizes varying in the range of 20 to 200 μm together with controlled in vitro degradation and early osseointegration establish the potential of CHT/HA/PCL composite as a potential cancellous bone analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Midha
- Stem Cell Facility (Department of Biotechnology-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishan G Jain
- Stem Cell Facility (Department of Biotechnology-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitu Bhaskar
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Amtoj Kaur
- Stem Cell Facility (Department of Biotechnology-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonali Rawat
- Stem Cell Facility (Department of Biotechnology-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibashish Giri
- Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Medical faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility (Department of Biotechnology-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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25
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Zolfaghar M, Mirzaeian L, Beiki B, Naji T, Moini A, Eftekhari-Yazdi P, Akbarinejad V, Vernengo AJ, Fathi R. Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into oocyte like cells in vitro by follicular fluid and cumulus cells conditioned medium. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04992. [PMID: 33088934 PMCID: PMC7560581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly derived-mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) have a same developmental origin with primordial germ cells. WJ-MSCs perhaps differentiate into oocyte and germ like-cells (OLCs/GLCs) in the presence of appropriate inducers. Human follicular fluid (FF) and cumulus cells conditioned medium (CCM) are naturally rich sources for oocyte development. The aim of this study was to evaluate WJ-MSCs potential for differentiating into OLCs and GLCs exposed to FF and CCM. WJ-MSCs were cultured in two different induction media (10% FF, 10% CCM) for 21 days. Morphological changes and expression of developmental genes were evaluated on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of culture. Also, on 21st day of culture, the expression of oocyte and germ cell proteins investigated using immunofluorescence staining. Appearance of round shaped cells from 7th day onwards indicated that WJ-MSCs can differentiate into OLCs when exposed to FF and CCM. The size of produced OLCs and expression of oocyte specific genes and proteins were increased more positively in FF group rather than CCM group. Although, WJ-MSCs could differentiate into OLCs by FF and CCM, however, the induction potential of FF for producing OLCs was better than CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Zolfaghar
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, IAUPS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mirzaeian
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Beiki
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Naji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, IAUPS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Akbarinejad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea J Vernengo
- Rowan University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Investigating the expression of pluripotency-related genes in human amniotic fluid cells: A semi-quantitative comparison between different subpopulations, from primary to cultured amniocytes. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:338-347. [PMID: 32518050 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Various classifications have been proposed for human amniotic subpopulations, including classification of spindle-shaped (SS) and round-shaped (RS) cells, as well as the more referred triple-category of epithelioid (E-type) cells, amniotic fluid-specific (AF-type) cells and fibroblastoid (F-type) cells. The present study aims to investigate these amniotic subpopulations regarding the expression of some stem cell markers, including OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, C-KIT (CD117), C-MYC, KLF4, and THY1 (CD90). Flow cytometry was performed to characterize the isolated clonal subpopulations for a hematopoietic and a mesenchymal marker using PE-CD31 and FITC-CD90, respectively. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis was carried out on the isolates in the second half of their lifespan when the cells were at the stationary phase of the growth curve. Characterization of isolated cells demonstrated that all clones including both epithelioid and fibroblastoid cells, had mesenchymal, not hematopoietic, lineage. RT-PCR analysis also revealed a higher expression of the target genes in epithelioid cells. Furthermore, the expression pattern of the genes and their correlations were remarkably different between primary- and long term-cultured amniocytes. Taken together, our results showed that the primary-cultured cells express the stemness genes equally, whereas the long term-cultured amniocytes exhibited a highly variable manner in the expression pattern of the genes. Diverse derivation site of amniocytes and individual genetic background can potentially explain the observed variation in the expression level of the target genes. These can also explain why amniocytes differ in many respects observed in our study, including survival rate, plastic adhesion, and growth characteristics.
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27
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Garzon I, Chato-Astrain J, Campos F, Fernandez-Valades R, Sanchez-Montesinos I, Campos A, Alaminos M, D'Souza RN, Martin-Piedra MA. Expanded Differentiation Capability of Human Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells Toward Pluripotency: A Systematic Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:301-312. [PMID: 32085697 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human Wharton's jelly stem cells (HWJSC) can be efficiently isolated from the umbilical cord, and numerous reports have demonstrated that these cells can differentiate into several cell lineages. This fact, coupled with the high proliferation potential of HWJSC, makes them a promising source of stem cells for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, their real potentiality has not been established to date. In the present study, we carried out a systematic review to determine the multilineage differentiation potential of HWJSC. After a systematic literature search, we selected 32 publications focused on the differentiation potential of these cells. Analysis of these studies showed that HWJSC display expanded differentiation potential toward some cell types corresponding to all three embryonic cell layers (ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal), which is consistent with their constitutive expression of key pluripotency markers such as OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG, and the embryonic marker SSEA4. We conclude that HWJSC can be considered cells in an intermediate state between multipotentiality and pluripotentiality, since their proliferation capability is not unlimited and differentiation to all cell types has not been demonstrated thus far. These findings support the clinical use of HWJSC for the treatment of diseases affecting not only mesoderm-type tissues but also other cell lineages. Impact statement Human Wharton's jelly stem cells (HWJSC) are mesenchymal stem cells that are easy to isolate and handle, and that readily proliferate. Their wide range of differentiation capabilities supports the view that these cells can be considered pluripotent. Accordingly, HWJSC are one of the most promising cell sources for clinical applications in advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garzon
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,ibs.GRANADA, Biohealth Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Chato-Astrain
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,ibs.GRANADA, Biohealth Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,ibs.GRANADA, Biohealth Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Fernandez-Valades
- ibs.GRANADA, Biohealth Institute, Granada, Spain.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Granada Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - Indalecio Sanchez-Montesinos
- ibs.GRANADA, Biohealth Institute, Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,ibs.GRANADA, Biohealth Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,ibs.GRANADA, Biohealth Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Rena N D'Souza
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Miguel A Martin-Piedra
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,ibs.GRANADA, Biohealth Institute, Granada, Spain
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Zhou S, Fu Y, Zhang XB, Pei M. Liver Kinase B1 Fine-Tunes Lineage Commitment of Human Fetal Synovium-Derived Stem Cells. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:258-268. [PMID: 31429977 PMCID: PMC7294510 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a serine/threonine protein, is a key regulator in stem cell function and energy metabolism. Herein, we describe the role of LKB1 in modulating the differentiation of synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) toward chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic lineages. Human fetal SDSCs were transduced with CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9)-single-guide RNA vectors to knockout or lentiviral vectors to overexpress the LKB1 gene. Analyses including ICE (Inference of CRISPR Edits) data from Sanger sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as well as Western blot demonstrated successful knockout (KO) or overexpression (OE) of LKB1 in human fetal SDSCs without any detectable side effects in morphology, proliferation rate, and cell cycle. LKB1 KO increased CD146 expression; interestingly, LKB1 OE increased SSEA4 level. The qPCR data showed that LKB1 KO upregulated the levels of SOX2 and NANOG while LKB1 OE lowered the expression of POU5F1 and KLF4. Furthermore, LKB1 KO enhanced, and LKB1 OE inhibited, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. However, perhaps due to the inherent inability to achieve osteogenesis, LKB1 did not obviously affect osteogenic differentiation. These data demonstrate that LKB1 plays a significant role in determining human SDSCs' adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, which might provide an approach for fine-tuning the direction of stem cell differentiation in tissue engineering and regeneration. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:258-268, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA,Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yawen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA,Co-corresponding author: Xiao-Bing Zhang, PhD. Division of Regenerative Medicine MC1528B, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. Phone: 909-651-5886. Fax: 909-558-0428.
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA,WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA,Corresponding author: Ming Pei MD, PhD, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA, Telephone: 304-293-1072; Fax: 304-293-7070;
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Zhu S, Liu Z, Yuan C, Lin Y, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhang C, Wang P, Gu M. Bidirectional ephrinB2‑EphB4 signaling regulates the osteogenic differentiation of canine periodontal ligament stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:897-909. [PMID: 31985015 PMCID: PMC7015143 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ephrinB2 gene-transfected canine periodontal ligament stem cells (cPDLSCs) on the regulation of osteogenic differentiation. cPDLSCs were transfected with a transgenic null-control green fluorescent protein (GFP) vector (termed Vector-cPDLSCs) or with NFNB2 GFP-Blasticidin (termed EfnB2-cPDLSCs). Subsequently, the osteogenic differentiation of Vector-cPDLSCs and EfnB2-cPDLSCs was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and Alizarin Red S staining. The migratory abilities of cPDLSCs, Vector-cPDLSCs and EfnB2-cPDLSCs were also assessed. Following osteogenic induction of Vector-cPDLSCs and EfnB2-cPDLSCs, the protein expression levels of collagen I, Runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, ephrin type-B receptor 4 (EphB4), phospho-EphB4, ephrinB2 and phosphoephrinB2 were analyzed by western blot assays. Following gene transfection, the RT-qPCR and western blotting results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of ephrinB2, respectively, were significantly increased in EfnB2-cPDLSCs compared with that in Vector-cPDLSCs (P<0.05). ALP and Alizarin Red S staining assays revealed increased ALP activity and mineralization nodules, respectively, in EfnB2-cPDLSCs. Cell proliferation and migration assays revealed that EfnB2-cPDLSCs exhibited enhanced proliferation and migration compared with Vector-cPDLSCs (P<0.05). In conclusion, the findings of the current study indicated that ephrinB2 gene-modified cPDLSCs exhibited enhanced osteogenic differentiation, with the ephrinB2 reverse signaling and EphB4 forward signaling pathways serving a key role in this process. Furthermore, ephrinB2 gene modification was observed to promote the migration and proliferation of cPDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyue Zhu
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Zongxiang Liu
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Changyong Yuan
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Wang
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Penglai Wang
- Dental Implant Center, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Min Gu
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
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Vašíček J, Kováč M, Baláži A, Kulíková B, Tomková M, Olexiková L, Čurlej J, Bauer M, Schnabl S, Hilgarth M, Hubmann R, Shehata M, Makarevich AV, Chrenek P. Combined approach for characterization and quality assessment of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells intended for gene banking. N Biotechnol 2019; 54:1-12. [PMID: 31400479 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) are promising agents for the preservation of genetic biodiversity in domestic rabbit breeds. However, rMSCs must meet certain requirements to be used for cryopreservation in animal gene banks. Currently, there are numerous discrepancies in the published data regarding the rMSC phenotype, which may complicate efforts to evaluate their purity and suitability for reuse after cryopreservation in gene and tissue banks. We propose a combined approach (flow cytometry, PCR, differentiation and ultrastructure studies) for the characterization and recovery of rMSCs after cryopreservation. Flow cytometric analyses of rMSCs confirmed the expression of CD29, CD44, vimentin, desmin and α-SMA. RT-PCR revealed the expression of other markers at the mRNA level (SSEA-4, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146 and CD166). rMSCs showed efficient multilineage differentiation into adipo-, chondro- and osteogenic lineages, SOX2 expression (pluripotency) and typical MSC morphology and ultrastructure. The confirmed rMSCs were subsequently used for cryopreservation. Efficient recovery of rMSCs after cryogenic freezing was demonstrated by high cell viability, normal ultrastructure of reseeded rMSCs, high expression of CD29 and CD44 and lineage differentiation capacity. The proposed combined approach could be used for characterization, cryopreservation and recovery of rMSCs as genetic resources for native rabbit breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromír Vašíček
- NPPC - Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic; Research Centre AgroBioTech, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Michal Kováč
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Baláži
- NPPC - Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Kulíková
- NPPC - Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Tomková
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Olexiková
- NPPC - Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Čurlej
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Bauer
- NPPC - Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Susanne Schnabl
- Department, of Internal Medicine I, Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Drug and Target Screening Unit DTSU, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Martin Hilgarth
- Department, of Internal Medicine I, Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Drug and Target Screening Unit DTSU, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Rainer Hubmann
- Department, of Internal Medicine I, Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Drug and Target Screening Unit DTSU, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Medhat Shehata
- Department, of Internal Medicine I, Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Drug and Target Screening Unit DTSU, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Alexander V Makarevich
- NPPC - Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Chrenek
- NPPC - Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Wang D, Berg D, Ba H, Sun H, Wang Z, Li C. Deer antler stem cells are a novel type of cells that sustain full regeneration of a mammalian organ-deer antler. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:443. [PMID: 31165741 PMCID: PMC6549167 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deer antlers are extraordinary mammalian organs that can fully regenerate annually. Antler renewal is a stem cell-based epimorphic process and antler stem (AS) cells can initiate de novo generation of antlers in postnatal mammals. However, although being called stem cells, the AS cells have not been characterized at molecular level based on the stem cell criteria. Comprehensive characterization of the AS cells would undoubtedly help to decipher the mechanism underlying the full regeneration of deer antlers, the only case of stem cell-based epimorphic regeneration in mammals. In the present study, three types of AS cells (antlerogenic periosteal cells APCs, for initial pedicle and first antler formation; pedicle periosteal cells PPC, for annual antler regeneration; and reserve mesenchyme cells RMCs, for rapid antler growth), were isolated for comprehensive molecular characterization. A horn-growth-related gene, RXFP2, was found to be expressed only in AS cells lineages but not in the facial periosteal cells (FPCs, locates geographically in the vicinity of the APCs or PPCs), suggesting the RXFP2 might be a specific marker for the AS cell lineage in deer. Our results demonstrated that AS cells expressed classic MSC markers including surface markers CD73, CD90, CD105 and Stro-1. They also expressed some of the markers including Tert, Nestin, S100A4, nucleostemin and C-Myc, suggesting that they have some attributes of the ESCs. Microinjection of male APC into deer blastocysts resulted in one female foetus (110 days gestation) recovered with obvious pedicle primordia with both male and female genotype detected in the ovary. In conclusion, the AS cells should be defined as MSCs but with partial attributes of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Debbie Berg
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Agricultural Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - Hengxing Ba
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, China.
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600, China.
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Potential Effect of SOX2 on the Cell Cycle of Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells (WJSCs). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5084689. [PMID: 31281582 PMCID: PMC6589191 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5084689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The connective tissue of the umbilical cord contains stem cells called Wharton's jelly cells. These cells express core transcription factors (NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2). The protein product of the SOX2 gene controls the cell cycle by interacting with cyclin D (directly and indirectly) and cycle inhibitors—p21 and p27, as well as two E2f3 protein isoforms. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of SOX2 on the cell cycle of stem cells of Wharton's jelly. The material for the study was the stem cells of Wharton's jelly isolated from 20 umbilical cords collected during childbirth. The stem cells collected were subjected to cytometric analysis, cell culture, and RNA isolation. cDNA was the starting material for the analysis of gene expression: SOX2, CCND1, CDK4, and CDKN1B. The studies indicate a high proliferative potential of the Wharton's jelly stem cells and the inhibitory effect of SOX2 on the expression of the CCND1 and CDK4 gene.
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Kuan II, Lee CC, Chen CH, Lu J, Kuo YS, Wu HC. The extracellular domain of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) enhances multipotency of mesenchymal stem cells through EGFR-LIN28-LET7 signaling. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7769-7786. [PMID: 30926604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely considered to be an attractive cell source for regenerative therapies, but maintaining multipotency and self-renewal in cultured MSCs is especially challenging. Hence, the development and mechanistic description of strategies that help promote multipotency in MSCs will be vital to future clinical use. Here, using an array of techniques and approaches, including cell biology, RT-quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and ChIP assays, we show that the extracellular domain of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) (EpEX) significantly increases the levels of pluripotency factors through a signaling cascade that includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and Lin-28 homolog A (LIN28) and enhances the proliferation of human bone marrow MSCs. Moreover, we found that EpEX-induced LIN28 expression reduces the expression of the microRNA LET7 and up-regulates that of the transcription factor high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), which activates the transcription of pluripotency factors. Surprisingly, we found that EpEX treatment also enhances osteogenesis of MSCs under differentiation conditions, as evidenced by increases in osteogenic markers, including Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Taken together, our results indicate that EpEX stimulates EGFR signaling and thereby context-dependently controls MSC states and activities, promoting cell proliferation and multipotency under maintenance conditions and osteogenesis under differentiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-I Kuan
- From the Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology and
| | - Chi-Chiu Lee
- From the Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology and
| | - Chien-Hsu Chen
- From the Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology and
| | - Jean Lu
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and
| | - Yuan-Sung Kuo
- the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- From the Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology and .,Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and
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Zubareva EV, Nadezhdin SV, Burda YE, Nadezhdina NA, Gashevskaya A. Pleiotropic effects of Erythropoietin. Influence of Erythropoietin on processes of mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.5.33457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure and synthesis of Erythropoietin: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone.Recombinant Erythropoietin (Epoetin): Human recombinant erythropoietin is characterised as a factor which stimulates differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursor cells, and as a tissue protective factor.Anti-ischemic effects of recombinant Erythropoietin: Erythropoietin is one of the most perspective humoral agents which are involved in the preconditioning phenomenon.Erythropoietin receptors and signal transduction pathways: Erythropoietin effects on cells through their interconnection with erythropoietin receptors, which triggers complex intracellular signal cascades, such as JAK2/STAT signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways.Mechanisms of the effect of Erythropoietin on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and tissues: In addition to regulation of haemopoiesis, erythropoietin mediates bone formation as it has an effect on hematopoietic stem cells and osteoblastic niche, and this illustrates connection between the processes of haematopoiesis and osteopoiesis which take place in the red bone marrow.The effect of Erythropoietin on mesenchymal stem cells and process of bone tissue formation: Erythropoietin promotes mesenchymal stem cells proliferation, migration and differentiation in osteogenic direction. The evidence of which is expression of bone phenotype by cells under the influence of EPO, including activation of bone specific transcription factors Runx2, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein.Conclusion: Erythropoietin has a pleiotropic effect on various types of cells and tissues. But the mechanisms which are involved in the process of bone tissue restoration via erythropoietin are still poorly understood.
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Muniswami DM, Reddy LVK, Venkatesh K, Babu S, Sen D. Neuropotency and Neurotherapeutic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cell’s Secretome. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Duan W, Lopez MJ. Effects of enzyme and cryoprotectant concentrations on yield of equine adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells. Am J Vet Res 2019; 79:1100-1112. [PMID: 30256145 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.10.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of various concentrations of collagenase and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on yield of equine adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells (ASCs) before and after cryopreservation. SAMPLE Supragluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue from 7 Thoroughbreds. PROCEDURES Tissues were incubated with digests containing 0.1%, 0.05%, or 0.025% type I collagenase. Part of each resulting stromal vascular fraction was cryopreserved in 80% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% DMSO, and 10% Dulbecco modified Eagle medium F-12 and in 95% FBS and 5% DMSO. Half of each fresh and cryopreserved heterogeneous cell population was not immunophenotyped (unsorted) or was immunophenotyped for CD44+, CD105+, and major histocompatability complex class II (MHCII; CD44+-CD105+-MHCII+ cells and CD44+-CD105+-MHCII- cells). Cell proliferation (cell viability assay), plasticity (CFU frequency), and lineage-specific target gene and oncogene expression (reverse transcriptase PCR assays) were determined in passage 1 cells before and after culture in induction media. RESULTS Digestion with 0.1% collagenase yielded the highest number of nucleated cells. Cell surface marker expression and proliferation rate were not affected by collagenase concentration. Cryopreservation reduced cell expansion rate and CD44+-CD105+-MHCII- CFUs; it also reduced osteogenic plasticity of unsorted cells. However, effects appeared to be unrelated to DMSO concentrations. There were also variable effects on primordial gene expression among cell isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results supported the use of 0.1% collagenase in an adipose tissue digest and 5% DMSO in cryopreservation medium for isolation and cryopreservation, respectively, of equine ASCs. These results may be used as guidelines for standardization of isolation and cryopreservation procedures for equine ASCs.
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37
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Watson ATD, Nordberg RC, Loboa EG, Kullman SW. Evidence for Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Osteoblast Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:145-156. [PMID: 30203000 PMCID: PMC6317429 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) maintain the ability to differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, or osteogenic cell lineages. There is increasing concern that exposure to environmental agents such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, may perturb the osteogenic pathways responsible for normal bone formation. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the potential of the prototypic AhR ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to disrupt osteogenic differentiation of human bone-derived MSCs (hBMSCs) in vitro. Primary hBMSCs from three donors were exposed to 10 nM TCDD and differentiation was interrogated using select histological, biochemical, and transcriptional markers of osteogenesis. Exposure to 10 nM TCDD resulted in an overall consistent attenuation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization at terminal stages of differentiation in primary hBMSCs. At the transcriptional level, the transcriptional regulator DLX5 and additional osteogenic markers (ALP, OPN, and IBSP) displayed attenuated expression; conversely, FGF9 and FGF18 were consistently upregulated in each donor. Expression of stem cell potency markers SOX2, NANOG, and SALL4 decreased in the osteogenic controls, whereas expression in TCDD-treated cells resembled that of undifferentiated cells. Coexposure with the AhR antagonist GNF351 blocked TCDD-mediated attenuation of matrix mineralization, and either fully or partially rescued expression of genes associated with osteogenic regulation, extracellular matrix, and/or maintenance of multipotency. Thus, experimental evidence from this study suggests that AhR transactivation likely attenuates osteoblast differentiation in multipotent hBMSCs. This study also underscores the use of primary human MSCs to evaluate osteoinductive or osteotoxic potential of chemical and pharmacologic agents in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- AtLee T D Watson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Rachel C Nordberg
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 and Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 and Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Seth W Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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Assis RIF, Wiench M, Silvério KG, da Silva RA, Feltran GDS, Sallum EA, Casati MZ, Nociti FH, Andia DC. RG108 increases NANOG and OCT4 in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells through global changes in DNA modifications and epigenetic activation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207873. [PMID: 30507955 PMCID: PMC6277091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are important for tissue regeneration but their epigenetic regulation is not well understood. Here we investigate the ability of a non-nucleoside DNA methylation inhibitor, RG108 to induce epigenetic changes at both global and gene-specific levels in order to enhance mesenchymal cell markers, in hBMSCs. hBMSCs were treated with complete culture medium, 50 μM RG108 and DMSO for three days and subjected to viability and apoptosis assays, global and gene-specific methylation/hydroxymethylation, transcript levels’ analysis of epigenetic machinery enzymes and multipotency markers, protein activities of DNMTs and TETs, immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis for NANOG and OCT4 and flow cytometry for CD105. The RG108, when used at 50 μM, did not affect the viability, apoptosis and proliferation rates of hBMSCs or hydroxymethylation global levels while leading to 75% decrease in DNMTs activity and 42% loss of global DNA methylation levels. In addition, DNMT1 was significantly downregulated while TET1 was upregulated, potentially contributing to the substantial loss of methylation observed. Most importantly, the mesenchymal cell markers CD105, NANOG and OCT4 were upregulated being NANOG and OCT4 epigenetically modulated by RG108, at their gene promoters. We propose that RG108 could be used for epigenetic modulation, promoting epigenetic activation of NANOG and OCT4, without affecting the viability of hBMSCs. DMSO can be considered a modulator of epigenetic machinery enzymes, although with milder effect compared to RG108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahyza I. F. Assis
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Malgorzata Wiench
- School of Dentistry, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karina G. Silvério
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. da Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Botucatu,São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geórgia da Silva Feltran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Botucatu,São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enilson A. Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Z. Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco H. Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise C. Andia
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Epigenetics, School of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Li J, Chen T, Huang X, Zhao Y, Wang B, Yin Y, Cui Y, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Wang X, Wang Y, Dai J. Substrate-independent immunomodulatory characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells in three-dimensional culture. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206811. [PMID: 30408051 PMCID: PMC6224081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play important roles in tissue regeneration, and multi-lineage differentiation and immunomodulation are two major characteristics of MSCs that are utilized in stem cell therapy. MSCs in vivo have a markedly different three-dimensional (3D) niche compared to the traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture in vitro. A 3D scaffold is predicted to provide an artificial 3D environment similar to the in vivo environment. Significant changes in MSC differentiation are shown to be occurred when under 3D culture. However, the immunomodulatory characteristics of MSCs under 3D culture remain unknown. In this study, 3D culture systems were constructed using different substrates to evaluate the common immunomodulatory characteristics of MSCs. Compared to the MSCs under 2D culture, the MSCs under 3D culture, which had higher stemness and maintained cell phenotype, showed altered immunophenotypic pattern. Gene expression profile analysis at mRNA and protein level detected by gene chip and protein chip, respectively, further revealed the difference between 3D cultured MSCs and 2D cultured MSCs, which was mainly concentrated in the immunoregulation related aspects. Moreover, the immunoregulatory role of 3D culture was confirmed by our immunosuppressive experiments. These findings demonstrated that the immunomodulatory capacities of MSCs were enhanced by the 3D geometry of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshan Zhao
- Institute of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Aghajani F, Kazemnejad S, Hooshmand T, Ghaempanah Z, Zarnani AH. Evaluation of immunophenotyping, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of SSEA-4 positive stem cells derived from pulp of deciduous teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:201-207. [PMID: 30296654 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the increased interest in stem cells isolated from remnant pulp of deciduous teeth, no specific marker has been yet established for them. The present study aimed to investigate whether SSEA-4 (stage-specific embryonic antigen) would be a suitable marker to isolate stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHEDs) in order to increase its differentiation potential toward osseous tissue. DESIGN The SHEDs were isolated and the expression patterns of mesenchymal, hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell markers were assessed. The cells were then divided into two groups of SSEA-4(+) and unsorted SHEDs and the cell proliferation rate and population-doubling-time (PDT) were calculated. Subsequently, the differentiation potentials were examined through alizarin-red staining and Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Isolated cells were spindle-shaped with a high expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers and weak expression of hematopoietic markers. The mean expression of Oct-4 was 68.77%±1.28. Despite similar proliferation rates between SSEA-4(+) and unsorted SHEDs, because of differences in the shape of the growth curves, PDT was lower in unsorted SHEDs (P = 0.2 × 10-4). Alizarin-red staining showed similar calcium deposition in both groups. Upon differentiation, the expression of osteocalcin was higher in unsorted SHEDs (P = 0.043), while, the expression of alkaline phosphatase was lower (P<0.001). The parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) expression was not significantly different (P = 0.0625). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study revealed that SHEDs have high differentiation potentials even in the unsorted cells. Although the SSEA-4-positive SHEDs showed slightly better osteogenic potential, the differences were not abundant to link SSEA-4 expression with superior differentiation potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Aghajani
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute/Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tabassom Hooshmand
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ghaempanah
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Nanobiotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Ho-Shui-Ling A, Bolander J, Rustom LE, Johnson AW, Luyten FP, Picart C. Bone regeneration strategies: Engineered scaffolds, bioactive molecules and stem cells current stage and future perspectives. Biomaterials 2018; 180:143-162. [PMID: 30036727 PMCID: PMC6710094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone fractures are the most common traumatic injuries in humans. The repair of bone fractures is a regenerative process that recapitulates many of the biological events of embryonic skeletal development. Most of the time it leads to successful healing and the recovery of the damaged bone. Unfortunately, about 5-10% of fractures will lead to delayed healing or non-union, more so in the case of co-morbidities such as diabetes. In this article, we review the different strategies to heal bone defects using synthetic bone graft substitutes, biologically active substances and stem cells. The majority of currently available reviews focus on strategies that are still at the early stages of development and use mostly in vitro experiments with cell lines or stem cells. Here, we focus on what is already implemented in the clinics, what is currently in clinical trials, and what has been tested in animal models. Treatment approaches can be classified in three major categories: i) synthetic bone graft substitutes (BGS) whose architecture and surface can be optimized; ii) BGS combined with bioactive molecules such as growth factors, peptides or small molecules targeting bone precursor cells, bone formation and metabolism; iii) cell-based strategies with progenitor cells combined or not with active molecules that can be injected or seeded on BGS for improved delivery. We review the major types of adult stromal cells (bone marrow, adipose and periosteum derived) that have been used and compare their properties. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges that need to be addressed to significantly improve the healing of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antalya Ho-Shui-Ling
- Grenoble Institute of Technology, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38031 Grenoble Cedex 01, France
| | - Johanna Bolander
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence E Rustom
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amy Wagoner Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61081, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Catherine Picart
- Grenoble Institute of Technology, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38031 Grenoble Cedex 01, France.
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Yan Z, Qin H, Ren J, Qu X. Photocontrolled Multidirectional Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on an Upconversion Substrate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11182-11187. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Yan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 China
| | - Hongshuang Qin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
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Yan Z, Qin H, Ren J, Qu X. Photocontrolled Multidirectional Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on an Upconversion Substrate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Yan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 China
| | - Hongshuang Qin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
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Yusop N, Battersby P, Alraies A, Sloan AJ, Moseley R, Waddington RJ. Isolation and Characterisation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Rat Bone Marrow and the Endosteal Niche: A Comparative Study. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6869128. [PMID: 29765418 PMCID: PMC5885338 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6869128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Within bone, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exist within the bone marrow stroma (BM-MSC) and the endosteal niche, as cells lining compact bone (CB-MSCs). This study isolated and characterised heterogeneous MSC populations from each niche and subsequently investigated the effects of extensive cell expansion, analysing population doublings (PDs)/cellular senescence, colony-forming efficiencies (CFEs), MSC cell marker expression, and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation. CB-MSCs and BM-MSCs demonstrated similar morphologies and PDs, reaching 100 PDs. Both populations exhibited consistent telomere lengths (12-17 kb), minimal senescence, and positive telomerase expression. CB-MSCs (PD15) had significantly lower CFEs than PD50. CB-MSCs and BM-MSCs both expressed MSC (CD73/CD90/CD105); embryonic (Nanog) and osteogenic markers (Runx2, osteocalcin) but no hematopoietic markers (CD45). CB-MSCs (PD15) strongly expressed Oct4 and p16INK4A. At early PDs, CB-MSCs possessed a strong osteogenic potency and low potency for adipogenesis, whilst BM-MSCs possessed greater overall bipotentiality for osteogenesis and adipogenesis. At PD50, CB-MSCs demonstrated reduced potency for both osteogenesis and adipogenesis, compared to BM-MSCs at equivalent PDs. This study demonstrates similarities in proliferative and mesenchymal cell characteristics between CB-MSCs and BM-MSCs, but contrasting multipotentiality. Such findings support further comparisons of human CB-MSCs and BM-MSCs, facilitating selection of optimal MSC populations for regenerative medicine purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhayati Yusop
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry and Cardiff Institute Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Dental Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Paul Battersby
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry and Cardiff Institute Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amr Alraies
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry and Cardiff Institute Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alastair J. Sloan
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry and Cardiff Institute Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ryan Moseley
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry and Cardiff Institute Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel J. Waddington
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry and Cardiff Institute Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Wu S, Han N, Zheng Y, Hu C, Lei Y. The role of Snf5 in the osteogenic differentiation potential during replicative senescence of rat mesenchymal stromal cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 171:1-6. [PMID: 29398003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenic capacities of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) diminish during replicative senescence, and these changes affect the success of therapeutic application of BMSCs. In this study, we sought to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the osteogenic differentiation capacities that occur during replicative senescence. It is well known that Oct4 is a key transcription factor essential for maintaining differentiation capacities of the stem cells. In this study, we found that BMSCs at passage 6 (replicative senescent BMSCs) showed marked decreases in the osteogenic differentiation potential and the level of Oct4. These were accompanied by reduced levels of Snf5 and histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in the Oct4 promoter. In BMSCs at passage 2, knockdown of Snf5 diminished expression of Oct4 and disrupted the up-regulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) after osteogenic differentiation induction, which was accompanied by a reduction in Snf5 and H3K4me3 binding to the Oct4 promoter. These findings indicate that the decreased level of Snf5 binding to the promoter region of the Oct4 gene down-regulated the expression of Oct4, which may be the mechanism underlying the decline in osteogenic capacities in replicative senescent BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangrong Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Nana Han
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yueshan Lei
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
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Salehi PM, Foroutan T, Javeri A, Taha MF. Extract of mouse embryonic stem cells induces the expression of pluripotency genes in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 20:1200-1206. [PMID: 29299196 PMCID: PMC5749353 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.9464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): In some previous studies, the extract of embryonic carcinoma cells (ECCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been used to reprogram somatic cells to more dedifferentiated state. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mouse ESCs extract on the expression of some pluripotency markers in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Materials and Methods: Human ADSCs were isolated from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and characterized by flow cytometric analysis for the expression of some mesenchymal stem cell markers and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Frequent freeze-thaw technique was used to prepare cytoplasmic extract of ESCs. Plasma membranes of the ADSCs were reversibly permeabilized by streptolysin-O (SLO). Then the permeabilized ADSCs were incubated with the ESC extract and cultured in resealing medium. After reprogramming, the expression of some pluripotency genes was evaluated by RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses. Results: Third-passaged ADSCs showed a fibroblast-like morphology and expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers. They also showed adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. QPCR analysis revealed a significant upregulation in the expression of some pluripotency genes including OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, REX1 and ESG1 in the reprogrammed ADSCs compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings showed that mouse ESC extract can be used to induce reprogramming of human ADSCs. In fact, this method is applicable for reprogramming of human adult stem cells to a more pluripotent sate and may have a potential in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Motamen Salehi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Foroutan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Javeri
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Fakhr Taha
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Rameshwar P, Moore CA, Shah NN, Smith CP. An Update on the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1842:3-27. [PMID: 30196398 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8697-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The seeming setbacks noted for stem cells underscore the need for experimental studies for safe and efficacious application to patients. Both clinical and experimental researchers have gained valuable knowledge on the characteristics of stem cells, and their behavior in different microenvironment. This introductory chapter focuses on adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based on the predominance in the clinic. MSCs can be influenced by inflammatory mediators to exert immune suppressive properties, commonly referred to as "licensing." Interestingly, while there are questions if other stem cells can be delivered across allogeneic barrier, there is no question on the ability of MSCs to provide this benefit. This property has been a great advantage since MSCs could be available for immediate application as "off-the-shelf" stem cells for several disorders, tissue repair and gene/drug delivery. Despite the benefit of MSCs, it is imperative that research continues with the various types of stem cells. The method needed to isolate these cells is outlined in this book. In parallel, safety studies are needed; particularly links to oncogenic event. In summary, this introductory chapter discusses several potential areas that need to be addressed for safe and efficient delivery of stem cells, and argue for the incorporation of microenvironmental factors in the studies. The method described in this chapter could be extrapolated to the field of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T). This will require application to stem cell hierarchy of memory T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Caitlyn A Moore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Niloy N Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Caroline P Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Anti-inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1084:187-206. [PMID: 31175638 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable cells capable for multilineage differentiation and immunomodulation. MSCs are able to differentiate into all cell types of mesodermal origin and, due to their plasticity, may generate cells of neuroectodermal or endodermal origin in vitro. In addition to the enormous differentiation potential, MSCs efficiently modulate innate and adaptive immune response and, accordingly, were used in large number of experimental and clinical trials as new therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine. Although MSC-based therapy was efficient in the treatment of many inflammatory and degenerative diseases, unwanted differentiation of engrafted MSCs represents important safety concern. MSC-based beneficial effects are mostly relied on the effects of MSC-derived immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic, and trophic factors which attenuate detrimental immune response and inflammation, reduce ischemic injuries, and promote tissue repair and regeneration. Accordingly, MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM), which contains MSC-derived factors, has the potential to serve as a cell-free, safe therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Herein, we summarized current knowledge regarding identification, isolation, ontogeny, and functional characteristics of MSCs and described molecular mechanisms responsible for MSC-CM-mediated anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in the therapy of inflammatory lung, liver, and kidney diseases and ischemic brain injury.
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Perugini V, Meikle ST, Guildford AL, Santin M. Hyperbranched poly(ϵ-lysine) substrate presenting the laminin sequence YIGSR induces the formation of spheroids in adult bone marrow stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187182. [PMID: 29232694 PMCID: PMC5726715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the fibroblast-like cells formed upon monolayer culture of human mesenchymal stem cells, the natural stem cell niche of the bone marrow and other types of tissues favours the formation of 3-dimensional (3D) cell clusters. The structuring and biological activity of these clusters are regulated by the contacts established by cells with both the basement membrane and neighbour cells and results in their asymmetric division and the consequent maintenance of both a stem population and a committed progeny. The present work demonstrates the potential of a synthetic substrate to mimic the stem cell niche in vitro. The side amino groups of a linear Poly-L-lysine were modified with hyperbranched poly-(ϵ-lysine) peptides, named as dendrons, tethered with the laminin-mimicking sequence, YIGSR. These dendrons presented the YIGSR sequence at the uppermost molecular branching ensuring a controlled spacing of the bioligand. When used to coat the surface of tissue culture plates in a serum-free in vitro cell culture system, the substrate was able to mimic the most relevant features of the basement membrane of the stem cell niche, i.e. the mesh structure of Collagen Type IV and the availability of laminin bioligands relevant to integrin biorecognition. The substrate biomimetic properties were tested for their ability to support the formation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 3D spheroids similar to those observed in the natural stem cell niches and their ability to maintain stem cell pluripotency markers. These features were related to the substrate-specific expression and localisation of (i) cell adhesion receptors (i.e. β-integrin and N-cadherin), (ii) transcription factors of pluripotency markers and cytoskeleton protein and (iii) regulators of cell migration throughout cell culture passages 2 to 4. The results clearly demonstrate the formation of 3D spheroids starting from the asymmetric division of substrate-adhering spread cells, the clustering of relevant integrins and the expression of specific intracellular pathways controlling cytoskeleton formation suggesting their potential use as a substrate for the handling of stem cells prior to transplantation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Perugini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Steve T. Meikle
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L. Guildford
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Santin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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50
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OCT4 expression mediates partial cardiomyocyte reprogramming of mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189131. [PMID: 29216265 PMCID: PMC5720736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are in numerous cell therapy clinical trials, including for injured myocardium. Acquisition of cardiomyocyte characteristics by MSCs may improve cardiac regeneration but the mechanisms regulating this process are unclear. Here, we investigated whether the pluripotency transcription factor OCT4 is involved in the activation of cardiac lineage genetic programs in MSCs. We employed our established co-culture model of MSCs with rat embryonic cardiomyocytes showing co-expression of cardiac markers on MSCs independent of cell fusion. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated from transgenic mice expressing GFP under the control of the cardiac-specific α-myosin heavy chain promoter. After 5 days of co-culture, MSCs expressed cardiac specific genes, including Nkx2.5, atrial natriuretic factor and α-cardiac actin. The frequency of GFP+ cells was 7.6±1.9%, however, these cells retained the stromal cell phenotype, indicating, as expected, only partial differentiation. Global OCT4 expression increased 2.6±0.7-fold in co-cultured MSCs and of interest, 87±5% vs 79±4% of MSCs expressed OCT4 by flow cytometry in controls and after co-culture, respectively. Consistent with the latter observation, the GFP+ cells did not express nuclear OCT4 and showed a significant increase in OCT4 promoter methylation compared with undifferentiated MSCs (92% vs 45%), inferring that OCT4 is regulated by an epigenetic mechanism. We further showed that siRNA silencing of OCT4 in MSCs resulted in a reduced frequency of GFP+ cells in co-culture to less than 1%. Our data infer that OCT4 expression may have a direct effect on partial cardiomyocyte reprogramming of MSCs and suggest a new mechanism(s) associated with MSC multipotency and a requirement for crosstalk with the cardiac microenvironment.
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