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1
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Schneider RS, Nieves EB, Aggarwal B, Bowles-Welch AC, Stevens HY, Kippner LE, Boden SD, Mautner K, Drissi H, Roy K, Lam WA, Sinha S, García AJ. On-chip 3D potency assay for prediction of clinical outcomes for cell therapy candidates for osteoarthritis. Nat Commun 2025; 16:4915. [PMID: 40425577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 05/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
The lack of clinically predictive potency assays for cell products significantly impedes translation of these therapies. Here, we describe a microfluidic on-chip 3D system for rapid evaluation of a subset of patient-derived bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) samples used in a phase 3 multicenter trial (NCT03818737) evaluating autologous cells for relieving knee osteoarthritis pain. BMAC clinical samples cultured in the on-chip 3D system exhibit elevated levels of immunomodulatory and trophic proteins compared to 2D culture. Using analyte information from in vitro assays and patient-matched clinical data, we build linear regression prediction models for clinical outcomes. We demonstrate improved clinical prediction by cross-validation accuracy for the on-chip 3D platform compared to 2D culture. Additionally, on-chip 3D assay metrics display higher correlative power with patient pain scores compared to the 2D assay. This study establishes a potency assay with improved prediction power to accelerate translation of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Schneider
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elisa B Nieves
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bhavay Aggarwal
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles-Welch
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Linda E Kippner
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott D Boden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth Mautner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Yu H, Zhang F, He YC, Zhang LS. Quality by design strategy of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell drug products for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17:106547. [DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i5.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Revised: 04/01/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), characterized by heterogeneous arthritic manifestations and complex peripheral joint disorder, is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, which has become a high burden due to the multifactorial nature and the deficiency of available disease-modifying treatments. The application of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as therapeutic drugs has provided novel treatment options for diverse degenerative and chronic diseases including KOA. However, the complexity and specificity of the “live” cells have posed challenges for MSC-based drug development and the concomitant scale-up preparation from laboratory to industrialization. For instance, despite the considerable progress in ex vivo cell culture technology for fulfilling the robust development of drug conversion and clinical trials, yet significant challenges remain in obtaining regulatory approvals. Thus, there’s an urgent need for the research and development of MSC drugs for KOA. In this review, we provide alternative solution strategies for the preparation of MSC drugs on the basis of the principle of quality by design, including designing the cell production processes, quality control, and clinical applications. In detail, we mainly focus on the quality by design method for MSC manufacturing in standard cell-culturing factories for the treatment of KOA by using the Quality Target Product Profile as a starting point to determine potential critical quality attributes and to establish relationships between critical material attributes and critical process parameters. Collectively, this review aims to meet product performance and robust process design, and should help to reduce the gap between compliant products and the production of compliant good manufacturing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yi-Chen He
- Department of International, Experimental High School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Lei-Sheng Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Blood Ecology and Biointelligence, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Jinan Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University, Jinan 250031, Shandong Province, China
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Faircloth TU, Temple S, Parr R, Soma A, Massoumi H, Jalilian E, Djalilian AR, Hematti P, Rajan D, Chinnadurai R. Human cornea-derived mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit T cells through indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase. Cytotherapy 2025; 27:597-608. [PMID: 39891632 PMCID: PMC12097958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2025.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Defining the mechanism of immune modulation by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from distinct anatomical tissues is of great translational interest. The human cornea is an immunologically privileged organ, and the mechanism of immunoregulation of cornea-derived MSCs (cMSCs) is currently unknown. We investigated cMSCs derived from the corneas of 5 independent human donorS for their fitness and mechanism of action in suppressing T cells. cMSCs display the immunophenotype CD45-CD73+CD105+CD90+CD44+ and robust in vitro growth. 30-plex secretome analysis identified that cMSCs innately secrete specific molecules in a dose-dependent manner. cMSCs do not express or upregulate costimulatory but do upregulate coinhibitory molecules upon stimulation with interferon γ (IFNγ). cMSCs inhibit T-cell proliferation in contact-dependent co-cultures, which can be predicted by a unique secretome signature. In addition, co-culturing in a 2-chamber transwell system has demonstrated that cMSCs also inhibit T-cell proliferation in a non-contact-dependent manner. Mechanistic analysis has demonstrated that activated T cells effectively induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) but not other enzymes of the tryptophan metabolic pathway in cMSCs. Silencing of IDO in cMSCs reduces their fitness to suppress T cells. These results provide evidence that in cMSCs, one of the principal mechanisms of immunosuppression on T cells is through IDO. These results suggest that MSCs derived from the human cornea display immunoregulatory properties and, thus, may play a role in maintaining the immune-privileged niche of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler U Faircloth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara Temple
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Rhett Parr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Alyssa Soma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Hamed Massoumi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elmira Jalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Devi Rajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, USA.
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Oliver-Vila I, Sesma-Herrero E, Belda F, Seriola A, Ojosnegros S. Robust differentiation and potent immunomodulation of human mesenchymal stromal cells cultured with a xeno-free GMP protein supplement. Cytotherapy 2025; 27:552-561. [PMID: 39864016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2025.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) are multipotent adult cells commonly used in regenerative medicine as advanced therapy medicinal products. The expansion of these cells in xeno-free supplements is highly encouraged by regulatory agencies due to safety concerns. However, the number of supplements with robust performance and consistency for hMSC expansion are limited. Here, we evaluate a xeno-free human plasma-derived protein supplement (Plastem, Grifols) for the expansion and functional evaluation of hMSCs. METHODS hMSC from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord were obtained from two suppliers and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM/F-12) supplemented with fetal bovine serum 10% (FBS), human platelet lysate 5% (hPL) or Plastem 10%+ hPL0.5%. Cell proliferation was evaluated after culturing hMSC for 13 days with trypan blue exclusion. hMSC immunophenotype was assessed by flow cytometry of surface markers expression. Multipotentiality assay determined the ability of hMSC to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages after 21 days, by using specific staining. Immunomodulatory properties of hMSC were analyzed by measuring suppression of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation in co-culture with hMSC. RESULTS Plastem 10% + hPL 0.5% supported robust and sustained hMSC growth with a similar efficiency to the reference supplement FBS 10%. hMSC cultured with the xeno-free supplement presented a similar morphology comparable to FBS-supplemented cells and maintained typical expression of markers: positive (>95%) for CD90, CD73 and CD105; and negative (<5%) for CD45, CD14, CD19, CD34 and HLA-DR. Likewise, hMSC showed potent, in vitro differentiation potential into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages, outperforming the results obtained with traditional reference supplements in several instances. They retained their immunomodulatory properties, inhibiting the proliferation of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMCs with a notable enhancement of the immunomodulatory capacity of hMSCs compared to conventional reference supplements. CONCLUSIONS Plastem allowed hMSC expansion while preserving phenotype and showed remarkable differentiation and immunomodulatory properties, supporting its use for cell therapy manufacturing processes as a robust, xeno-free alternative to FBS and hPL. Moreover, Plastem can be manufactured at an industrial level, making it a scalable solution for widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Sesma-Herrero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Belda
- Research and Development, Bio Supplies Division, Grifols, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Seriola
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Samuel Ojosnegros
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
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Riazuelo L, Planat-Bénard V, Vinel A, Laurencin S, Casteilla L, Kémoun P, Marty M, Monsarrat P. Acceptability of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Qualitative Study in France. Int Dent J 2025; 75:840-848. [PMID: 39245621 PMCID: PMC11976543 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Periodontitis, the main cause of tooth loss in adults, is a public health concern; its incidence increases with age, and its prevalence increases with increasing life expectancy of the population. Innovative therapies such as cell therapy represent promising future solutions for guided tissue regeneration. However, these therapies may be associated with fears and mistrust from the general public. The aim of this study was to estimate the acceptability of an advanced therapy medicinal product combining allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells from adipose tissue with a natural fibrin hydrogel in the treatment of periodontitis. METHODS The methodology was based on a qualitative study conducted through semi-structured interviews with patients followed for periodontitis in the Oral Medicine Department of the Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France. Qualitative studies are essential methodologies to understand the patterns of health behaviours, describe illness experiences, and design health interventions in a humanistic and person-centred way of discovering. RESULTS Eleven interviews (with 4 men and 7 women) were required to reach thematic saturation. Analysis allowed 4 main themes to emerge: (1) perception of new treatments, science, and caregivers; (2) conditions that the treatment must meet; (3) patient perception of the disease; and (4) factors related to the content of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS Patients find cell therapy for periodontitis to be acceptable. If they express a need to be informed about the benefit/risk ratio, they are not particularly worried about side effects of the treatment, for either allogeneic or blood-derived products. Periodontitis is a prototypical model of chronic inflammatory pathology and is multitissular, with hard- and soft-tissue lesions. In a patient-centred approach, the success of cell therapy will require a bilateral, informed decision, taking into account potential therapeutic effectiveness and patient expectations for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Riazuelo
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Planat-Bénard
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Vinel
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France; I2MC, INSERM UMR 1297, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Sara Laurencin
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France; Center for Epidemiology and Research in POPulation Health (CERPOP), UMR 1295, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Kémoun
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France; RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Marty
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France; LIRDEF, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Paul Valery University, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Monsarrat
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France; RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute ANITI, Toulouse, France.
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6
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Cremona M, Gallazzi M, Rusconi G, Mariotta L, Gola M, Soldati G. State of the Art in the Standardization of Stromal Vascular Fraction Processing. Biomolecules 2025; 15:199. [PMID: 40001502 PMCID: PMC11852902 DOI: 10.3390/biom15020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 01/26/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) has gained significant attention in clinical applications due to its regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. Initially identified decades ago, SVF is derived from adipose tissue and has been increasingly utilized in a variety of therapeutic settings. The isolation and processing protocols for SVF have evolved substantially, particularly after its classification as an Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP), which mandates adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices to ensure sterility and product quality. Despite the progress, few studies over the last decade have focused on the standardization of SVF processing. Recent advances, driven by the potential of SVF and its derived products such as Adipose-derived Stem Cells, have prompted the development of improved isolation strategies aimed at enhancing their therapeutic and regenerative efficacy. Notable progress includes the advent of automated processing systems, which reduce technical errors, minimize variability, and improve reproducibility across laboratories. These developments, along with the establishment of more precise protocols and guidelines, have enhanced the consistency and clinical applicability of SVF-based therapies. This review discusses the key aspects of SVF isolation and processing, highlighting the efforts to standardize the procedure and ensure the reliability of SVF products for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cremona
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
| | - Giulio Rusconi
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
| | - Luca Mariotta
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
- Swiss Stem Cells Biotech AG, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Gola
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
| | - Gianni Soldati
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
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7
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Ren G, Sørensen MB, Porsborg SR, Fink T, Zachar V, Peng Q. Comparative analysis of cryopreserved adipose stem cells expanded in hollow fiber bioreactor versus conventional tissue culture flasks. Sci Rep 2024; 14:31853. [PMID: 39738501 PMCID: PMC11686135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-83255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation enhances the availability of "off-the-shelf" cell therapies. However, the choice between tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) and hollow fiber system (HFB) system for adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) production remains a critical decision, with implications for scalability, reproducibility, and the clinical efficacy. Therefore, the characteristics of ASCs expanded in TCP and HFB and cryopreserved were compared. TCP and HFB cultures were established, and cells were cryopreserved. Surface markers were analyzed to identify immunophenotypic changes and subpopulations. Clonogenicity, differentiation capability, and proliferation potentials were determined along with surrogate tests on wound healing. The expressions of the most markers were consistent before and after thawing for both systems. However, CD105 expression of TCP cells was significantly decreased by the freeze-thawing procedure. Also, CD274 was significantly less expressed on HFB-expanded cells before freezing, however, post-thawing, the proportion of CD274 positive cells was comparable to TCP cells. Besides, two expansions supported different subpopulations, influencing the heterogeneity within ASC cultures. Despite this heterogeneity, no statistical differences were observed as for ASC functional characteristics and the effects on fibroblasts. This study highlighted freeze-thaw does not interfere with the production of fully functional ASCs in either system, although it drives some differential changes in the subpopulations between systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Ren
- The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | | | - Simone Riis Porsborg
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Gistrup, 9260, Denmark
| | - Trine Fink
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Gistrup, 9260, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Zachar
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Gistrup, 9260, Denmark
| | - Qiuyue Peng
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Gistrup, 9260, Denmark.
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8
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Donohoe E, Canning A, Moosavizadeh S, Ryan AE, Ritter T. Immunomodulatory potential of cytokine-licensed human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells correlates with potency marker expression profile. Stem Cells 2024; 42:1040-1054. [PMID: 39208292 PMCID: PMC11630899 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cytokine(s) pre-activation/licensing is an effective way to enhance the immunomodulatory potency of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Currently, IFN-γ licensing received the most attention in comparison with other cytokines. After licensing human bone marrow-derived MSCs with pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β1 alone or in combination, the in vitro immunomodulatory potency of these MSCs was studied by incubating with allogeneic T cells and macrophage-like THP-1 cells. In addition, immunomodulation-related molecules filtered by bioinformatics, complement 1 subcomponent (C1s), and interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 (MX2), were studied to verify whether to reflect the immunomodulatory potency. Herein, we reported that different cytokines cause different effects on the function of MSC. While TGF-β1 licensing enhances the capacity of MSCs to induce T cells with an immunosuppressive phenotype, IFN-γ-licensing strengthens the inhibitory effect of MSC on T cell proliferation. Both TGF-β1 and IFN-γ licensing can enhance the effect of MSC on reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by M1 macrophage-like THP-1 cells. Interestingly, IFN-γ upregulates potential potency markers extracellular C1s and kynurenine (KYN) and intracellular MX2. These 3 molecules have the potential to reflect mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulatory potency. In addition, we reported that there is a synergistic effect of TGF-β1 and IFN-γ in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway H91FD82, Ireland
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Changsha Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ellen Donohoe
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway H91FD82, Ireland
| | - Aoife Canning
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway H91FD82, Ireland
| | - Seyedmohammad Moosavizadeh
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway H91FD82, Ireland
- CURAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91FD82, Ireland
| | - Aideen E Ryan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway H91FD82, Ireland
- CURAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91FD82, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway H91FD82, Ireland
- CURAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91FD82, Ireland
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9
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Jiang Y, Gao X, Zheng X, Lu Y, Zhang M, Yan W, Pan W, Li H, Zhang Y. Recent research progress on microRNAs from mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for tumor therapy: A review. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:1974-1982. [PMID: 39792406 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_540_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of protocells that can differentiate into various cell types and have robust replication and renewal capabilities. MSCs secrete various nutritional factors to regulate the microenvironment of tumor tissues. The mechanism by which they inhibit or promote tumor growth may be closely related to MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo). However, the role of MSC-Exo vesicles in tumors remains controversial. This review discusses the potential applications of microRNAs in exosomes derived from MSCs in treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xuezhen Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
| | - Minghan Zhang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxuan Yan
- School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wentao Pan
- School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hengli Li
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yueying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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10
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Miller RC, Temenoff JS. Biomaterials for Cell Manufacturing. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:1521-1530. [PMID: 39466845 PMCID: PMC11580378 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024]
Abstract
Cell therapies, potent populations of cells used to treat disease and injury, can be strategically manufactured with biomaterial intervention to improve clinical translation. In this viewpoint, we discuss biomaterial design and integration into cell manufacturing steps to achieve three main goals: scale-up, phenotype control, and selection of potent cells. Material properties can be engineered to influence the cell-biomaterial interface and, therefore, impart desirable cell behavior such as growth, secretory activity, and differentiation. Future directions for the field should capitalize on the combinatorial design of biomaterial properties to yield highly specific and potent cell populations. Furthermore, future biomaterials could contribute to novel high-throughput cell separation technologies that can individually select the most therapeutically relevant cells within a produced batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Miller
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Parker
H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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11
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Rohban R, Martins CP, Esni F. Advanced therapy to cure diabetes: mission impossible is now possible? Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1484859. [PMID: 39629270 PMCID: PMC11611888 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1484859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell and Gene therapy are referred to as advanced therapies that represent overlapping fields of regenerative medicine. They have similar therapeutic goals such as to modify cellular identity, improve cell function, or fight a disease. These two therapeutic avenues, however, possess major differences. While cell therapy involves introduction of new cells, gene therapy entails introduction or modification of genes. Furthermore, the aim of cell therapy is often to replace, or repair damaged tissue, whereas gene therapy is used typically as a preventive approach. Diabetes mellitus severely affects the quality of life of afflicted individuals and has various side effects including cardiovascular, ophthalmic disorders, and neuropathy while putting enormous economic pressure on both the healthcare system and the patient. In recent years, great effort has been made to develop cutting-edge therapeutic interventions for diabetes treatment, among which cell and gene therapies stand out. This review aims to highlight various cell- and gene-based therapeutic approaches leading to the generation of new insulin-producing cells as a topmost "panacea" for treating diabetes, while deliberately avoiding a detailed molecular description of these approaches. By doing so, we aim to target readers who are new to the field and wish to get a broad helicopter overview of the historical and current trends of cell- and gene-based approaches in β-cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsareh Rohban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina P. Martins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Farzad Esni
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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12
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Younesi FS, Hinz B. The Myofibroblast Fate of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Regeneration, Repair, or Despair? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8712. [PMID: 39201399 PMCID: PMC11354465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues of healthy or patient donors to be retransplanted in cell therapies. Because the number of MSCs obtained from biopsies is typically too low for direct clinical application, MSC expansion in cell culture is required. However, ex vivo amplification often reduces the desired MSC regenerative potential and enhances undesired traits, such as activation into fibrogenic myofibroblasts. Transiently activated myofibroblasts restore tissue integrity after organ injury by producing and contracting extracellular matrix into scar tissue. In contrast, persistent myofibroblasts cause excessive scarring-called fibrosis-that destroys organ function. In this review, we focus on the relevance and molecular mechanisms of myofibroblast activation upon contact with stiff cell culture plastic or recipient scar tissue, such as hypertrophic scars of large skin burns. We discuss cell mechanoperception mechanisms such as integrins and stretch-activated channels, mechanotransduction through the contractile actin cytoskeleton, and conversion of mechanical signals into transcriptional programs via mechanosensitive co-transcription factors, such as YAP, TAZ, and MRTF. We further elaborate how prolonged mechanical stress can create persistent myofibroblast memory by direct mechanotransduction to the nucleus that can evoke lasting epigenetic modifications at the DNA level, such as histone methylation and acetylation. We conclude by projecting how cell culture mechanics can be modulated to generate MSCs, which epigenetically protected against myofibroblast activation and transport desired regeneration potential to the recipient tissue environment in clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Sadat Younesi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
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13
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Česnik AB, Švajger U. The issue of heterogeneity of MSC-based advanced therapy medicinal products-a review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1400347. [PMID: 39129786 PMCID: PMC11310176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1400347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) possess a remarkable potential for numerous clinical applications due to their unique properties including self-renewal, immunomodulation, paracrine actions and multilineage differentiation. However, the translation of MSC-based Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) into the clinic has frequently met with inconsistent outcomes. One of the suspected reasons for this issue is the inherent and extensive variability that exists among such ATMPs, which makes the interpretation of their clinical efficacy difficult to assess, as well as to compare the results of various studies. This variability stems from numerous reasons including differences in tissue sources, donor attributes, variances in manufacturing protocols, as well as modes of administration. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue and others, each with its unique phenotypic and functional characteristics. While MSCs from different sources do share common features, they also exhibit distinct gene expression profiles and functional properites. Donor-specific factors such as age, sex, body mass index, and underlying health conditions can influence MSC phenotype, morphology, differentiation potential and function. Moreover, variations in preparation of MSC products introduces additional heterogeneity as a result of cell culture media composition, presence or absence of added growth factors, use of different serum supplements and culturing techniques. Once MSC products are formulated, storage protocols play a pivotal role in its efficacy. Factors that affect cell viability include cell concentration, delivery solution and importantly, post-thawing protocols where applicable. Ensuing, differences in administration protocols can critically affect the distribution and functionallity of administered cells. As MSC-based therapies continue to advance through numerous clinical trials, implication of strategies to reduce product heterogeneity is imperative. Central to addressing these challenges is the need for precise prediction of clinical responses, which require well-defined MSC populations and harmonized assessment of their specific functions. By addressing these issues by meaningful approaches, such as, e.g., MSC pooling, the field can overcome barriers to advance towards more consistent and effective MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bajc Česnik
- Slovenian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Department for Therapeutic Services, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Švajger
- Slovenian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Department for Therapeutic Services, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Kılıç P, Özdemir C, Coşar B, Savran BN, Sarıkaya A, Sargon B, Toprakkale A, Songür İ, Kandemir Seçgin Ö, Akpınar Oktar P, Çetindağ EN, Yurtsever Sarıca D, Taşdelen S, Ezer Ü, Kürekçi AE, Gürman G. Upstream Process Protocol for MSCs Isolated from Different Human-Based Tissue Origins. Methods Mol Biol 2024. [PMID: 38967911 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2024_553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This chapter introduces the increasing significance of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) production in regenerative medicine and cellular therapeutics, outlines the growing interest in MSCs for various medical applications, and highlights their potential in advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) and the advancements in cell culture technologies that have facilitated large-scale MSC production under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), ensuring safety and efficacy. This chapter describes an optimized upstream protocol for laboratory-scale MSC production from different tissue sources. This protocol, conducted in flasks, controls critical parameters and lays the foundation for downstream processing to generate ATMPs. This comprehensive approach underscores the potential of MSCs in clinical applications and the importance of tailored production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kılıç
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.
- HücreCELL® Biotechnology Development and Commerce, Inc., Ankara, Türkiye.
| | - Cansu Özdemir
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Begüm Coşar
- HücreCELL® Biotechnology Development and Commerce, Inc., Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Başkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Büşra Nigar Savran
- HücreCELL® Biotechnology Development and Commerce, Inc., Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elif NazIı Çetindağ
- LÖSEV LÖSANTE Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Urogynecology Doctorate Program, Ankara, Türkiye
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15
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Dunbar H, Hawthorne IJ, English K. Carbon monoxide licensing of MSCs enhances their efficacy through autophagy-mediated miRNA mechanisms. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2047-2049. [PMID: 38906151 PMCID: PMC11286800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Dunbar
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Ian J Hawthorne
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Karen English
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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16
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Waqar MA, Zaman M, Khan R, Shafeeq Ur Rahman M, Majeed I. Navigating the tumor microenvironment: mesenchymal stem cell-mediated delivery of anticancer agents. J Drug Target 2024; 32:624-634. [PMID: 38652480 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2347356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Scientific knowledge of cancer has advanced greatly throughout the years, with most recent studies findings includes many hallmarks that capture disease's multifaceted character. One of the novel approach utilised for the delivery of anti-cancer agents includes mesenchymal stem cell mediated drug delivery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-haematopoietic progenitor cells that may be extracted from bone marrow, tooth pulp, adipose tissue and placenta/umbilical cord blood dealing with adult stem cells. MSCs are mostly involved in regeneration of tissue, they have also been shown to preferentially migrate to location of several types of tumour in-vivo. Usage of MSCs ought to improve both effectiveness and safety of anti-cancer drugs by enhancing delivery efficiency of anti-cancer therapies to tumour site. Numerous researches has demonstrated that various drugs, when delivered via mesenchymal stem cell mediated delivery can elicit anti-tumour effect of cells in cancers of breast cells and thyroid cells. MSCs have minimal immunogenicity because to lack of co-stimulatory molecule expression, which means there is no requirement for immunosuppression after allogenic transplantation. This current review elaborates recent advancements of mesenchyma stem cell mediated drug delivery of anti-cancer agents along with its mechanism and previously reported studies of drugs manufactured via this drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Waqar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabeel Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Imtiaz Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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17
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Christy BA, Herzig MC, Wu X, Mohammadipoor A, McDaniel JS, Bynum JA. Cell Therapies for Acute Radiation Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6973. [PMID: 39000080 PMCID: PMC11241804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The risks of severe ionizing radiation exposure are increasing due to the involvement of nuclear powers in combat operations, the increasing use of nuclear power, and the existence of terrorist threats. Exposure to a whole-body radiation dose above about 0.7 Gy results in H-ARS (hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome), which is characterized by damage to the hematopoietic system; higher doses result in further damage to the gastrointestinal and nervous systems. Only a few medical countermeasures for ARS are currently available and approved for use, although others are in development. Cell therapies (cells or products produced by cells) are complex therapeutics that show promise for the treatment of radiation injury and have been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity in animal models. Since clinical trials for ARS cannot be ethically conducted, animal testing is extremely important. Here, we describe cell therapies that have been tested in animal models. Both cells and cell products appear to promote survival and lessen tissue damage after whole-body irradiation, although the mechanisms are not clear. Because radiation exposure often occurs in conjunction with other traumatic injuries, animal models of combined injury involving radiation and future countermeasure testing for these complex medical problems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Christy
- Blood and Shock Resuscitation, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Maryanne C Herzig
- Blood and Shock Resuscitation, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Xiaowu Wu
- Blood and Shock Resuscitation, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Arezoo Mohammadipoor
- Hemorrhage and Vascular Dysfunction, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Jennifer S McDaniel
- Blood and Shock Resuscitation, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - James A Bynum
- Blood and Shock Resuscitation, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
- Department of Surgery, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Trauma Research and Combat Casualty Care Collaborative, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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18
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Shaz BH, Schäfer R, Fontaine MJ, Norris PJ, McKenna DH, Jin P, Reems JA, Stroncek D, Tanashi M, Marks D, Geng H, Pati S. Local manufacturing processes contribute to variability in human mesenchymal stromal cell expansion while growth media supplements contribute to variability in gene expression and cell function: a Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) collaborative study. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:531-539. [PMID: 38043052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Culture-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit variable characteristics when manufactured using different methods, source material and culture media. The purpose of this multicenter study was to assess the impact on MSC expansion, gene expression and other characteristics when different laboratories expanded MSCs from cultures initiated with bone marrow-MSC aliquots derived from the same donor source material yet with different growth media. METHODS Eight centers expanded MSCs using four human platelet lysate (HPL) and one fetal bovine serum (FBS) products as media supplements. The expanded cells were taken through two passages then assessed for cell count, viability, doubling time, immunophenotype, cell function, immunosuppression and gene expression. Results were analyzed by growth media and by center. RESULTS Center methodologies varied by their local seeding density, feeding regimen, inoculation density, base media and other growth media features (antibiotics, glutamine, serum). Doubling times were more dependent on center than on media supplements. Two centers had appropriate immunophenotyping showing all MSC cultures were positive for CD105, CD73, CD90 and negative for CD34, CD45, CD14, HLA-DR. MSCs cultured in media supplemented with FBS compared with HPL featured greater T-cell inhibition potential. Gene expression analysis showed greater impact of the type of media supplement (HPL versus FBS) than the manufacturing center. Specifically, nine genes were decreased in expression and six increased when combining the four HPL-grown MSCs versus FBS (false discovery rate [FDR] <0.01), however, without significant difference between different sources of HPL (FDR <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Local manufacturing process plays a critical role in MSC expansion while growth media may influence function and gene expression. All HPL and FBS products supported cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth H Shaz
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Magali J Fontaine
- University of Maryland School of Medical Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip J Norris
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David H McKenna
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jo-Anna Reems
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Minoko Tanashi
- Japanese Red Cross Blood Service Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denese Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Huimin Geng
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shibani Pati
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Sadeghi S, Nimtz L, Niebergall-Roth E, Norrick A, Hägele S, Vollmer L, Esterlechner J, Frank MH, Ganss C, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Kluth MA. Potency assay to predict the anti-inflammatory capacity of a cell therapy product for macrophage-driven diseases: overcoming the challenges of assay development and validation. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:512-523. [PMID: 38441512 PMCID: PMC11065629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the high level of product complexity and limited regulatory guidance, designing and implementing appropriate potency assays is often the most challenging part of establishing a quality control testing matrix for a cell-based medicinal product. Among the most elusive tasks are the selection of suitable read-out parameters, the development of assay designs that most closely model the pathophysiological conditions, and the validation of the methods. Here we describe these challenges and how they were addressed in developing an assay that measures the anti-inflammatory potency of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in an M1 macrophage-dominated inflammatory environment. METHODS An in vitro inflammation model was established by coculturing skin-derived ABCB5+ MSCs with THP-1 monocyte-derived M1-polarized macrophages. Readout was the amount of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) secreted by the MSCs in the coculture, measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS IL-1RA was quantified with guideline-concordant selectivity, accuracy and precision over a relevant concentration range. Consistent induction of the macrophage markers CD36 and CD80 indicated successful macrophage differentiation and M1 polarization of THP-1 cells, which was functionally confirmed by release of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor α. Testing a wide range of MSC/macrophage ratios revealed the optimal ratio for near-maximal stimulation of MSCs to secrete IL-1RA, providing absolute maximum levels per individual MSC that can be used for future comparison with clinical efficacy. Batch release testing of 71 consecutively manufactured MSC batches showed a low overall failure rate and a high comparability between donors. CONCLUSIONS We describe the systematic development and validation of a therapeutically relevant, straightforward, robust and reproducible potency assay to measure the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs in M1 macrophage-driven inflammation. The insights into the challenges and how they were addressed may also be helpful to developers of potency assays related to other cellular functions and clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus H Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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20
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Kink JA, Bellio MA, Forsberg MH, Lobo A, Thickens AS, Lewis BM, Ong IM, Khan A, Capitini CM, Hematti P. Large-scale bioreactor production of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells for treatment of acute radiation syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:72. [PMID: 38475968 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) occurring after exposure to ionizing radiation damages bone marrow causing cytopenias, increasing susceptibility to infections and death. We and others have shown that cellular therapies like human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), or monocytes/macrophages educated ex-vivo with extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs were effective in a lethal H-ARS mouse model. However, given the complexity of generating cellular therapies and the potential risks of using allogeneic products, development of an "off-the-shelf" cell-free alternative like EVs may have utility in conditions like H-ARS that require rapid deployment of available therapeutics. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of producing MSC-derived EVs at large scale using a bioreactor and assess critical quality control attributes like identity, sterility, and potency in educating monocytes and promoting survival in a lethal H-ARS mouse model. METHODS EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from unprimed and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed MSCs grown at large scale using a hollow fiber bioreactor and compared to a small scale system using flasks. The physical identity of EVs included a time course assessment of particle diameter, yield, protein content and surface marker profile by flow-cytometry. Comparison of the RNA cargo in EVs was determined by RNA-seq. Capacity of EVs to generate exosome educated monocytes (EEMos) was determined by qPCR and flow cytometry, and potency was assessed in vivo using a lethal ARS model with NSG mice. RESULTS Physical identity of EVs at both scales were similar but yields by volume were up to 38-fold more using a large-scale bioreactor system. RNA-seq indicated that flask EVs showed upregulated let-7 family and miR-143 micro-RNAs. EEMos educated with LPS-EVs at each scale were similar, showing increased gene expression of IL-6, IDO, FGF-2, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-15 and immunophenotyping consistent with a PD-L1 high, CD16 low, and CD86 low cell surface expression. Treatment with LPS-EVs manufactured at both scales were effective in the ARS model, improving survival and clinical scores through improved hematopoietic recovery. EVs from unprimed MSCs were less effective than LPS-EVs, with flask EVs providing some improved survival while bioreactor EVs provide no survival benefit. CONCLUSIONS LPS-EVs as an effective treatment for H-ARS can be produced using a scale-up development manufacturing process, representing an attractive off-the-shelf, cell-free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kink
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 4137, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael A Bellio
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew H Forsberg
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexandra Lobo
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna S Thickens
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bryson M Lewis
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Irene M Ong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 4137, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aisha Khan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 4137, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 4137, Madison, WI, USA.
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53326, USA.
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21
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Smith AA, Bellows CF. Modification of the inflammatory profile of mesenchymal stem cells using different culture conditions. Regen Med 2024; 19:83-91. [PMID: 38356398 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2023-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells with significant therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to examine the inflammatory profile of MSCs cultured under different conditions. Methods: MSCs were cultured by three strategies: seeding on an extracellular matrix (ECM), spheroids in static culture and spheroids in a bioreactor. Paracrine factors and CD206, a marker of M2 macrophage phenotype, were measured. Results: MSCs grown as spheroids in a bioreactor produced more IL-6 and IL-8 (p < 0.05). Supernatant collected from spheroids under both culture conditions increased the M2 macrophage phenotype almost twofold. Conclusion: Results indicate that the inflammatory profile of the supernatant collected from MSCs can be modified through culture conditions which has impacts for the future of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A Smith
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University, 1430, Tulane Ave New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Surgery, Lousiana State University, Health Sciences Center, 2021, Perdido Street New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Charles F Bellows
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University, 1430, Tulane Ave New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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22
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Wang X, Tian H, Yang X, Zhao H, Liang X, Li Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cells‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Orthopedic Diseases: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Potential. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202300193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
Abstract
AbstractEver since the first application of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation treating human hematologic malignancies in 1995, MSC‐based treatments have demonstrated great therapeutic potential in clinical settings. However, only a few MSC‐based cell therapy products have been clinically approved. Accumulating evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of MSCs are mainly attributed to the release of paracrine factors or extracellular vesicles (EVs) rather than their mesodermal differentiation potential. Therefore, MSC‐derived EVs (MSC‐EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, have merged as promising alternatives to traditional cell‐based therapeutics in clinical practice. They offer several advantages such as better safety, lower immunogenicity, protection of cargoes from degradation, and the ability to overcome biological barriers. Moreover, there have been multiple clinical studies exploring the potential of MSC‐EVs for treating various diseases, including orthopedic disorders. However, there is no definitive “cure” for conditions such as osteoporosis and other bone disorders, but MSC‐EVs have displayed significant therapeutic potential for these orthopedic ailments. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of current knowledge related to MSC‐EVs and emphasize their potential application in treating orthopedic diseases, such as bone defects, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteosarcoma, and osteoradionecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Wang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 P. R. China
| | - Haodong Tian
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 P. R. China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 P. R. China
| | - Hongmou Zhao
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Liang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 P. R. China
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23
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Doron G, Wood LB, Guldberg RE, Temenoff JS. Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Hydrogel Microcarriers Alter Secretory Activity of Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6282-6292. [PMID: 37906515 PMCID: PMC10646834 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to scale up culture therapeutic cells, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), culture in suspension bioreactors using microcarriers (μCs) is preferred. However, the impact of microcarrier type on the resulting MSC secretory activity has not been investigated. In this study, two poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel formulations with different swelling ratios (named "stiffer" and "softer") were fabricated as μC substrates to culture MSCs and MSCs genetically modified to express the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra-MSCs). Changes in cell number, secretory and angiogenic activity, and changes in MAPK signaling were evaluated when cultured on hydrogel μCs, as well as on tissue culture plastic-based Synthemax μCs. We demonstrated that culture on stiffer μCs increased secretion of IL-1Ra compared to culture on Synthemax μCs by IL-1Ra-MSCs by 1.2- to 1.6-fold, as well as their in vitro angiogenic activity, compared to culture on Synthemax μCs, while culture on both stiffer and softer μCs altered the secretion of several other factors compared to culture on Synthemax μCs. Changes in angiogenic activity corresponded with increased gene expression and secretion of hepatocyte growth factor by MSCs cultured on softer μCs by 2.5- to 6-fold compared to MSCs cultured on Synthemax μCs. Quantification of phosphoprotein signaling with the MAPK pathway revealed broad reduction of pathway activation by IL-1Ra-MSCs cultured on both stiffer and softer μCs compared to Synthemax, where phosphorylated c-Jun, ATF2, and MEK1 were reduced specifically on softer μCs. Overall, this study showed that μC surfaces can influence the secretory activity of genetically modified MSCs and identified associated changes in MAPK pathway signaling, which is a known central regulator of cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Doron
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Levi B. Wood
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
- Parker
H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Knight
Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Parker
H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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24
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Lee RH, Boregowda SV, Shigemoto-Kuroda T, Bae E, Haga CL, Abbery CA, Bayless KJ, Haskell A, Gregory CA, Ortiz LA, Phinney DG. TWIST1 and TSG6 are coordinately regulated and function as potency biomarkers in human MSCs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2387. [PMID: 37948519 PMCID: PMC10637745 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been evaluated in >1500 clinical trials, but outcomes remain suboptimal because of knowledge gaps in quality attributes that confer potency. We show that TWIST1 directly represses TSG6 expression that TWIST1 and TSG6 are inversely correlated across bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) donor cohorts and predict interdonor differences in their proangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immune suppressive activity in vitro and in sterile inflammation and autoimmune type 1 diabetes preclinical models. Transcript profiling of TWIST1HiTSG6Low versus TWISTLowTSG6Hi BM-MSCs revealed previously unidentified roles for TWIST1/TSG6 in regulating cellular oxidative stress and TGF-β2 in modulating TSG6 expression and anti-inflammatory activity. TWIST1 and TSG6 levels also correlate to donor stature and predict differences in iPSC-derived MSC quality attributes. These results validate TWIST1 and TSG6 as biomarkers that predict interdonor differences in potency across laboratories and assay platforms, thereby providing a means to manufacture MSC products tailored to specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryang Hwa Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Siddaraju V. Boregowda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Taeko Shigemoto-Kuroda
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - EunHye Bae
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Christopher L. Haga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Colette A. Abbery
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Kayla J. Bayless
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Andrew Haskell
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Carl A. Gregory
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Luis A. Ortiz
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Donald G. Phinney
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
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25
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Van Grouw A, Colonna MB, Maughon TS, Shen X, Larey AM, Moore SG, Yeago C, Fernández FM, Edison AS, Stice SL, Bowles-Welch AC, Marklein RA. Development of a Robust Consensus Modeling Approach for Identifying Cellular and Media Metabolites Predictive of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Potency. Stem Cells 2023; 41:792-808. [PMID: 37279550 PMCID: PMC10427967 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promise in regenerative medicine applications due in part to their ability to modulate immune cells. However, MSCs demonstrate significant functional heterogeneity in terms of their immunomodulatory function because of differences in MSC donor/tissue source, as well as non-standardized manufacturing approaches. As MSC metabolism plays a critical role in their ability to expand to therapeutic numbers ex vivo, we comprehensively profiled intracellular and extracellular metabolites throughout the expansion process to identify predictors of immunomodulatory function (T-cell modulation and indoleamine-2,3-dehydrogenase (IDO) activity). Here, we profiled media metabolites in a non-destructive manner through daily sampling and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as well as MSC intracellular metabolites at the end of expansion using mass spectrometry (MS). Using a robust consensus machine learning approach, we were able to identify panels of metabolites predictive of MSC immunomodulatory function for 10 independent MSC lines. This approach consisted of identifying metabolites in 2 or more machine learning models and then building consensus models based on these consensus metabolite panels. Consensus intracellular metabolites with high predictive value included multiple lipid classes (such as phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and sphingomyelins) while consensus media metabolites included proline, phenylalanine, and pyruvate. Pathway enrichment identified metabolic pathways significantly associated with MSC function such as sphingolipid signaling and metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and autophagy. Overall, this work establishes a generalizable framework for identifying consensus predictive metabolites that predict MSC function, as well as guiding future MSC manufacturing efforts through identification of high-potency MSC lines and metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Van Grouw
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maxwell B Colonna
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ty S Maughon
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xunan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew M Larey
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Samuel G Moore
- Systems Mass Spectrometry Core, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carolyn Yeago
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles-Welch
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ross A Marklein
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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26
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Copp G, Robb KP, Viswanathan S. Culture-expanded mesenchymal stromal cell therapy: does it work in knee osteoarthritis? A pathway to clinical success. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:626-650. [PMID: 37095295 PMCID: PMC10229578 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative multifactorial disease with concomitant structural, inflammatory, and metabolic changes that fluctuate in a temporal and patient-specific manner. This complexity has contributed to refractory responses to various treatments. MSCs have shown promise as multimodal therapeutics in mitigating OA symptoms and disease progression. Here, we evaluated 15 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and 11 nonrandomized RCTs using culture-expanded MSCs in the treatment of knee OA, and we found net positive effects of MSCs on mitigating pain and symptoms (improving function in 12/15 RCTs relative to baseline and in 11/15 RCTs relative to control groups at study endpoints) and on cartilage protection and/or repair (18/21 clinical studies). We examined MSC dose, tissue of origin, and autologous vs. allogeneic origins as well as patient clinical phenotype, endotype, age, sex and level of OA severity as key parameters in parsing MSC clinical effectiveness. The relatively small sample size of 610 patients limited the drawing of definitive conclusions. Nonetheless, we noted trends toward moderate to higher doses of MSCs in select OA patient clinical phenotypes mitigating pain and leading to structural improvements or cartilage preservation. Evidence from preclinical studies is supportive of MSC anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, but additional investigations on immunomodulatory, chondroprotective and other clinical mechanisms of action are needed. We hypothesize that MSC basal immunomodulatory "fitness" correlates with OA treatment efficacy, but this hypothesis needs to be validated in future studies. We conclude with a roadmap articulating the need to match an OA patient subset defined by molecular endotype and clinical phenotype with basally immunomodulatory "fit" or engineered-to-be-fit-for-OA MSCs in well-designed, data-intensive clinical trials to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Copp
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin P Robb
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Uwazie CC, Faircloth TU, Parr RN, Reddy YU, Hematti P, Rajan D, Chinnadurai R. Contrariety of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Functionality in Modulating Circulatory Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Subsets. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050725. [PMID: 37237538 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow are widely tested in clinical trials as a cellular therapy for potential inflammatory disorders. The mechanism of action of MSCs in mediating immune modulation is of wide interest. In the present study, we investigated the effect of human bone-marrow-derived MSCs in modulating the circulating peripheral blood dendritic cell responses through flow cytometry and multiplex secretome technology upon their coculture ex vivo. Our results demonstrated that MSCs do not significantly modulate the responses of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. However, MSCs dose-dependently promote the maturation of myeloid dendritic cells. Mechanistic analysis showed that dendritic cell licensing cues (Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-gamma) stimulate MSCs to secret an array of dendritic cell maturation-associated secretory factors. We also identified that MSC-mediated upregulation of myeloid dendritic cell maturation is associated with the unique predictive secretome signature. Overall, the present study demonstrated the dichotomy of MSC functionality in modulating myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. This study provides clues that clinical trials need to investigate if circulating dendritic cell subsets in MSC therapy can serve as potency biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal C Uwazie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
| | - Tyler U Faircloth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
| | - Rhett N Parr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
| | - Yenamala U Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Devi Rajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31324, USA
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28
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Biomanufacturing Recombinantly Expressed Cripto-1 Protein in Anchorage-Dependent Mammalian Cells Growing in Suspension Bioreactors within a Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Microcarrier. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030243. [PMID: 36975692 PMCID: PMC10048735 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotherapeutic soluble proteins that are recombinantly expressed in mammalian cells can pose a challenge when biomanufacturing in three-dimensional (3D) suspension culture systems. Herein, we tested a 3D hydrogel microcarrier for a suspension culture of HEK293 cells overexpressing recombinant Cripto-1 protein. Cripto-1 is an extracellular protein that is involved in developmental processes and has recently been reported to have therapeutic effects in alleviating muscle injury and diseases by regulating muscle regeneration through satellite cell progression toward the myogenic lineage. Cripto-overexpressing HEK293 cell lines were cultured in microcarriers made from poly (ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen (PF) hydrogels, which provided the 3D substrate for cell growth and protein production in stirred bioreactors. The PF microcarriers were designed with sufficient strength to resist hydrodynamic deterioration and biodegradation associated with suspension culture in stirred bioreactors for up to 21 days. The yield of purified Cripto-1 obtained using the 3D PF microcarriers was significantly higher than that obtained with a two-dimensional (2D) culture system. The bioactivity of the 3D-produced Cripto-1 was equivalent to commercially available Cripto-1 in terms of an ELISA binding assay, a muscle cell proliferation assay, and a myogenic differentiation assay. Taken together, these data indicate that 3D microcarriers made from PF can be combined with mammalian cell expression systems to improve the biomanufacturing of protein-based therapeutics for muscle injuries.
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29
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Alcayaga-Miranda F, Dutra Silva J, Parada N, Andrade da Silva LH, Ferreira Cruz F, Utreras Y, Hidalgo Y, Cádiz MI, Tapia Limonchi R, Espinoza F, Bruhn A, Khoury M, R. M. Rocco P, Cuenca J. Safety and efficacy of clinical-grade, cryopreserved menstrual blood mesenchymal stromal cells in experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1031331. [PMID: 36793446 PMCID: PMC9923023 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1031331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment for critical care conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requires ready-to-administer injectable mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). A validated cryopreserved therapy based on MSCs derived from menstrual blood (MenSCs) is an attractive option that offers advantages over freshly cultured cells and allows its use as an off-the-shelf therapy in acute clinical conditions. The main goal of this study is to provide evidence on the impact of cryopreservation on different biological functions of MenSCs and to determine the optimal therapeutic dose, safety, and efficacy profile of clinical-grade, cryopreserved (cryo)-MenSCs in experimental ARDS. Methods: Biological functions of fresh versus cryo-MenSCs were compared in vitro. The effects of cryo-MenSCs therapy were evaluated in vivo in ARDS-induced (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide) C57BL/6 mice. After 24 h, the animals were treated with five doses ranging from 0.25×105 to 1.25×106 cells/animal. At 2 and 7 days after induction of ARDS, safety and efficacy were evaluated. Results: Clinical-grade cryo-MenSCs injections improved lung mechanics and reduced alveolar collapse, tissue cellularity, and remodelling, decreasing elastic and collagen fiber content in alveolar septa. In addition, administration of these cells modulated inflammatory mediators and promoted pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic effects in lung-injured animals. More beneficial effects were observed with an optimal dose of 4×106 cells/Kg than with higher or lower doses. Conclusion: From a translational perspective, the results showed that clinical-grade cryopreserved MenSCs retain their biological properties and exert a therapeutic effect in mild to moderate experimental ARDS. The optimal therapeutic dose was well-tolerated, safe, and effective, favouring improved lung function. These findings support the potential value of an off-the-shelf MenSCs-based product as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile,IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johnatas Dutra Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicol Parada
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa Helena Andrade da Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yildy Utreras
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yessia Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Ignacia Cádiz
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Tapia Limonchi
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Espinoza
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile,IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Bruhn
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile,IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jimena Cuenca
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile,IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile,*Correspondence: Jimena Cuenca,
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30
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Baliña-Sánchez C, Aguilera Y, Adán N, Sierra-Párraga JM, Olmedo-Moreno L, Panadero-Morón C, Cabello-Laureano R, Márquez-Vega C, Martín-Montalvo A, Capilla-González V. Generation of mesenchymal stromal cells from urine-derived iPSCs of pediatric brain tumor patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1022676. [PMID: 36776860 PMCID: PMC9910217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1022676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a virtually inexhaustible source of starting material for next generation cell therapies, offering new opportunities for regenerative medicine. Among different cell sources for the generation of iPSCs, urine cells are clinically relevant since these cells can be repeatedly obtained by non-invasive methods from patients of any age and health condition. These attributes encourage patients to participate in preclinical and clinical research. In particular, the use of urine-derived iPSC products is a convenient strategy for children with brain tumors, which are medically fragile patients. Here, we investigate the feasibility of using urine samples as a source of somatic cells to generate iPSC lines from pediatric patients with brain tumors (BT-iPSC). Urinary epithelial cells were isolated and reprogrammed using non-integrative Sendai virus vectors harboring the Yamanaka factors KLF4, OCT3/4, SOX2 and C-MYC. After reprogramming, BT-iPSC lines were subject to quality assessment and were compared to iPSCs obtained from urine samples of non-tumor pediatric patients (nonT-iPSC). We demonstrated that iPSCs can be successfully derived from a small volume of urine obtained from pediatric patients. Importantly, we showed that BT-iPSCs are equivalent to nonT-iPSCs in terms of morphology, pluripotency, and differentiation capacity into the three germ layers. In addition, both BT-iPSCs and nonT-iPSCs efficiently differentiated into functional mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (iMSC) with immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, this study provides an attractive approach to non-invasively generate personalized iMSC products intended for the treatment of children with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Baliña-Sánchez
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Yolanda Aguilera
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Norma Adán
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús María Sierra-Párraga
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Olmedo-Moreno
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Concepción Panadero-Morón
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Martín-Montalvo
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain,*Correspondence: Vivian Capilla-González,
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Smolinska V, Csobonyeiova M, Zamborsky R, Danisovic L. Stem Cells and Their Derivatives: An Implication for the Regeneration of Nonunion Fractures. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231183530. [PMID: 37462248 PMCID: PMC10363876 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231183530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in biomedical research, fracture nonunion rates have remained stable throughout the years. Long-bone fractures have a high likelihood of nonunion, but the specific biological pathways involved in this severe consequence are unknown. Fractures often heal in an organized sequence, including the production of a hematoma and an early stage of inflammation, the development of a soft callus and hard callus, and eventually the stage of bone remodeling. Deficient healing can result in a persistent bone defect with instability, discomfort, and loss of function. In the treatment of nonunions, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prove to be a promising and safe alternative to the standard therapeutic strategies. Moreover, novel scaffolds are being created in order to use a synergistic biomimetic technique to rapidly generate bone tissue. MSCs respond to acellular biomimetic matrices by regenerating bone. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs have recently gained interest in the field of musculoskeletal regeneration. Although many of these techniques and technologies are still in the preclinical stage and have not yet been approved for use in humans, novel approaches to accelerate bone healing via MSCs and/or MSC derivatives have the potential to reduce the physical, economic, and social burdens associated with nonhealing fractures and bone defects. In this review, we focus on providing an up-to-date summary of recent scientific studies dealing with the treatment of nonunion fractures in clinical and preclinical settings employing MSC-based therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Smolinska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
| | - Maria Csobonyeiova
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Zamborsky
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Children’s Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine–Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine–Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Chinnadurai R. Advanced Technologies for Potency Assay Measurement. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:81-95. [PMID: 37258785 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Crucial for their application, cell products need to be well-characterized in the cell manufacturing facilities and conform to regulatory approval criteria before infusion into the patients. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are the leading cell therapy candidate in clinical trials worldwide. Early phase clinical trials have demonstrated that MSCs display an excellent safety profile and are well tolerated. However, MSCs have also exhibited contradictory efficacy in later-phase clinical trials with reasons for this discrepancy including poorly understood mechanism of MSC therapeutic action. With likelihood that a number of attributes are involved in MSC derived clinical benefit, an assay that measures a single quality of may not adequately reflect potency, thus a combination of bioassays and analytical methods, collectively called "assay matrix" are favoured for defining the potency of MSC more adequately. This chapter highlights advanced technologies and targets that can achieve quantitative measurement for a range of MSC attributes, including immunological, genomic, secretome, phosphorylation, morphological, biomaterial, angiogenic and metabolic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA.
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Chinnadurai R, Viswanathan S, Moll G. Editorial: Next generation MSC therapy manufacturing, potency and mechanism of action analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192636. [PMID: 37153609 PMCID: PMC10161792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Raghavan Chinnadurai, ; Sowmya Viswanathan, ; Guido Moll,
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Raghavan Chinnadurai, ; Sowmya Viswanathan, ; Guido Moll,
| | - Guido Moll
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, all Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Raghavan Chinnadurai, ; Sowmya Viswanathan, ; Guido Moll,
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Soleimani M, Masoumi A, Momenaei B, Cheraqpour K, Koganti R, Chang AY, Ghassemi M, Djalilian AR. Applications of mesenchymal stem cells in ocular surface diseases: sources and routes of delivery. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:509-525. [PMID: 36719365 PMCID: PMC10313829 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2175605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are novel, promising agents for treating ocular surface disorders. MSCs can be isolated from several tissues and delivered by local or systemic routes. They produce several trophic factors and cytokines, which affect immunomodulatory, transdifferentiating, angiogenic, and pro-survival pathways in their local microenvironment via paracrine secretion. Moreover, they exert their therapeutic effect through a contact-dependent manner. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the characteristics, sources, delivery methods, and applications of MSCs in ocular surface disorders. We also explore the potential application of MSCs to inhibit senescence at the ocular surface. EXPERT OPINION Therapeutic application of MSCs in ocular surface disorders are currently under investigation. One major research area is corneal epitheliopathies, including chemical or thermal burns, limbal stem cell deficiency, neurotrophic keratopathy, and infectious keratitis. MSCs can promote corneal epithelial repair and prevent visually devastating sequelae of non-healing wounds. However, the optimal dosages and delivery routes have yet to be determined and further clinical trials are needed to address these fundamental questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Masoumi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Momenaei
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arthur Y Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Ghassemi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Miclau K, Hambright WS, Huard J, Stoddart MJ, Bahney CS. Cellular expansion of MSCs: Shifting the regenerative potential. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13759. [PMID: 36536521 PMCID: PMC9835588 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal-derived stromal or progenitor cells, commonly called "MSCs," have attracted significant clinical interest for their remarkable abilities to promote tissue regeneration and reduce inflammation. Recent studies have shown that MSCs' therapeutic effects, originally attributed to the cells' direct differentiation capacity into the tissue of interest, are largely driven by the biomolecules the cells secrete, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles containing miRNA. This secretome coordinates upregulation of endogenous repair and immunomodulation in the local microenvironment through crosstalk of MSCs with host tissue cells. Therapeutic applications for MSCs and their secretome-derived products often involve in vitro monolayer expansion. However, consecutive passaging of MSCs significantly alters their therapeutic potential, inducing a broad shift from a pro-regenerative to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. A consistent by-product of in vitro expansion of MSCs is the onset of replicative senescence, a state of cell arrest characterized by an increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. However, little is known about changes in the secretome profile at different stages of in vitro expansion. Some culture conditions and bioprocessing techniques have shown promise in more effectively retaining the pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory MSC phenotype throughout expansion. Understanding how in vitro expansion conditions influence the nature and function of MSCs, and their associated secretome, may provide key insights into the underlying mechanisms driving these alterations. Elucidating the dynamic and diverse changes in the MSC secretome at each stage of in vitro expansion is a critical next step in the development of standardized, safe, and effective MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Miclau
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine (CRPM)Steadman Philippon Research InstituteVailColoradoUSA
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI)University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - William S. Hambright
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine (CRPM)Steadman Philippon Research InstituteVailColoradoUSA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine (CRPM)Steadman Philippon Research InstituteVailColoradoUSA
| | - Martin J. Stoddart
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI)University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chelsea S. Bahney
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine (CRPM)Steadman Philippon Research InstituteVailColoradoUSA
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
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Porter AP, Pirlot BM, Dyer K, Uwazie CC, Nguyen J, Turner C, Rajan D, Hematti P, Chinnadurai R. Conglomeration of T- and B-Cell Matrix Responses Determines the Potency of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:1134-1148. [PMID: 36056823 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell manufacturing facilities need to define the potency of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as cellular therapeutics in advanced clinical trials or marketing approval. Since MSCs' mechanism of action in humans is not well defined, more than a single functional property of MSCs needs to be captured as a surrogate measure of potency utilizing assay matrix technologies. However, the current limitation is the sole investigation of MSC-mediated T-cell suppression as a surrogate measure of potency. We investigated the effect of MSCs on B-cell matrix responses to be incorporated into the assay matrix potency analytical system. Our results demonstrate that MSCs inhibit B-cell differentiation and block pan-antibody secretion upon activation of B cells in the PBMCs. In contrast, MSCs are inferior in blocking B-cell matrix responses when purified B cells are used. Mechanistic analysis has demonstrated that MSC-mediated inhibition of B-cell matrix responses is non-contact dependent and Tryptophan metabolic pathway plays a major role, akin to the mechanism of MSC-mediated T-cell suppression. MSCs also inhibit both T-cell and B-cell responses when both of these lymphoid populations are concurrently activated in the PBMCs. Secretome analysis of MSC and T/B cell-activated PBMC cocultures identified direct and inverse correlative matrix signatures between humoral antibody isotypes and secretory molecules. The current analysis of the combined and concomitant investigation of T-cell and B-cell matrix responses fulfills the potency assay matrix strategy by incorporating MSCs' interaction with more than a single inflammatory immune responder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Bonnie M Pirlot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Kalyn Dyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Crystal C Uwazie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Jimmy Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Caitlin Turner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Devi Rajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
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Zhu L, Wang S, Qu J, Hui Z, Kan C, Hou N, Sun X. The Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:329-342. [PMID: 35877064 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in many tissues and can differentiate into cells of multiple lineages, such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondrocytes. MSC administration has demonstrated therapeutic potential in various degenerative and inflammatory diseases (e.g., graft-vs.-host disease, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, organ fibrosis, and diabetes mellitus [DM]). The mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of MSCs are multifaceted. Generally, implanted MSCs can migrate to sites of injury, where they establish an anti-inflammatory and regenerative microenvironment in damaged tissues. In addition, MSCs can modulate innate and adaptive immune responses through immunosuppressive mechanisms that involve immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and immunomodulatory factors. DM has a high prevalence worldwide; it also contributes to a high rate of mortality worldwide. MSCs offer a promising therapeutic agent to prevent or repair damage from DM and diabetic complications through properties such as multilineage differentiation, homing, promotion of angiogenesis, and immunomodulation (e.g., prevention of oxidative stress, fibrosis, and cell death). In this study, we review current findings regarding the immunomodulatory and regenerative mechanisms of MSCs, as well as their therapeutic applications in DM and DM-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - JunSheng Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zongguang Hui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Almeria C, Kreß S, Weber V, Egger D, Kasper C. Heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles is highly impacted by the tissue/cell source and culture conditions. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:51. [PMID: 35501833 PMCID: PMC9063275 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures exerting major effects in physiological as well as pathological processes by functioning as vehicles for the delivery of biomolecules to their target cells. An increasing number of effects previously attributed to cell-based therapies have been recognized to be actually mediated by EVs derived from the respective cells, suggesting the administration of purified EVs instead of living cells for cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on the heterogeneity of EVs derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) and summarize upstream process parameters that crucially affect the resulting therapeutic properties and biological functions. Hereby, we discuss the effects of the cell source, medium composition, 3D culture, bioreactor culture and hypoxia. Furthermore, aspects of the isolation and storage strategies influences EVs are described. Conclusively, optimization of upstream process parameters should focus on controlling MSC-derived EV heterogeneity for specific therapeutic applications.
Graphical Abstract
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da Graça Cabreira M, Wang X, Critsinelis A, Setegne M, Lotfi P, Wan YW, Barrios G, Mei Z, Gee AP, Buja LM, Perin E. Environmental oxygen affects ex vivo growth and proliferation of mesenchymal progenitors by modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1201-1210. [PMID: 36109320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Stem and progenitor cells of hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages reside in the bone marrow under low oxygen (O2) saturation. O2 levels used in ex vivo expansion of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) affect proliferation, metabolism and differentiation. METHODS Using cell-based assays and transcriptome and proteome data, the authors compared MSC cultures simultaneously grown under a conventional 19.95% O2 atmosphere or at 5% O2. RESULTS In 5% O2, MSCs showed better proliferation and higher self-renewal ability, most probably sustained by enhanced signaling activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Non-oxidative glycolysis-based energy metabolism supported growth and proliferation in 5% O2 cultures, whereas MSCs grown under 19.95% O2 also utilized oxidative phosphorylation. Cytoprotection mechanisms used by cells under 5% O2 differed from 19.95% O2 suggesting differences in the triggers of cell stress between these two O2 conditions. CONCLUSIONS Based on the potential benefits for the growth and metabolism of MSCs, the authors propose the use of 5% O2 for MSC culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Mekedlawit Setegne
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Predoctoral Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Parisa Lotfi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriela Barrios
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhuyong Mei
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adrian P Gee
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Louis Maximilian Buja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emerson Perin
- Center for Clinical Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zhao X, Wang Z, Ji X, Bu S, Fang P, Wang Y, Wang M, Yang Y, Zhang W, Leung AY, Shi P. Discrete single-cell microRNA analysis for phenotyping the heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Robb KP, Audet J, Gandhi R, Viswanathan S. Putative critical quality attribute matrix identifies mesenchymal stromal cells with potent immunomodulatory and angiogenic "fitness" ranges in response to culture process parameters. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972095. [PMID: 36532069 PMCID: PMC9747767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC(AT)) display immunomodulatory and angiogenic properties, but an improved understanding of quantitative critical quality attributes (CQAs) that inform basal MSC(AT) fitness ranges for immunomodulatory and/or angiogenic applications is urgently needed for effective clinical translation. We constructed an in vitro matrix of multivariate readouts to identify putative CQAs that were sensitive enough to discriminate between specific critical processing parameters (CPPs) chosen for their ability to enhance MSC immunomodulatory and angiogenic potencies, with consideration for donor heterogeneity. We compared 3D aggregate culture conditions (3D normoxic, 3D-N) and 2D hypoxic (2D-H) culture as non-genetic CPP conditions that augment immunomodulatory and angiogenic fitness of MSC(AT). We measured multivariate panels of curated genes, soluble factors, and morphometric features for MSC(AT) cultured under varying CPP and licensing conditions, and we benchmarked these against two functional and therapeutically relevant anchor assays - in vitro monocyte/macrophage (MΦ) polarization and in vitro angiogenesis. Our results showed that varying CPP conditions was the primary driver of MSC(AT) immunomodulatory fitness; 3D-N conditions induced greater MSC(AT)-mediated MΦ polarization toward inflammation-resolving subtypes. In contrast, donor heterogeneity was the primary driver of MSC(AT) angiogenic fitness. Our analysis further revealed panels of putative CQAs with minimum and maximum values that consisted of twenty MSC(AT) characteristics that informed immunomodulatory fitness ranges, and ten MSC(AT) characteristics that informed angiogenic fitness ranges. Interestingly, many of the putative CQAs consisted of angiogenic genes or soluble factors that were inversely correlated with immunomodulatory functions (THBS1, CCN2, EDN1, PDGFA, VEGFA, EDIL3, ANGPT1, and ANG genes), and positively correlated to angiogenic functions (VEGF protein), respectively. We applied desirability analysis to empirically rank the putative CQAs for MSC(AT) under varying CPP conditions and donors to numerically identify the desirable CPP conditions or donors with maximal MSC(AT) immunomodulatory and/or angiogenic fitness. Taken together, our approach enabled combinatorial analysis of the matrix of multivariate readouts to provide putative quantitative CQAs that were sensitive to variations in select CPPs that enhance MSC immunomodulatory/angiogenic potency, and donor heterogeneity. These putative CQAs may be used to prospectively screen potent MSC(AT) donors or cell culture conditions to optimize for desired basal MSC(AT) immunomodulatory or angiogenic fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Robb
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Audet
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajiv Gandhi
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Sowmya Viswanathan,
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Preclinical Evaluation of the Tumorigenic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Populations with Clonal Trisomy 5. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1613636. [PMID: 36035513 PMCID: PMC9417782 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1613636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic aberrations may emerge in human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) during ex vivo expansion for cell therapy. We have detected clonal trisomy 5 in two distinct autologous MSC products expanded from bone marrow which, based on the current quality control criteria, could not be released for clinical use. Although a safety concern, it is still unclear to what extent recurrent aneuploidies detected in MSC products may affect the threshold for neoplastic transformation or the medicinal properties of these cells. We have carried out an exploratory preclinical study to evaluate these MSC products with clonal trisomy 5, regarding their oncogenic and immunomodulatory potential. Cell population growth in vitro was reduced in MSC cultures with clonal trisomy 5 compared with the population growth of their euploid MSC counterparts, based on a lower cumulative population doubling level, reduced cell proliferation index, and increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Subcutaneous injection of clinically relevant amount of MSC population, either with or without clonal trisomy 5, did not generate tumors in immunodeficient mice within a follow-up period of six months. Most importantly, MSC population with clonal trisomy 5 kept immunomodulatory properties upon interferon gamma (IFNγ) licensing, displaying overexpression of IDO, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, in a similar fashion than that of IFNγ-licensed euploid MSC. Our findings suggest that bone marrow MSC products with clonal trisomy 5 may retain their therapeutic potential, based on poor tumor initiating capability and preserved immunomodulatory potency. This preclinical evidence may further support the definition of release criteria of autologous MSC products for cell therapy under critical clinical scenarios. This trial is registered with Clinical Study registration number: RBR-29x2pr.
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Practical Considerations for Translating Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Bench to Bed. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081684. [PMID: 36015310 PMCID: PMC9414392 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown potential for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. This approach can eliminate the need to transplant live cells to the human body, thereby reducing issues related to the maintenance of cell viability and stability and potential erroneous differentiation of transplanted cells to bone or tumor. Despite these advantages, there are practical issues that need to be considered for successful clinical application of MSC-EV-based products in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. This review aims to discuss the general and tissue-specific considerations for manufacturing MSC-EVs for clinical translation. Specifically, we will discuss Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant manufacturing and quality control (parent cell source, culture conditions, concentration method, quantity, identity, purity and impurities, sterility, potency, reproducibility, storage and formulation), as well as safety and efficacy issues. Special considerations for applying MSC-EVs, such as their compatibility with arthroscopy for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, are also highlighted.
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Zhang Y, Na T, Zhang K, Yang Y, Xu H, Wei L, Xu L, Yan X, Liu W, Liu G, Wang B, Meng S, Du Y. GMP-grade microcarrier and automated closed industrial scale cell production platform for culture of MSCs. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:934-944. [PMID: 35929499 DOI: 10.1002/term.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and large-scale expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) has always been a formidable challenge to researchers in cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. To reconcile major drawbacks of 2D planar culturing system, we innovatively developed an automated closed industrial scale cell production (ACISCP) platform based on GMP-grade microcarrier for culture of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UCMSCs), in accordance with the criteria of stem cell bank. ACISCP system is a fully closed system, which employs different models of vivaSPIN bioreactors (CytoNiche Biotech, China) for scale-up cell culture and vivaPREP (CytoNiche Biotech, China) for automated cell harvesting and cell dosage preparation. To realize industrial scale expansion of UCMSCs, a three-stage expansion was conducted with 1 L, 5 and 15 L vivaSPIN bioreactors. Using 3D TableTrix® and ACISCP system, we inoculated 1.5 × 107 of UCMSCs into 1 L vivaSPIN bioreactor and finally scaled to two 15 L bioreactor. A final yield of 2.09 × 1010 cells with an overall expansion factor of 1975 within 13 days. The cells were harvested, concentrated, washed and prepared automatically with vivaPREP. The entire process was realized with ACISCP platform and was totally enclosed. Critical quality attributes (CQA) assessments and release tests of MSCs, including sterility, safety, purity, viability, identity, stability and potency were performed accordingly. The quality of cells harvested from 3D culture on the ACISCP and conventional 2D planar culture counterpart has no significant difference. This study provides a bioprocess engineering platform, harnessing GMP-grade 3D TableTrix® microcarriers and ACISCP to achieve industrial-scale manufacturing of clinical-grade hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Na
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Kehua Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Huanye Xu
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | | - Bin Wang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shufang Meng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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45
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Cheng J, Sun Y, Ma Y, Ao Y, Hu X, Meng Q. Engineering of MSC-Derived Exosomes: A Promising Cell-Free Therapy for Osteoarthritis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080739. [PMID: 36005656 PMCID: PMC9413347 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration with increasing prevalence and unsatisfactory treatment efficacy. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in alleviating OA by promoting cartilage regeneration, inhibiting synovial inflammation and mediating subchondral bone remodeling without the risk of immune rejection and tumorigenesis. However, low yield, weak activity, inefficient targeting ability and unpredictable side effects of natural exosomes have limited their clinical application. At present, various approaches have been applied in exosome engineering to regulate their production and function, such as pretreatment of parental cells, drug loading, genetic engineering and surface modification. Biomaterials have also been proved to facilitate efficient delivery of exosomes and enhance treatment effectiveness. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the biogenesis, isolation and characterization of natural exosomes, and focus on the large-scale production and preparation of engineered exosomes, as well as their therapeutic potential in OA, thus providing novel insights into exploring advanced MSC-derived exosome-based cell-free therapy for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yixin Sun
- Peking Unversity First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100034, China;
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (Q.M.); Tel.: +86-010-8226-5680 (Q.M.)
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (Q.M.); Tel.: +86-010-8226-5680 (Q.M.)
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46
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Lipat AJ, Cottle C, Pirlot BM, Mitchell J, Pando B, Helmly B, Kosko J, Rajan D, Hematti P, Chinnadurai R. Chemokine Assay Matrix Defines the Potency of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:971-986. [PMID: 35881077 PMCID: PMC9492268 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Potency analysis of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is required for their use in advanced clinical trials. Assay matrix strategy evaluating more than a single property of MSCs is an emerging strategy in potency analysis. Here we developed an assay matrix approach focusing on the secretory chemokine responses of MSCs using multiplex analytical method. MSCs’ innate fitness in secreting matrix of chemokines is correlated with their metabolic fitness in differential degrees. In addition, innately secreting chemokines are correlated among themselves in a unique pattern. MSC’s matrix chemokine responses to exogenous stimulation of IFNγ and/or TNFα are distinct. However, the combination of IFNγ and TNFα is superior than individual stimulations in eliciting robust and broad matrix chemokine responses of MSCs. Correlation matrix analysis has identified that chemokine responses to IFNγ and/or TNFα display unique correlative secretion patterns. MSC and peripheral blood mononuclear cells coculture analysis has identified the correlation matrix responses of chemokines that predicted immune suppression. In addition, MSC-mediated blocking of T-cell proliferation predominantly correlates with chemokines in an inverse manner. Knockdown of chemokines has demonstrated that MSC-sourced inherent chemokines do not actively play a role in T-cell suppression and thus are the bystander predictors of T-cell suppression. The present analysis of MSC’s matrix chemokine responses can be deployed in the advanced potency analysis of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Joy Lipat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Chasen Cottle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Bonnie M Pirlot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - James Mitchell
- Diagnostic Radiology, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Brian Pando
- Diagnostic Radiology, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Brian Helmly
- Diagnostic Radiology, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Joanna Kosko
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Devi Rajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
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Wiese DM, Wood CA, Ford BN, Braid LR. Cytokine Activation Reveals Tissue-Imprinted Gene Profiles of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:917790. [PMID: 35924240 PMCID: PMC9341285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of standardized metrics to support manufacturing and regulatory approval of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) products is confounded by heterogeneity of MSC populations. Many reports describe fundamental differences between MSCs from various tissues and compare unstimulated and activated counterparts. However, molecular information comparing biological profiles of activated MSCs across different origins and donors is limited. To better understand common and source-specific mechanisms of action, we compared the responses of 3 donor populations each of human umbilical cord (UC) and bone marrow (BM) MSCs to TNF-α, IL-1β or IFN-γ. Transcriptome profiles were analysed by microarray and select secretome profiles were assessed by multiplex immunoassay. Unstimulated (resting) UC and BM-MSCs differentially expressed (DE) 174 genes. Signatures of TNF-α-stimulated BM and UC-MSCs included 45 and 14 new DE genes, respectively, while all but 7 of the initial 174 DE genes were expressed at comparable levels after licensing. After IL-1β activation, only 5 of the 174 DE genes remained significantly different, while 6 new DE genes were identified. IFN-γ elicited a robust transcriptome response from both cell types, yet nearly all differences (171/174) between resting populations were attenuated. Nine DE genes predominantly corresponding to immunogenic cell surface proteins emerged as a BM-MSC signature of IFN-γ activation. Changes in protein synthesis of select analytes correlated modestly with transcript levels. The dynamic responses of licensed MSCs documented herein, which attenuated heterogeneity between unstimulated populations, provide new insight into common and source-imprinted responses to cytokine activation and can inform strategic development of meaningful, standardized assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barry N. Ford
- Defence Research and Development Canada Suffield Research Centre, Casualty Management Section, Medicine Hat, AB, Canada
| | - Lorena R. Braid
- Aurora BioSolutions Inc., Medicine Hat, AB, Canada
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Lorena R. Braid, ;
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Dave C, Mei SHJ, McRae A, Hum C, Sullivan KJ, Champagne J, Ramsay T, McIntyre L. Comparison of freshly cultured versus cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of inflammation: A pre-clinical systematic review. eLife 2022; 11:75053. [PMID: 35838024 PMCID: PMC9286731 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that demonstrate therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory-mediated conditions. Although controversial, some studies suggest that MSCs may lose their functionality with cryopreservation which could render them non-efficacious. Hence, we conducted a systematic review of comparative pre-clinical models of inflammation to determine if there are differences in in vivo measures of pre-clinical efficacy (primary outcomes) and in vitro potency (secondary outcomes) between freshly cultured and cryopreserved MSCs. Methods: A systematic search on OvidMEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and Web of Science (until January 13, 2022) was conducted. The primary outcome included measures of in vivo pre-clinical efficacy; secondary outcomes included measures of in vitro MSC potency. Risk of bias was assessed by the SYRCLE ‘Risk of Bias’ assessment tool for pre-clinical studies. Results: Eighteen studies were included. A total of 257 in vivo pre-clinical efficacy experiments represented 101 distinct outcome measures. Of these outcomes, 2.3% (6/257) were significantly different at the 0.05 level or less; 2 favoured freshly cultured and 4 favoured cryopreserved MSCs. A total of 68 in vitro experiments represented 32 different potency measures; 13% (9/68) of the experiments were significantly different at the 0.05 level or less, with seven experiments favouring freshly cultured MSC and two favouring cryopreserved MSCs. Conclusions: The majority of preclinical primary in vivo efficacy and secondary in vitro potency outcomes were not significantly different (p<0.05) between freshly cultured and cryopreserved MSCs. Our systematic summary of the current evidence base may provide MSC basic and clinical research scientists additional rationale for considering a cryopreserved MSC product in their pre-clinical studies and clinical trials as well as help identify research gaps and guide future related research. Funding: Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Dave
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Shirley H J Mei
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrea McRae
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christine Hum
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Katrina J Sullivan
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Josee Champagne
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tim Ramsay
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lauralyn McIntyre
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Exploring the Immunomodulatory Aspect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Severe Coronavirus Disease 19. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142175. [PMID: 35883618 PMCID: PMC9322532 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, positive sense, single stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus, belonging to the genus Betacoronavirus and family Coronaviridae. It is primarily transmitted from infected persons to healthy ones through inhalation of virus-laden respiratory droplets. After an average incubation period of 2–14 days, the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic and/or mildly symptomatic, whereas the remaining individuals manifest a myriad of clinical symptoms, including fever, sore throat, dry cough, fatigue, chest pain, and breathlessness. SARS-CoV-2 exploits the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor for cellular invasion, and lungs are amongst the most adversely affected organs in the body. Thereupon, immune responses are elicited, which may devolve into a cytokine storm characterized by enhanced secretion of multitude of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and growth factors, such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (bFGF2), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1), interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP10), macrophage inflammatory protein 1A (MIP1A), platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB), and vascular endothelial factor (VEGF)-A. The systemic persistence of inflammatory molecules causes widespread histological injury, leading to functional deterioration of the infected organ(s). Although multiple treatment modalities with varying effectiveness are being employed, nevertheless, there is no curative COVID-19 therapy available to date. In this regard, one plausible supportive therapeutic modality may involve administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or MSC-derived bioactive factors-based secretome to critically ill COVID-19 patients with the intention of accomplishing better clinical outcome owing to their empirically established beneficial effects. MSCs are well established adult stem cells (ASCs) with respect to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, and pro-regenerative properties. The immunomodulatory capabilities of MSCs are not constitutive but rather are highly dependent on a holistic niche. Following intravenous infusion, MSCs are known to undergo considerable histological trapping in the lungs and, therefore, become well positioned to directly engage with lung infiltrating immune cells, and thereby mitigate excessive inflammation and reverse/regenerate damaged alveolar epithelial cells and associated tissue post SARS-CoV-2 infection. Considering the myriad of abovementioned biologically beneficial properties and emerging translational insights, MSCs may be used as potential supportive therapy to counteract cytokine storms and reduce disease severity, thereby facilitating speedy recovery and health restoration.
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GMP Compliant Production of a Cryopreserved Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Product for Feasible and Allogeneic Clinical Use. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4664917. [PMID: 35769340 PMCID: PMC9236818 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4664917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) holds promise of treating a variety of diseases. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are currently being marketed or tested as cell-based therapies in numerous clinical trials. To ensure safety and efficacy of treatments, high-quality products must be manufactured. A good manufacturing practice (GMP) compliant and consistent manufacturing process including validated quality control methods is critical. Product design and formulation are equally important to ensure clinical feasibility. Here, we present a GMP-compliant, xeno-free, and semiautomated manufacturing process and quality controls, used for large-scale production of a cryopreserved off-the-shelf ASC product and tested in several phase I and II allogeneic clinical applications.
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