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Pérol O, Remion R, Charbotel B, Fervers B. Assessment of a Systematic Screening of Occupational Exposures in Malignant Hemopathies in the Rhone-Alpes Area: Prolymphome Study. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2025; 116:16270. [PMID: 40243547 PMCID: PMC12120781 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v116i2.16270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have highlighted the role of environmental exposures in malignant hemopathies etiology. Some patients with malignant hemopathies can be compensated as occupational diseases. The Prolymphome research aimed to assess a systematic screening of occupational exposures in patients with lymphoma or myeloma treated in three hospitals in the Rhône-Alpes region. METHODS Patients received a self-administered questionnaire to fill in at home to collect their job history and potential occupational exposures to carcinogens. A physician assessed the questionnaire to determine if a dedicated consultation was required and the possibility of claiming compensation. Patients were systematically assisted by a social worker for administrative procedures. RESULTS In 12 months, 754 patients were enrolled in the study, and 361 (48%) returned the questionnaire. A specialized consultation was proposed for 123 patients, and 98 patients attended the consultation. Overall, a compensation claim was proposed to 18 patients: 11 have been occupationally exposed to pesticides and seven to trichloroethylene. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed the feasibility of the systematic screening procedure. Barriers were observed at every step of the process, and it underlined that patients are rarely nformed about occupational exposures. As the prevalence of occupational exposures in malignant hemopathies remains scarce, a systematic targeted screening could be relevant in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Pérol
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1296 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Rejane Remion
- UMRESTTE (Unité Mixte IFSTTAR/UCBL), Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service des Maladies Professionnelles, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- UMRESTTE (Unité Mixte IFSTTAR/UCBL), Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service des Maladies Professionnelles, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Beatrice Fervers
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1296 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Hari VG, Nallathambi N, Y V, A K, Naidu SP. The Clinical Profile of Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia at a Tertiary Care Center in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e61234. [PMID: 38939268 PMCID: PMC11210435 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous and aggressive blood malignancy prevalent among both children and adults, accounting for a significant proportion of acute leukemia cases worldwide. Our study aimed to shed light on the demographic and clinical profile and risk stratification of newly diagnosed AML cases at a tertiary care government hospital in South India. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 221 patients with AML in the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital and Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu from January 2020 to December 2022. All data were collected from the hospital database of patients' medical records. A thorough analysis of clinical history, comorbidities, laboratories, risk stratification, and chemotherapy regimen was performed. The patients included in the study were newly diagnosed cases of AML over the age of 13 years, and we excluded all the relapsed cases. Results The highest proportion of patients were in the age group of 41-50 years (22.2%), and there was a significant male predominance (55.7%) in the cohort. Occupationwise, 31% of the study population were farmers, followed by housewives (16.3%). While no identifiable risk factors for AML were found in 191 cases (86.4%), 4.1% had undergone previous chemotherapy, and 3.6% had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Hyperuricemia was noted in 50 cases (22.6%) while 8.6% had tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). About 53.8% of cases fell in the intermediate risk category of AML. Standard induction chemotherapy was administered in 87.3% of cases of AML. Conclusions Gaining awareness and knowledge about the regional demographic data and clinical presentation of AML will aid in the early detection, prompt referral, and initiation of treatment, thereby further improving patient outcomes in the era of targeted therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana G Hari
- Clinical Hematology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Vikram Y
- Hematology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, IND
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Ramanan B, Pizano A, Timaran CH, Siah M, Baig S, Shih M, Guild J, Kirkwood ML. Operator Lower Leg Radiation Dose during Fluoroscopically Guided Interventions is Effectively Reduced by Wearing Lead-Equivalent Leg Wraps. Ann Vasc Surg 2023; 89:161-165. [PMID: 36162628 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensity of radiation scatter that emanates from the X-ray beam during fluoroscopically guided interventions is greater below the fluoroscopy table than above. Yet interventionalists' lower legs are typically unshielded and table skirts are often positioned incorrectly. We sought to characterize the efficacy of the leg protector wraps (Leg Wraps, Burlington Medical Inc.) in reducing the radiation dose to the operator's lower leg during fenestrated and branched endovascular aneurysm repair (F-BEVAR). METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed evaluating the lower leg radiation dose reduction of one vascular surgeon during F/BEVAR using antimony/bismuth Enviro-Lite leg wraps (0.35 mm lead equivalency, 99.7% attenuation at 50 kVp; Burlington Medical, Hampton Roads, Virginia). Optically Stimulated Luminescence nanoDot detectors (microSTARii System, LANDAUER, Inc., Glenwood, Illinois) were placed over and under the left leg wrap at the anterior tibial tuberosity position to compare operator leg dose with and without this additional protection. The table-mounted lead skirt was used consistently in all cases. The nanoDot detectors were cross-calibrated with a survey meter (RaySafe X2 survey sensor, Fluke Biomedical, Cleveland, Ohio) by measuring scattered radiation at a position equivalent to an operator's mid-tibia while performing digital acquisitions of a 25-cm thick, 30 cm × 30 cm acrylic phantom with a Philips FD20 fluoroscope (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) with the table skirt removed. The measured radiation doses were converted to a Hp (0.07) skin dose, assuming an RQR6 beam spectrum (IEC-61267). Paired Wilcoxon test was performed to identify significant attenuation of radiation exposure. RESULTS Leg dose measurements from 40 F-BEVARs were analyzed. The patients had a median (interquartile range) body mass index of 27 (24-32) kg/m2. Median procedure reference air kerma was 1,100 (728-1,601) mGy, kerma-area product was 127 (73-184) Gycm2, and fluoroscopy time was 69 (54-86) min. The median skin dose Hp (0.07) over the leg wraps (n = 40) was 54.2 (24-100) μSv and under the leg wraps (n = 40) was 2.7 μSv (1.0-5.8). The leg wraps attenuated the radiation dose by 95% (89-98%) (P < 0.001). The unprotected, Hp (0.07) per kerma-area product was determined to be 0.38 (0.30-0.55) μSv/Gycm2. CONCLUSIONS The 0.35-mm lead-equivalent leg wraps significantly decreased scattered radiation to the lower leg during F-BEVAR. Protective leg wraps should be recommended to operators performing complex fluoroscopically guided procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Ramanan
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
| | - Alejandro Pizano
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Carlos H Timaran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Michael Siah
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shadman Baig
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Michael Shih
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jeffrey Guild
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Melissa L Kirkwood
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Linabery AM, Roesler MA, Richardson M, Warlick ED, Nguyen PL, Cioc AM, Poynter JN. Personal history of autoimmune disease and other medical conditions and risk of myelodysplastic syndromes. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 76:102090. [PMID: 34995873 PMCID: PMC8792352 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune diseases and hematopoietic malignancies are known to cluster within individuals, suggesting intertwined etiologies. A limited number of studies have evaluated pre-existing medical conditions as risk factors for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We evaluated associations between autoimmune disease and other medical conditions and risk of MDS. METHODS Cases were identified through the Minnesota Cancer Reporting System. Controls were identified through the Minnesota State driver's license/identification card list. History of autoimmune disease and other medical conditions was based on self-report; proxy interviews were not conducted. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS We included 395 cases and 694 controls. Cases were significantly more likely to report a diagnosis of any autoimmune disease when compared with controls (aOR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.05-1.89) after adjustment for age, sex, education, NSAID use, exposure to benzene and body mass index. When we evaluated specific autoimmune conditions, a statistically significant association was observed for hypothyroidism (aOR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.39-3.34) and odds ratios were elevated for inflammatory bowel disease (aOR=1.75) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; aOR=3.65), although these associations did not reach statistical significance. Presence of an autoimmune condition did not impact overall survival (p = 0.91). CONCLUSION Our results validate previous findings of an association between autoimmune disease and MDS. Further studies are required to determine whether this association is due to shared etiology, treatment for autoimmune diseases, or altered immune surveillance or bone marrow damage caused by the autoimmune condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Linabery
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michelle A Roesler
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michaela Richardson
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erica D Warlick
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Phuong L Nguyen
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adina M Cioc
- Division of Hematopathology, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jenny N Poynter
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Ugwu NI, Okoye AE, Ugwu CN, Iyare FE, Edegbe FO, Ugwu GC, Chukwurah EF, Richard IC, John DO, Nnadozie UU, Nwokwu EU. Distribution pattern and prevalence of haematological cancers among adults in Abakaliki, South-Eastern Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2021; 28:266-272. [PMID: 34850754 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_636_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Haematological cancers are clonal diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, with the distribution pattern not known in our locality. This study aimed to describe the distribution pattern and prevalence of haematological cancers among adults in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Materials and Methods This was an 8-year retrospective study in which the hospital records/case notes of adult patients diagnosed and managed for haematological cancers from May 2012 to April 2020 were reviewed. Data obtained were analysed with the SPSS software, version 20. Results One hundred and thirty-five cases of haematological cancers were included in the study, with 72 (53.4%) males and 63 (46.6%) females and male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. The age range was 18-82 years, with a mean age of 49 ± 17 years. Lymphoid malignancies predominate more than myeloid (101 [74.8%] vs. 34 [25.2%]). The leukaemias were more predominant than the lymphomas and myeloma accounting for 48.2%, 36.3% and 7.4%, respectively. Chronic leukaemias were more common than the acute leukaemias with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) being the most common accounting for 24.4% of haematological cancers. In general, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was the most common haematologic cancer accounting for 35 (25.9%), followed by CLL 33 (24.4%), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) 17 (12.6%), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) 14 (10.4%) and multiple myeloma (MM) 10 (7.4%). Others include acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) 9 (6.7%) and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) 6 (4.4%). Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and polycythaemia vera (PV), each contributed 3% while myelofibrosis (MF) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET) contributed 1.5% and 0.7%, respectively. Conclusion This study has shown that haematological cancers are not uncommon in our locality with NHL being the most common, followed by CLL, CML, HL, MM, ALL, AML, MDS, PV. MF and ET in that order. The burden of haematological cancers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria is therefore significant and should be prioritised in health-care policy formulation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngozi Immaculata Ugwu
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Ejike Okoye
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Collins N Ugwu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Festus E Iyare
- Department of Morbid Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Felix Osogu Edegbe
- Department of Morbid Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel Chima Ugwu
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ejike Felix Chukwurah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ugochukwu Uzodimma Nnadozie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Etiology of Acute Leukemia: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092256. [PMID: 34066700 PMCID: PMC8125807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute leukemias are some of the most common cancers affecting all age groups. Despite a significant improvement made in the treatment of acute leukemias, their cause remains unknown. A number of genetic and environmental factors for the development of acute leukemias have been proposed, but none have been proven. Undoubtedly, genetics have a major role in the development of these diseases. The effects of a variety of environmental factors, occupations and hobbies have been explored. A recent “two-hit” theory” for the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been proposed. This combines genetic factors and exposure to infections for the development of this disease. Several genetic factors are suggested. Most recently, for the infection portion, exposure to a virus containing Aspergillus Flavus has been proposed. This review summarizes what is currently known about the factors that are proposed for the development of acute leukemias. Abstract Acute leukemias constitute some of the most common malignant disorders. Despite significant progress made in the treatment of these disorders, their etiology remains unknown. A large and diverse group of genetic and environmental variables have been proposed. The role of a variety of factors, including pre-existing and acquired genetic mutations, exposure to radiation and various chemicals during preconception, pregnancy and throughout life, have been explored. The effects of inherited genetic variations and disorders, pre-existing diseases, infectious agents, hobbies, occupations, prior treatments, and a host of other factors have been proposed, but none is universally applicable to all cases. Variation in the incidence and prognosis based on the age, sex, race, type of the disease, geographic area of residence and other factors are intriguing but remain unexplained. Advances in genomic profiling, including genome-wide gene expression, DNA copy number and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype, may shed some light on the role of genetics in these disparities. Separate two-hit hypotheses for the development of acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemia have been proposed. The latter combines genetics and infection factors resulting in leukemogenesis. A number of pre- and post-natal environmental conditions and exposure to infections, including a mycovirus infected Aspergillus flavus, have been suggested. The exact nature, timing, sequence of the events and mechanisms resulting in the occurrence of leukemia requires further investigations. This review summarizes some of the above factors in acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemias and the direction for future research on the etiology of these disorders.
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Raj A, Nachiappan V. Hydroquinone exposure accumulates neutral lipid by the activation of CDP-DAG pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:354-367. [PMID: 33884185 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene metabolites (HQ and BQ) are toxic compounds and their presence in human cause alteration in cellular respiration and kidney damage. In the current study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model organism and acute exposure of hydroquinone (HQ) decreased cell growth and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of apoptosis regulatory genes (YCA1, NUC1, YSP1 and AIF1) were increased with HQ exposure in the wild-type cells. HQ exposure in the wild-type cells altered both the phospholipid and neutral lipid levels. Phosphatidylcholine is a vital membrane lipid that has a vital role in membrane biogenesis and was increased significantly with HQ. The neutral lipid results were supported with lipid droplets data and mRNA expression study. The phospholipid knockouts (Kennedy pathway) accumulated neutral lipids via the CDP-DAG (cytidine-diphosphate-diacylglycerol) pathway genes both in the presence and absence of HQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Raj
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jephcote C, Brown D, Verbeek T, Mah A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of haematological malignancies in residents living near petrochemical facilities. Environ Health 2020; 19:53. [PMID: 32430062 PMCID: PMC7236944 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The petrochemical industry is a major source of hazardous and toxic air pollutants that are recognised to have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. A wealth of occupational epidemiology literature exists around the petrochemical industry, with adverse haematological effects identified in employees exposed to 'low' concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene). Releases from the petrochemical industry are also thought to increase the risk of cancer incidence in fenceline communities. However, this emerging and at times inconclusive evidence base remains fragmented. The present study's aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the association between incidences of haematological malignancy and residential exposure to the petrochemical industry. METHODS Epidemiological studies reporting the risk of haematological malignancies (Leukaemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Multiple myeloma) were included where the following criteria were met: (i) Cancer incidence is diagnosed by a medical professional and coded in accordance to the International Classification of Diseases; (ii) A clear definition of fenceline communities is provided, indicating the proximity between exposed residents and petrochemical activities; and (iii) Exposure is representative of normal operating conditions, not emergency events. Two investigators independently extracted information on study characteristics and outcomes in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals were pooled across studies for the four categories of haematological malignancy, using a random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The systematic review identified 16 unique studies, which collectively record the incidence of haematological malignancies across 187,585 residents living close to a petrochemical operation. Residents from fenceline communities, less than 5 km from a petrochemical facility (refinery or manufacturer of commercial chemicals), had a 30% higher risk of developing Leukaemia than residents from communities with no petrochemical activity. Meanwhile, the association between exposure and rarer forms of haematological malignancy remains uncertain, with further research required. CONCLUSIONS The risk of developing Leukaemia appears higher in individuals living near a petrochemical facility. This highlights the need for further policy to regulate the release of carcinogens by industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Jephcote
- Department of Sociology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7HA UK
| | - David Brown
- Department of Sociology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Thomas Verbeek
- Department of Sociology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Alice Mah
- Department of Sociology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
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Drokow EK, Chen Y, Waqas Ahmed HA, Oppong TB, Akpabla GS, Pei Y, Kumah MA, Neku EA, Sun K. The relationship between leukemia and TP53 gene codon Arg72Pro polymorphism: analysis in a multi-ethnic population. Future Oncol 2020; 16:923-937. [PMID: 32301350 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Many studies have analyzed the relationship between Arg72Pro polymorphism of TP53 and leukemia; nevertheless, the findings continue to be indeterminate. We, therefore, performed an updated meta-analysis in multi-ethnic groups using specialized software for genome-wide association studies meta-analysis. Materials & methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched up to October 2018. An odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% CI was used to evaluate the strength in the association. Results: This meta-analysis included 16 studies with 2337 cases and 9494 controls. In the overall population, significant relationship between Arg72Pro polymorphism of TP53 and leukemia susceptibility was found in two genetic models (recessive model: OR = 1.276, 95% CI = 1.102-1.476; p = 0.01; overdominant model: OR = 0.891, 95% CI = 0.802-0.988; p = 0.03). In stratified studies with ethnicity, a significant association was found in five ethnic groups, including Chinese, Americans, Africans, Japanese and Indians. Conclusion: We demonstrated that an association exist between leukemia risk and TP53 gene codon Arg72Pro polymorphism in the recessive and overdominant genetic models. Also, our findings show that the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism may influence leukemia development in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital Henan, 450003 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Haematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital Henan, 450003 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hafiz Abdul Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Haematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital Henan, 450003 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Timothy Bonney Oppong
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Gloria Selorm Akpabla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yanru Pei
- Department of Haematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital Henan, 450003 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Maame Awoyoe Kumah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, KB 77 Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Enyonam Adjoa Neku
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Haematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital Henan, 450003 Zhengzhou, PR China
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Raj A, Nachiappan V. Benzoquinone alters the lipid homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:1035-1041. [PMID: 32190295 PMCID: PMC7067238 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00139e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the impact of benzoquinone (BQ) on lipid homeostasis and cytotoxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods: The impact of BQ exposure on wild-type and knockouts of PC biosynthesizing genes revealed the alterations in the lipids that were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, thin layer chromatography, and gene expression studies. Results: In yeast, BQ exposure reduced the growth pattern in wild-type cells. The gene knockout strains of the phospholipid metabolism altered the mRNA expression of the apoptosis genes - both caspase-dependent and independent. The BQ exposure revealed an increase in both the phospholipids and neutral lipids via the CDP:DAG and the Kennedy pathway genes. The accumulation of both neutral lipids and phospholipids during the BQ exposure was discrete and regulated by different pathways. Conclusions: BQ exposure inhibited cell growth, increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and altered membrane proliferation. The CDP:DAG and Kennedy pathway lipids also discretely altered by BQ, which is required for the membrane functions and energy purposes of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Raj
- Biomembrane Lab , Department of Biochemistry , School of Life Sciences , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , 620024 , Tamilnadu , India .
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Biomembrane Lab , Department of Biochemistry , School of Life Sciences , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , 620024 , Tamilnadu , India .
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Takada M, Yamagishi K, Iso H, Tamakoshi A. Green tea consumption and risk of hematologic neoplasms: the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC Study). Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:1223-1230. [PMID: 31452000 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental studies suggested that green tea may have an anticancer effect on hematologic neoplasms. However, few prospective studies have been conducted. METHODS A total of 65,042 individuals aged 40-79 years participated in this study and completed a self-administered questionnaire about their lifestyle and medical history at baseline (1988-1990). Of these, 52,462 individuals living in 24 communities with information on incident hematologic neoplasms available in the cancer registry, who did not have a history of cancer and provided valid information on frequency of green tea consumption, were followed through 2009. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the incidence of hematologic neoplasms according to green tea consumption were analyzed. RESULTS The incidence of hematologic neoplasms during a median follow-up of 13.3 years was 323. Compared with the never-drinkers of green tea, the multivariate HRs and 95% CIs for total hematologic neoplasms in green tea drinkers of ≤ 2 cups/day, 3-4 cups/day, and ≥ 5 cups/day were 0.65 (0.42-1.00), 0.73 (0.47-1.13), and 0.63 (0.42-0.96), respectively. The association was more prominent for acute myeloid leukemias and follicular lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS The present cohort study suggests a protective effect of green tea against hematologic neoplasms, especially acute myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Takada
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
- Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, 1-6-107 Morinomiya, Osaka, 536-8588, Japan
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Pan HC, Sun CY, Wu IW, Tsai TL, Sun CC, Lee CC. Higher risk of malignant neoplasms in young adults with end-stage renal disease receiving haemodialysis: A nationwide population-based study. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 24:1165-1171. [PMID: 30584693 PMCID: PMC6849784 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim Previous investigations have shown that end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with an increased risk of malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore the association between ESRD in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (HD) and the incidence of malignancies according to age. Methods We analysed a nationwide cohort retrieved from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database to study the incidence of malignancies in patients who were and were not receiving HD. One million beneficiaries were randomly selected and followed from 2005 to 2013. Of these 1 000 000 patients, 3055 developed ESRD and commenced maintenance HD during this period. For each HD patient, four age‐, gender‐ and diabetes‐matched controls were selected from the database (n = 12 220). We further stratified the patients according to age. The study endpoint was the occurrence of malignancy. Results The incidence rates of malignancy were 6.8% and 4.9% in the HD and control groups, respectively. Competing risk regression analysis indicated that age, HD, male gender and diabetes were associated with an increased risk of malignancy. When further stratified according to age, the odds ratios of developing cancer were 5.8, 1.9, 1.9 and 1.5 among the HD patients aged <40 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years and 60–69 years, respectively. Conclusion The patients with ESRD who received HD had a significantly higher cumulative risk of malignancy, especially those with a young age. Therefore, specialized cancer screening protocols for young HD patients might help to prolong their lifespan. End‐stage kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of many malignancies. This epidemiological study from Taiwan reviews the incidence rates of malignancies in a large haemodialysis cohort compared to a control group, revealing a higher cumulative risk of malignancies especially in those of a young age on dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Chih Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ling Tsai
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chin Sun
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chan Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Progress in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Clinicopathologic Correlations and Immune Checkpoints. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 17S:S16-S25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bergman BP, Mackay DF, Pell JP. Lymphohaematopoietic malignancies in Scottish military veterans: Retrospective cohort study of 57,000 veterans and 173,000 non-veterans. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 47:100-105. [PMID: 28236754 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphohaematopoietic malignancies are common in the general population. There have been concerns that military service may be associated with increased risk as a result of occupational exposures. To date, few studies have demonstrated an increased risk, although a disability pension is payable to veterans who were present at nuclear tests and who develop leukaemia (other than chronic lymphocytic leukaemia). The aim of the study was to utilise data from the Scottish Veterans Health Study to examine the risk of lymphohaematopoietic malignancy following military service in a large national cohort of veterans. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 57,000 veterans and 173,000 non-veterans born between 1945 and 1985 matched for age, sex and area of residence, adjusted for areal deprivation and followed up for up to 30 years, using Cox proportional hazard models to compare the risk of lymphohaematopoietic malignancy overall, by diagnosis and by sex and birth cohort. RESULTS We found no statistically significant difference in risk between veterans and non-veterans either for all leukaemias (Cox proportional hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence intervals 0.84-1.27, p=0.773), Hodgkin lymphoma (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% confidence intervals 0.87-1.61, p=0.272) or for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence intervals 0.71-1.04, p=0.110). CONCLUSION Our findings provide reassurance that service in the UK Armed Forces is not associated with increased risk of lymphohaematopoietic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly P Bergman
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK.
| | - Daniel F Mackay
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK.
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Avgerinou C, Giannezi I, Theodoropoulou S, Lazaris V, Kolliopoulou G, Zikos P, Alamanos Y, Leotsinidis M, Symeonidis A. Occupational, dietary, and other risk factors for myelodysplastic syndromes in Western Greece. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 22:419-429. [PMID: 28102107 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2016.1277006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have observed an increasing incidence of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in the geographic area of Western Greece during the past two decades. The objective of this study was to investigate potential risk factors for the manifestation of MDS in this area of Greece. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in the public hospitals of the region. Participants were interviewed based on a questionnaire regarding demographics, occupational exposures, smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary, and domestic factors. RESULTS A total of 228 individuals (126 cases, 102 controls) were recruited in this study. Univariate analysis showed that risk of MDS was associated with a family history of hematologic malignancy or solid tumor, exposure to pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, increased weekly intake of meat and eggs, and increased alcohol intake, whereas fruit intake had a protective effect. Analysis by pesticide ingredient showed a weak association of exposure to paraquat and glyphosate with the occurrence of MDS. Multivariate analysis showed that independent risk factors for the manifestation of MDS were family history of solid tumor (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.32-4.65), meat intake for ≥5 days/week (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.05-6.80) and exposure to pesticides (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.73-6.11). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to pesticides is a major risk factor of MDS in Western Greece. Family history of solid tumor and increased meat intake also appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of MDS. Public health authorities should implement policies to advise and protect farmers from the harmful effects of agrochemicals. Emphasis should also be given to health promotion advice including healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Avgerinou
- a Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine , Medical School, University of Patras , Greece.,b Laboratory of Public Health , Medical School, University of Patras , Greece
| | - Ioanna Giannezi
- a Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine , Medical School, University of Patras , Greece
| | - Stela Theodoropoulou
- a Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine , Medical School, University of Patras , Greece
| | - Vasileios Lazaris
- a Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine , Medical School, University of Patras , Greece
| | - Georgia Kolliopoulou
- a Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine , Medical School, University of Patras , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zikos
- c Department of Hematology , 'St Andrew' General Hospital , Patras , Greece
| | - Yannis Alamanos
- b Laboratory of Public Health , Medical School, University of Patras , Greece
| | | | - Argiris Symeonidis
- a Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine , Medical School, University of Patras , Greece
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Zahid MF, Parnes A, Savani BN, Litzow MR, Hashmi SK. Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms - what have we learned so far? World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:231-242. [PMID: 27621757 PMCID: PMC4999650 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i8.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are neoplastic processes arising as a result of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities given for a primary condition. The disease biology varies based on the etiology and treatment modalities patients receive for their primary condition. Topoisomerase II inhibitor therapy results in balanced translocations. Alkylating agents, characteristically, give rise to more complex karyotypes and mutations in p53. Other etiologies include radiation therapy, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation and telomere dysfunction. Poor-risk cytogenetic abnormalities are more prevalent than they are in de novo leukemias and the prognosis of these patients is uniformly dismal. Outcome varies according to cytogenetic risk group. Treatment recommendations should be based on performance status and karyotype. An in-depth understanding of risk factors that lead to the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms would help developing risk-adapted treatment protocols and monitoring patients after treatment for the primary condition, translating into reduced incidence, early detection and timely treatment.
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Ruan XL, Li S, Meng XY, Geng P, Gao QP, Ao XB. The Role of TP53 Gene Codon 72 Polymorphism in Leukemia: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1588. [PMID: 26402821 PMCID: PMC4635761 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this meta-analysis was aimed to evaluate the association of tumor protein p53 (TP53) gene codon 72 polymorphism with leukemia susceptibility. We searched PubMed to identify relevant studies, and 16 case-control studies from 14 published articles were identified as eligible studies, including 2062 leukemia patients and 5826 controls. After extracting data, odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was applied to assess the association between TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and leukemia susceptibility. The meta-analysis was performed with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, version 2.2. Overall, no significant association between TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and leukemia susceptibility was found in this meta-analysis (Pro vs Arg: OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 0.90-1.21; Pro/Pro vs Arg/Arg: OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 0.84-1.52; Arg/Pro vs Arg/Arg: OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.76-1.15; [Pro/Pro + Arg/Pro] vs Arg/Arg: OR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.80-1.21; Pro/Pro vs [Arg/Arg + Arg/Pro]: OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 0.93-1.51). Similar results were also found in subgroup analysis by ethnicity, source of controls, and types of leukemia (either acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphocytic leukemia). Our meta-analysis demonstrates that TP53 codon 72 polymorphism may not be a risk factor for acute leukemia; however, due to the limitations of this study, it should be verified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Ruan
- From the Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China (X-LR, QPG, X-BA); Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China (SL, X-YM, PG); and Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China (SL, X-YM, PG)
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Rodríguez-García JA, Vázquez L, Ramos F, Cuevas B, Martín A, Smucler A, Guerola DN, Cantalapiedra A, Alonso JM, Fernández S, Díez E, Rodríguez MJ, Calmuntia MJ, Aguilar C, Sierra M, Gracia JA, Cebeira MJ, Cantalejo R. Estudio de incidencia de las neoplasias hematopoyéticas en Castilla y León. Med Clin (Barc) 2015; 144:491-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tsai RJ, Luckhaupt SE, Schumacher P, Cress RD, Deapen DM, Calvert GM. Acute myeloid leukemia risk by industry and occupation. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2584-91. [PMID: 24547710 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.894189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia found in adults. Identifying jobs that pose a risk for AML may be useful for identifying new risk factors. A matched case-control analysis was conducted using California Cancer Registry data from 1988 to 2007. This study included 8999 cases of AML and 24 822 controls. Industries with a statistically significant increased AML risk were construction (matched odds ratio [mOR] = 1.13); crop production (mOR = 1.41); support activities for agriculture and forestry (mOR = 2.05); and animal slaughtering and processing (mOR = 2.09). Among occupations with a statistically significant increased AML risk were miscellaneous agricultural workers (mOR = 1.76); fishers and related fishing workers (mOR = 2.02); nursing, psychiatric and home health aides (mOR = 1.65); and janitors and building cleaners (mOR = 1.54). Further investigation is needed to confirm study findings and to identify specific exposures responsible for the increased risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Tsai
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Cincinnati, OH , USA
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Ozbas-Gerceker F, Bozman N, Kok S, Pehlivan M, Yilmaz M, Pehlivan S, Oguzkan-Balci S. Association of an LMP2 Polymorphism with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:6399-402. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Zhivin S, Laurier D, Caër-Lorho S, Acker A, Guseva Canu I. Impact of chemical exposure on cancer mortality in a French cohort of uranium processing workers. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:1262-71. [PMID: 24009194 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear workers may be exposed to a variety of chemical hazards, in addition to radiation. We examined the effect of chemical exposures on cancer mortality among French uranium processing workers at the AREVA NC Pierrelatte facility. METHODS A cohort of 2,897 uranium processing workers employed for at least 6 months was followed from 1968 through 2006. Exposure to uranium and potentially carcinogenic chemicals was assessed with a plant-specific job-exposure matrix. Mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for cancers of the lung, lymphohematopoietic system, kidney and bladder, brain and central nervous system (BCNS), and prostate were estimated for each specific chemical exposure, with Cox regression models stratified for sex and calendar period and adjusted for socioeconomic status. Additional adjustments enabled us to examine the effect of co-exposure to uranium and other chemicals. RESULTS Exposure to aromatic solvents was associated with increased risk of BCNS malignancies after adjustment for other chemicals (HR=6.53, 95% CI=1.14-37.41; n=6) and for other chemicals and uranium (HR=7.26, 95% CI=0.90-58.19) in the annual exposure status model. Selected groups of lymphohematopoietic cancers were found associated with solvent exposure. Inconclusive results were found regarding chromium (VI) exposure, since only 2 workers died from lung cancer among 109 exposed. CONCLUSION Based on our pilot study, it seemed important to take into account chemical exposures in the analyses of cancer mortality among French uranium processing workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Zhivin
- Laboratoire d'Epidémioloeie; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN); Fontenay-aux-Roses; France
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Laboratoire d'Epidémioloeie; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN); Fontenay-aux-Roses; France
| | - Sylvaine Caër-Lorho
- Laboratoire d'Epidémioloeie; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN); Fontenay-aux-Roses; France
| | - Alain Acker
- AREVA Group; Medical Coordination Section; Paris; France
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Laboratoire d'Epidémioloeie; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN); Fontenay-aux-Roses; France
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Ozbas-Gerceker F, Bozman N, Gezici S, Pehlivan M, Yilmaz M, Pehlivan S, Oguzkan-Balci S. Association of TAP1 and TAP2 Gene Polymorphisms with Hematological Malignancies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:5213-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kokouva M, Koureas M, Dardiotis E, Almpanidou P, Kalogeraki A, Kyriakou D, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Hadjichristodoulou C. Relationship between the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) M55L and Q192R polymorphisms and lymphohaematopoietic cancers in a Greek agricultural population. Toxicology 2013; 307:12-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saberi Hosnijeh F, Christopher Y, Peeters P, Romieu I, Xun W, Riboli E, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Tjønneland A, Becker N, Nieters A, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Orfanos P, Oddone E, Luján-Barroso L, Dorronsoro M, Navarro C, Barricarte A, Molina-Montes E, Wareham N, Vineis P, Vermeulen R. Occupation and risk of lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Occup Environ Med 2013; 70:464-70. [PMID: 23576671 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2012-101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Established risk factors for leukaemia do not explain the majority of leukaemia cases. Previous studies have suggested the importance of occupation and related exposures in leukaemogenesis. We evaluated possible associations between job title and selected hazardous agents and leukaemia in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. METHODS The mean follow-up time for 241 465 subjects was 11.20 years (SD 2.42 years). During the follow-up period, 477 incident cases of myeloid and lymphoid leukaemia occurred. Data on 52 occupations considered a priori to be at high risk of developing cancer were collected through standardised questionnaires. Occupational exposures were estimated by linking the reported occupations to a job exposure matrix. Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the association between occupation and related exposures and risk of leukaemia. RESULTS The risk of lymphoid leukaemia significantly increased for working in chemical laboratories (HR 8.35, 95% CI 1.58 to 44.24), while the risk of myeloid leukaemia increased for working in the shoe or other leather goods industry (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.28 to 5.06). Exposure-specific analyses showed a non-significant increased risk of myeloid leukaemias for exposure to benzene (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.40; HR=1.60, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.69 for the low and high exposure categories, respectively). This association was present both for acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia at high exposure levels. However, numbers were too small to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a possible role of occupational exposures in the development of both lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia. Exposure to benzene seemed to be associated with both acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Saberi Hosnijeh
- Division Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Alavanja MCR, Ross MK, Bonner MR. Increased cancer burden among pesticide applicators and others due to pesticide exposure. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63:120-42. [PMID: 23322675 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of well-designed epidemiological and molecular studies provide substantial evidence that the pesticides used in agricultural, commercial, and home and garden applications are associated with excess cancer risk. This risk is associated both with those applying the pesticide and, under some conditions, those who are simply bystanders to the application. In this article, the epidemiological, molecular biology, and toxicological evidence emerging from recent literature assessing the link between specific pesticides and several cancers including prostate cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, and breast cancer are integrated. Although the review is not exhaustive in its scope or depth, the literature does strongly suggest that the public health problem is real. If we are to avoid the introduction of harmful chemicals into the environment in the future, the integrated efforts of molecular biology, pesticide toxicology, and epidemiology are needed to help identify the human carcinogens and thereby improve our understanding of human carcinogenicity and reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C R Alavanja
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, North Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Metz-Flamant C, Samson E, Caër-Lorho S, Acker A, Laurier D. Leukemia risk associated with chronic external exposure to ionizing radiation in a French cohort of nuclear workers. Radiat Res 2012; 178:489-98. [PMID: 23050984 DOI: 10.1667/rr2822.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is one of the earliest cancer effects observed after acute exposure to relatively high doses of ionizing radiation. Leukemia mortality after external exposure at low doses and low-dose rates has been investigated at the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and Nuclear Fuel Company (AREVA NC) after an additional follow-up of 10 years. The cohort included radiation-monitored workers employed for at least one year during 1950-1994 at CEA or AREVA NC and followed during 1968-2004. Association between external exposure and leukemia mortality was estimated with excess relative risk (ERR) models and time-dependent modifying factors were investigated with time windows. The cohort included 36,769 workers, followed for an average of 28 years, among whom 73 leukemia deaths occurred. Among the workers with a positive recorded dose, the mean cumulative external dose was 21.7 mSv. Results under a 2-year lag assumption suggested that the risk of leukemia (except chronic lymphatic leukemia) increased significantly by 8% per 10 mSv. The magnitude of the association for myeloid leukemia was larger. The higher ERR/Sv for doses received 2-14 years earlier suggest that time since exposure modifies the effect. The ERR/Sv also appeared higher for doses received at exposure rates ≥20 mSv per year. These results are consistent with those found in other studies of nuclear workers. However, confidence intervals are still wide. Further analyses should be conducted in pooled cohorts of nuclear workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Metz-Flamant
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), DRPH/SRBE/LEPID, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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de Oliveira HM, Dagostim GP, da Silva AM, Tavares P, da Rosa LAZC, de Andrade VM. Occupational risk assessment of paint industry workers. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2012; 15:52-8. [PMID: 22223950 PMCID: PMC3249790 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.90374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of chemical compounds are used in paint products, like pigments, extenders, binders, additives, and solvents (toluene, xylene, ketones, alcohols, esters, and glycol ethers). Paint manufacture workers are potentially exposed to the chemicals present in paint products although the patterns and levels of exposure to individual agents may differ from those of painters. The aim of the present study was to evaluate genome damage induced in peripheral blood lymphocytes and oral mucosa cells of paint industry workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotoxicity was evaluated using the alkaline Comet assay in blood lymphocytes and oral mucosa cells, and the Micronucleus test in oral mucosa cells. For the micronucleus test in exfoliated buccal cells, no significant difference was detected between the control and paint industry workers. RESULTS The Comet assay in epithelia buccal cells showed that the damage index (DI) and damage frequency (DF) observed in the exposed group were significantly higher relative to the control group (P≤0.05). In the same way, the Comet assay data in peripheral blood leukocytes showed that both analysis parameters (DI and DF) were significantly greater than that for the control group (P≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chronic occupational exposure to paints may lead to a slightly increased risk of genetic damage among paint industry workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo M de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), SC, Brazil
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29
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Weng Y, Lu L, Yuan G, Guo J, Zhang Z, Xie X, Chen G, Zhang J. p53 codon 72 polymorphism and hematological cancer risk: an update meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45820. [PMID: 23029260 PMCID: PMC3454327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies on the association of p53 codon 72 (Arg72Pro) polymorphism with hematological malignancies risk have produced conflicting results. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to define the effect of p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism on hematological malignancies risk. Methodology/Principal Findings Through searching PubMed databases (or hand searching) up to April 2012 using the following MeSH terms and keywords: “p53”, “codon 72” “polymorphism” and “leukemia”, or “lymphoma”, or “myeloma”, thirteen were identified as eligible articles in this meta-analysis for p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism (2,731 cases and 7, 356 controls), including nine studies on leukemia (1,266 cases and 4, 474 controls), three studies on lymphoma (1,359 cases and 2,652 controls), and one study on myeloma. The overall results suggested that p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was not associated with hematological malignancies risk. In stratified analyses, significantly increased non-Hodgkin lymphomas risk was found in p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism heterozygote model (Arg/Pro vs. Arg/Arg: OR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.02–1.35) and dominant model (Arg/Pro+Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg: OR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.03–1.34), but no significant association was found between leukemia risk and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism. Further studies showed no association between leukemia risk and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism when stratified in subtypes of leukemias, ethnicities and sources of controls. Conclusions/Significance This meta-analysis indicates that the p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Univerisity School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guorong Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Univerisity School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyou Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Univerisity School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Univerisity School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Univerisity School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Brown T, Rushton L, with the British Occupational Cancer Burden Study Group. Occupational cancer in Britain. Haematopoietic malignancies: leukaemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Br J Cancer 2012; 107 Suppl 1:S41-8. [PMID: 22710678 PMCID: PMC3384012 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Brown
- Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Lesley Rushton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 3PG, UK
| | - with the British Occupational Cancer Burden Study Group
- Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 3PG, UK
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31
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Weng Y, Zhang J, Tang X, Xie X, Chen G. Thymidylate synthase polymorphisms and hematological cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1345-51. [PMID: 22166040 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.649477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the association of Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) polymorphisms with risk of hematological malignancies have produced conflicting results. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to define the effect of TYMS 5'-untranslated enhanced region (TSER) and 3'-untranslated region (TS3'-UTR) polymorphisms on the risk of hematological malignancies. Seventeen articles were identified as eligible in the case of TSER (2R > 3R) polymorphism (4511 cases and 6113 controls) and seven articles in the case of TS3'-UTR (1494del6) polymorphism (2721 cases and 3761 controls). The overall results suggested that either TSER or TS3'-UTR polymorphism was not associated with the risk of hematological malignancies. In stratified analyses, significantly decreased acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) risk was found in adults (2R/3R vs. 2R/2R: odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.97), but increased ALL risk was observed in children (3R/3R vs. 2R/2R: OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03-2.06). Increased non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk was found in the Caucasian population (2R/3R vs. 2R/2R: OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10-1.56). Protective effects of the TS3'-UTR polymorphism (-6 bp/-6 bp) on hematological malignancies were found in a homozygote model and recessive model when the source of controls was stratified as hospital based. In conclusion, the TYMS TSER polymorphism may contribute to a susceptibility to risk of ALL in children and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Caucasians, but protection from ALL risk in adults. The TS3'-UTR polymorphism (-6 bp/-6 bp) may have a protective effect in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Alavanja MCR, Bonner MR. Occupational pesticide exposures and cancer risk: a review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2012; 15:238-63. [PMID: 22571220 PMCID: PMC6276799 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2012.632358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A review of the epidemiological literature linking pesticides to cancers in occupational studies worldwide was conducted, with particular focus on those articles published after the release of IARC Monograph 53 (1991): Occupational Exposures in Insecticide Applications and Some Pesticides. Important new data are now available. Chemicals in every major functional class of pesticides including insecticides, herbicide, fungicides, and fumigants have been observed to have significant associations with an array of cancer sites. Moreover, associations were observed with specific chemicals in many chemical classes of pesticides such as chlorinated, organophosphate, and carbamate insecticides and phenoxy acid and triazine herbicides. However, not every chemical in these classes was found to be carcinogenic in humans. Twenty-one pesticides identified subsequent to the last IARC review showed significant exposure-response associations in studies of specific cancers while controlling for major potential confounders. This list is not an exhaustive review and many of these observations need to be evaluated in other epidemiological studies and in conjunction with data from toxicology and cancer biology. Nonetheless, it is reasonable and timely for the scientific community to provide a multidisciplinary expert review and evaluation of these pesticides and their potential to produce cancer in occupational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C R Alavanja
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, North Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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33
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High incidence of acute leukemia in the proximity of some industrial facilities in El Bierzo, northwestern Spain. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2012; 25:22-30. [DOI: 10.2478/s13382-012-0010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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34
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Hebeda CB, Pinedo FJ, Vinolo MAR, Curi R, Farsky SHP. Hydroquinone Stimulates Inflammatory Functions in Microvascular Endothelial Cells via NF-κB Nuclear Activation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 109:372-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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35
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Clissa C, Finelli C, de Vivo A. Le sindromi mielodisplastiche: diagnosi, prognosi e terapia. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.itjm.2010.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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36
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Daniels RD, Schubauer-Berigan MK. A meta-analysis of leukaemia risk from protracted exposure to low-dose gamma radiation. Occup Environ Med 2011; 68:457-64. [PMID: 20935290 PMCID: PMC3095477 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2009.054684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT More than 400,000 workers annually receive a measurable radiation dose and may be at increased risk of radiation-induced leukaemia. It is unclear whether leukaemia risk is elevated with protracted, low-dose exposure. OBJECTIVE We conducted a meta-analysis examining the relationship between protracted low-dose ionising radiation exposure and leukaemia. DATA SOURCES Reviews by the National Academies and United Nations provided a summary of informative studies published before 2005. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for additional occupational and environmental studies published between 2005 and 2009. STUDY SELECTION We selected 23 studies that: (1) examined the association between protracted exposures to ionising radiation and leukaemia excluding chronic lymphocytic subtype; (2) were a cohort or nested case-control design without major bias; (3) reported quantitative estimates of exposure; and (4) conducted exposure-response analyses using relative or excess RR per unit exposure. METHODS Studies were further screened to reduce information overlap. Random effects models were developed to summarise between-study variance and obtain an aggregate estimate of the excess RR at 100 mGy. Publication bias was assessed by trim and fill and Rosenthal's file drawer methods. RESULTS We found an ERR at 100 mGy of 0.19 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.32) by modelling results from 10 studies and adjusting for publication bias. Between-study variance was not evident (p=0.99). CONCLUSIONS Protracted exposure to low-dose gamma radiation is significantly associated with leukaemia. Our estimate agreed well with the leukaemia risk observed among exposed adults in the Life Span Study (LSS) of atomic bomb survivors, providing increased confidence in the current understanding of leukaemia risk from ionising radiation. However, unlike the estimates obtained from the LSS, our model provides a precise, quantitative summary of the direct estimates of excess risk from studies of protracted radiation exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Daniels
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
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37
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Sill H, Olipitz W, Zebisch A, Schulz E, Wölfler A. Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms: pathobiology and clinical characteristics. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:792-805. [PMID: 21039422 PMCID: PMC3042191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs) are serious long-term consequences of cytotoxic treatments for an antecedent disorder. t-MNs are observed after ionizing radiation as well as conventional chemotherapy including alkylating agents, topoisomerase-II-inhibitors and antimetabolites. In addition, adjuvant use of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor may also increase the risk of t-MNs. There is clinical and biological overlap between t-MNs and high-risk de novo myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia suggesting similar mechanisms of leukaemogenesis. Human studies and animal models point to a prominent role of genetic susceptibilty in the pathogenesis of t-MNs. Common genetic variants have been identified that modulate t-MN risk, and t-MNs have been observed in some cancer predisposition syndromes. In either case, establishing a leukaemic phenotype requires acquisition of somatic mutations - most likely induced by the cytotoxic treatment. Knowledge of the specific nature of the initiating exposure has allowed the identification of crucial pathogenetic mechanisms and for these to be modelled in vitro and in vivo. Prognosis of patients with t-MNs is dismal and at present, the only curative approach for the majority of these individuals is haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is characterized by high transplant-related mortality rates. Novel transplantation strategies using reduced intensity conditioning regimens as well as novel drugs - demethylating agents and targeted therapies - await clinical testing and may improve outcome. Ultimately, individual assessment of genetic risk factors may translate into tailored therapies and establish a strategy for reducing t-MN incidences without jeopardizing therapeutic success rates for the primary disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/chemically induced
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/physiopathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/chemically induced
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/physiopathology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/physiopathology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy
- Prognosis
- Radiotherapy/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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38
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Kokouva M, Bitsolas N, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Rachiotis G, Papadoulis N, Hadjichristodoulou C. Pesticide exposure and lymphohaematopoietic cancers: a case-control study in an agricultural region (Larissa, Thessaly, Greece). BMC Public Health 2011; 11:5. [PMID: 21205298 PMCID: PMC3022699 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causality of lymphohaematopoietic cancers (LHC) is multifactorial and studies investigating the association between chemical exposure and LHC have produced variable results. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between exposure to pesticides and LHC in an agricultural region of Greece. METHODS A structured questionnaire was employed in a hospital-based case control study to gather information on demographics, occupation, exposure to pesticides, agricultural practices, family and medical history and smoking. To control for confounders, backward conditional and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used. To assess the dose-response relationship between exposure and disease, the chi-square test for trend was used. RESULTS Three hundred and fifty-four (354) histologically confirmed LHC cases diagnosed from 2004 to 2006 and 455 sex- and age-matched controls were included in the study. Pesticide exposure was associated with total LHC cases (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05-2.04), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.00-3.51) and leukaemia (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.09-4.20). A dose-response pattern was observed for total LHC cases (P = 0.004), MDS (P = 0.024) and leukaemia (P = 0.002). Pesticide exposure was independently associated with total LHC cases (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.00 - 2.00) and leukaemia (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.02-4.12) after controlling for age, smoking and family history (cancers, LHC and immunological disorders). Smoking during application of pesticides was strongly associated with total LHC cases (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.81-5.98), MDS (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.18-12.11), leukaemia (OR 10.15, 95% CI 2.15-65.69) and lymphoma (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.02-8.00). This association was even stronger for total LHC cases (OR 18.18, 95% CI 2.38-381.17) when eating simultaneously with pesticide application. CONCLUSIONS Lymphohaematopoietic cancers were associated with pesticide exposure after controlling for confounders. Smoking and eating during pesticide application were identified as modifying factors increasing the risk for LHC. The poor pesticide work practices identified during this study underline the need for educational campaigns for farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kokouva
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Ma W, Kantarjian H, Zhang K, Zhang X, Wang X, Chen C, Donahue AC, Zhang Z, Yeh CH, O'Brien S, Garcia-Manero G, Caporaso N, Landgren O, Albitar M. Significant association between polymorphism of the erythropoietin gene promoter and myelodysplastic syndrome. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:163. [PMID: 21078205 PMCID: PMC2992491 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may be induced by certain mutagenic environmental or chemotherapeutic toxins; however, the role of susceptibility genes remains unclear. The G/G genotype of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1617640 in the erythropoietin (EPO) promoter has been shown to be associated with decreased EPO expression. We examined the association of rs1617640 genotype with MDS. Methods We genotyped the EPO rS1617640 SNP in 189 patients with MDS, 257 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 106 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 97 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 353 with chronic myeloid leukemia, and 95 healthy controls. Results The G/G genotype was significantly more common in MDS patients (47/187; 25.1%) than in controls (6/95; 6.3%) or in patients with other leukemias (101/813; 12.4%) (all P < 0.001). Individuals with the G/G genotype were more likely than those with other genotypes to have MDS (odd ratio = 4.98; 95% CI = 2.04-12.13). Clinical and follow up data were available for 112 MDS patients and 186 AML patients. There was no correlation between EPO promoter genotype and response to therapy or overall survival in MDS or AML. In the MDS group, the GG genotype was significantly associated with shorter complete remission duration, as compared with the TT genotype (P = 0.03). Time to neutrophils recovery after therapy was significantly longer in MDS patients with the G/G genotype (P = 0.02). Conclusions These findings suggest a strong association between the rs1617640 G/G genotype and MDS. Further studies are warranted to investigate the utility of screening for this marker in individuals exposed to environmental toxins or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlong Ma
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
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40
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Abel GA, Bertrand KA, Earle CC, Laden F. Outcomes for lymphoid malignancies in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) as compared to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Hematol Oncol 2010; 28:133-6. [PMID: 19866451 DOI: 10.1002/hon.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vital statistics for the lymphoid malignancies obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program have seldom been directly compared to data from alternative national databases. While SEER is recognized as the standard, some lymphoid malignancies-especially the chronic ones--may be underreported. We compared the incidence, all-cause and cause-specific mortality for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in SEER to that in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), a national cohort study of 121,700 female registered nurses, matching for age and race. In over 2.5 million person-years, the incidence of HL was the same as in SEER (SIR=1.01 [0.75, 1.26]), while the incidence of NHL, CLL and MM were slightly higher. All-cause mortality was lower for the lymphoid malignancies except for MM, which was the same; there were no differences in cause-specific mortality, except for MM (HR=1.26 [1.07, 1.48]). Our analysis suggests that, at least among white women, SEER is a reliable data source with respect to lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Abel
- Center for Outcomes and Policy Research, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Galbraith D, Gross SA, Paustenbach D. Benzene and human health: A historical review and appraisal of associations with various diseases. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 40 Suppl 2:1-46. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2010.508162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Gender-linked haematopoietic and metabolic disturbances induced by a pesticide mixture administered at low dose to mice. Toxicology 2010; 267:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Naganuma T, Kuriyama S, Kakizaki M, Sone T, Nakaya N, Ohmori-Matsuda K, Hozawa A, Nishino Y, Tsuji I. Green tea consumption and hematologic malignancies in Japan: the Ohsaki study. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170:730-8. [PMID: 19640889 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several biologic studies have reported that green tea constituents have antitumor effects on hematologic malignancies. However, the effects in humans are uncertain. The authors used data from the Ohsaki National Health Insurance Cohort Study in Japan to evaluate the association between green tea consumption and the risk of hematologic malignancies. Study participants were 41,761 Japanese adults aged 40-79 years without a history of cancer at baseline who answered a food frequency questionnaire survey in 1994. During 9 years of follow-up beginning in 1995, the authors documented 157 hematologic malignancies, including 119 cases of lymphoid neoplasms and 36 cases of myeloid neoplasms. Hazard ratios were calculated by using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Risk of hematologic malignancies was inversely associated with green tea consumption. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of hematologic malignancies for 5 cups/day or more compared with less than 1 cup/day of green tea was 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.37, 0.89). The corresponding risk estimate was 0.52 (95% confidence interval: 0.31, 0.87) for lymphoid neoplasms and 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.32, 1.78) for myeloid neoplasms. This inverse association was consistent across sex and body mass index strata. In conclusion, green tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Naganuma
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
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Ronda E, Hollund BE, Moen BE. Airborne exposure to chemical substances in hairdresser salons. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 153:83-93. [PMID: 18483770 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several studies indicate health problems among hairdressers to be related to their chemical exposure at work. The purpose of this study was to describe the exposure of chemical compounds in the air of Spanish hairdresser salons, and to study differences between salons in central and suburban areas. Ten hairdresser salons were examined for two days, by recording number and type of customers, ventilation and size of salon. Both stationary and personal borne samples for organic compounds were collected, as well as stationary samples of ammonia. TVOC was calculated. Air temperature, relative humidity, CO and CO2 were logged for 48 h in each salon. Fifty-six personal and 28 stationary samples were analysed for organic compounds. Thirty-five different air-borne compounds were found in the working environment of the hairdressers. All levels were well below the limit values in Spain and USA, both for ammonia and organic compounds. TVOC ranged from 48.37 mg/m3 to 237.60 mg/m3, meaning that many salons had levels above suggested comfort values of 25. There were only minor differences in exposure between central and suburban salons. No salons had ventilation systems, and the CO2 was increasing during the day. The exposure was higher for several chemical compounds when hair dying was performed. Hairdressers were exposed to low air levels of a large number of chemical substances mostly related to work related to hair dying. There were no differences between exposure levels in salons in central and suburban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ronda
- Public Health Department, University of Alicante, Ap. de Correos, 99-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to identify the extent of occupational exposures to hazardous substances amongst male medical inpatients and to determine the extent to which these exposures may have contributed to the development of medical conditions. METHODS A random sample of 297 male who were admitted from outside the hospital to the medical wards to a large tertiary care hospital, were between age 18-75 and could communicate in English completed an occupational history questionnaire. This information was merged with an inpatient database which contained patient demographics, admission diagnoses, and co-morbidity data. A specialist in occupational medicine and internal medicine determined whether the medical conditions the participants had were related to their exposures. RESULTS One individual had a condition causing admission that was related to his work and 12 others (4%) had a condition that was possibly related to their work which had caused symptoms. One additional individual was found to have asymptomatic asbestos related pleural fibrosis. Fourteen of 37 possible harmful occupational exposures were reported by more than 10% of the study participants. On average each participant reported 5.5 exposures. CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposures to male medical inpatients are common. For 4.4% (13/297) of male admissions to the general medical wards from the emergency room occupational factors may have played a role in the development of medical conditions which led to admission or to major co-morbidities. Detailed occupational histories will likely lead to more suspected cases of work related medical admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen G Kraut
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. a
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Anderson LA, Pfeiffer RM, Landgren O, Gadalla S, Berndt SI, Engels EA. Risks of myeloid malignancies in patients with autoimmune conditions. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:822-8. [PMID: 19259097 PMCID: PMC2653768 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune conditions are associated with an elevated risk of lymphoproliferative malignancies, but few studies have investigated the risk of myeloid malignancies. From the US Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database, 13 486 myeloid malignancy patients (aged 67+ years) and 160 086 population-based controls were selected. Logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age, race, calendar year and number of physician claims were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for myeloid malignancies in relation to autoimmune conditions. Multiple comparisons were controlled for using the Bonferroni correction (P<0.0005). Autoimmune conditions, overall, were associated with an increased risk of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (OR 1.29) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, OR 1.50). Specifically, AML was associated with rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.28), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 1.92), polymyalgia rheumatica (OR 1.73), autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (OR 3.74), systemic vasculitis (OR 6.23), ulcerative colitis (OR 1.72) and pernicious anaemia (OR 1.57). Myelodysplastic syndrome was associated with rheumatoid arthritis (OR1.52) and pernicious anaemia (OR 2.38). Overall, autoimmune conditions were not associated with chronic myeloid leukaemia (OR 1.09) or chronic myeloproliferative disorders (OR 1.15). Medications used to treat autoimmune conditions, shared genetic predisposition and/or direct infiltration of bone marrow by autoimmune conditions, could explain these excess risks of myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Anderson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Risk factors for leukemia in Thailand. Ann Hematol 2009; 88:1079-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-009-0731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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McLean D, Mannetje A', Dryson E, Walls C, McKenzie F, Maule M, Cheng S, Cunningham C, Kromhout H, Boffetta P, Blair A, Pearce N. Leukaemia and occupation: a New Zealand Cancer Registry-based case-control Study. Int J Epidemiol 2008; 38:594-606. [PMID: 18953052 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyn220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the association between occupation and leukaemia. METHODS We interviewed 225 cases (aged 20-75 years) notified to the New Zealand Cancer Registry during 2003-04, and 471 controls randomly selected from the Electoral Roll collecting demographic details, information on potential confounders and a comprehensive employment history. Associations between occupation and leukaemia were analysed using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity and smoking. RESULTS Elevated odds ratios (ORs) were observed in agricultural sectors including horticulture/fruit growing (OR: 2.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.51, 4.55), plant nurseries (OR: 7.51, 95% CI: 1.85, 30.38) and vegetable growing (OR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.18, 8.40); and appeared greater in women (ORs: 4.71, 7.75 and 7.98, respectively). Elevated ORs were also observed in market farmers/crop growers (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.02), field crop/vegetable growers (OR: 3.98, 95% CI: 1.46, 10.85), market gardeners (OR: 5.50, 95% CI: 1.59, 19.02), and nursery growers/workers (OR: 4.23, 95% CI: 1.34, 13.35); also greater in women (ORs: 3.48, 7.62, 15.74 and 11.70, respectively). These elevated ORs were predominantly for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Several associations persisted after semi-Bayes adjustment. Elevated ORs were observed in rubber/plastics products machine operators (OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.08, 13.08), predominantly in plastic product manufacturing. CLL was also elevated in tailors and dressmakers (OR: 7.01, 95% CI: 1.78, 27.68), cleaners (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.00, 4.14) and builder's labourers (OR: 4.03, 95% CI: 1.30, 12.53). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest increased leukaemia risks associated with certain agricultural, manufacturing, construction and service occupations in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Genotoxicity of intermittent co-exposure to benzene and toluene in male CD-1 mice. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 173:166-78. [PMID: 18455711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is an important industrial chemical. At certain levels, benzene has been found to produce aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, myeloblastic anemia and genotoxic effects in humans. Metabolism by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and myeloperoxidase to hydroquinone, phenol, and other metabolites contributes to benzene toxicity. Other xenobiotic substrates for cytochrome P450 can alter benzene metabolism. At high concentrations, toluene has been shown to inhibit benzene metabolism and benzene-induced toxicities. The present study investigated the genotoxicity of exposure to benzene and toluene at lower and intermittent co-exposures. Mice were exposed via whole-body inhalation for 6h/day for 8 days (over a 15-day time period) to air, 50 ppm benzene, 100 ppm toluene, 50 ppm benzene and 50 ppm toluene, or 50 ppm benzene and 100 ppm toluene. Mice exposed to 50 ppm benzene exhibited an increased frequency (2.4-fold) of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and increased levels of urinary metabolites (t,t-muconic acid, hydroquinone, and s-phenylmercapturic acid) vs. air-exposed controls. Benzene co-exposure with 100 ppm toluene resulted in similar urinary metabolite levels but a 3.7-fold increase in frequency of micronucleated PCE. Benzene co-exposure with 50 ppm toluene resulted in a similar elevation of micronuclei frequency as with 100 ppm toluene which did not differ significantly from 50 ppm benzene exposure alone. Both co-exposures - 50 ppm benzene with 50 or 100 ppm toluene - resulted in significantly elevated CYP2E1 activities that did not occur following benzene or toluene exposure alone. Whole blood glutathione (GSH) levels were similarly decreased following exposure to 50 ppm benzene and/or 100 ppm toluene, while co-exposure to 50 ppm benzene and 100 ppm toluene significantly decreased GSSG levels and increased the GSH/GSSG ratio. The higher frequency of micronucleated PCE following benzene and toluene co-exposure when compared with mice exposed to benzene or toluene alone suggests that, at the doses used in this study, toluene can enhance benzene-induced clastogenic or aneugenic bone marrow injury. These findings exemplify the importance of studying the effects of binary chemical interactions in animals exposed to lower exposure concentrations of benzene and toluene on benzene metabolism and clastogenicity. The relevance of these data on interactions for humans exposed at low benzene concentrations can be best assessed only when the mechanism of interaction is understood at a quantitative level and incorporated within a biologically based modeling framework.
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Van Maele-Fabry G, Duhayon S, Mertens C, Lison D. Risk of leukaemia among pesticide manufacturing workers: a review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2008; 106:121-137. [PMID: 18028905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to review available cohort studies and to estimate quantitatively the association between occupational exposure in plants manufacturing pesticides and leukaemia. METHODS Following a systematic literature search, relative risks were extracted from 14 studies published between 1984 and 2004. Fixed effect analyses were carried out as heterogeneity between studies was not detected. Meta-analyses were performed on the whole set of data and separate analyses were conducted for specific chemical classes of pesticides as well as type of leukaemia. RESULTS The meta-rate ratio estimate for all studies was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.94). After stratification by chemical class, consistent increases in the risk of leukaemia were found in all groups but statistical significance was found only for phenoxy herbicides unlikely to have been contaminated with dioxins and furans. This last finding appears equivocal in view of the existing literature. The separate analysis conducted on leukaemias from the myeloid lineage showed the highest relative risk (6.99; 95% CI 1.96-24.90). There was no obvious indication of publication bias. CONCLUSION The overall meta-analysis among pesticide manufacturing workers provides quantitative evidence to consider occupational exposure to pesticides as a possible risk factor for leukaemia but available data are too scarce for causality ascertainment. Epidemiological evidence did not allow identifying a specific pesticide or chemical class that would be responsible for the increased risk. Exposure to pesticides may be a significant risk factor for specifically developing myeloid leukaemia and there is a need for additional large well-conducted studies with clear definition of exposure and of leukaemia type(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Van Maele-Fabry
- Université catholique de Louvain, Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Unit, Avenue E. Mounier 53, bte 5302, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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