Concurrent hyperglycemia does not influence the long-term prognosis of unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas

Table 1 Clinicopathological data of hyperglycemic and non-hyperglycemic patients with HCC

Variables	With hyperglycemia (n = 28)	Wthout hyperglycemia (n = 197)
Age (year)	55 ± 1.99	51.91 ± 1.08
HBsAg(+/-)	15/13	110/87
Cirrhosis (+/-)	20/8	133/64
Gender (male/female)	23/5	157/40
Laboratory data
ALT (U/L)	48.91 ± 10.41	39.82 ± 11.21
PT (s)	12.24 ± 0.20	12.67 ± 0.23
Albumin (g/L)	39.63 ± 6.35	35.81 ± 7.86
Total bilirubin (μmmol/L)	12.32 ± 7.15	13.54 ± 8.97
Platelet count ( × 109/L)	158.41 ± 18.14	155.75 ± 7.37
TNM stage (I/II/III/IVa/IVb)a	0/3/12/5/8	0/32/76/48/41
Child-Pugh grades (A/B/C)	22/5/1	165/30/2
Sizes of the largest tumor (cm)	3.80 ± 6.30	3.50 ± 6.75
Initial treatment (TACE/radiotherapy/ TACE+radiotherapy/ PEI/biotherapy)	18/3/5/3/15	128/17/15/11/147

^aThe criteria for TNM classification were based on the criteria of UICC(1987).

Table 2 Comparison of treatment responses between the groups with (HG) and without hyperglycemia (Non-HG)

Groups	Response rate	CR (%)	PR(%)	NC(%)	PD(%)
HG	21.4(6/28)	7.1(2/28)	14.3(4/28)	53.6(15/28)	25.0(7/28)
Non-HG	23.4(46/197)	8.1(16/197)	15.2(30/197)	48.2(95/197) 28.4(56/197)
P values	0.821	0.858	0.896	0.596	0.706

Table 3 Incidence of complications during follow-up

Complication	With hyperglycemia		Without hyperglycemia		P value
	I-II	III-IV	I-II	III-IV
Leucopoenia	6	8	22	10	0.000
Erythrocytopenia	5	1	16	2	0.049
Thrombocytopenia	2	1	10	2	0.359
Reaction of GI system	3	0	12	0	0.359
Impairment of liver function	5	1	13	0	0.008
Impairment of renal function	1	0	2	0	0.270

Table 4 Association between various clinical parameters after treatment and the survival

Clinical status		n	Cumulative survival rate (%)			Median survival ( ± SE, months)	P value
			1-year	2-year	3-year
Overall		225	58.5	30.6	9.4	28.0 ± 1.40
Age (year)	< 60	130	59.4	27.4	9.1	28.1 ± 2.37
	≥ 60	95	57.3	35.4	9.7	26.8 ± 2.60	0.815
HBV	Negative	100	61.8	31.2	9.69	29.3 ± 2.01
	Positive	125	54.4	29.9	8.97	26.1 ± 3.63	0.876
AFP (ng/ml)	<400	129	66.1	34.4	10.9	30.0 ± 2.38
	≥ 400	96	47.8	25.4	6.9	22.2 ± 4.05	0.001
Hyperglycemia	Negative	28	51.1	30.7	8.36	26.0 ± 3.46
	Positive	197	59.7	30.5	9.62	29.5 ± 2.04	0.231
Tumor size (cm)	< 6 cm	124	67.4	38.1	12.1	31.7 ± 1.99
	≥ 6 cm	101	47.0	19.9	5.42	21.0 ± 3.55	0.028
Number of tumors	Solitary	152	67.6	34.7	10.4	29.3 ± 1.40
	Multiple	73	52.0	21.3	7.1	25.8 ± 4.73	0.041
Child pugh	A	187	65.1	34.7	11.1	31.0 ± 1.65
	B or C	38	28.4	9.5	0	12.1 ± 2.49	0.002
Clinical	Non-T4 disease	121	69.5	39.3	15.3	32.1 ± 1.13
stage	T4 disease	104	44.6	18.6	1.43	20.9 ± 2.17	0.018
Method of treatment	TACE	181	56.4	27.1	8.48	26.8 ± 1.43
	Radiotherapy	23	58.3	29.2	4.17	32.6 ± 9.85
	TACE+ radiotherapy	21	77.8	63.0	25.2	37.8 ± 6.62	0.0001

Table 5 Significant factors predicting survival tested by the Cox proportional hazards model

Variable	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient/ SE	P value
Clinical stage	0.8014	0.2695	2.9737	0.0019
Child-Pugh grade	0.3275	0.0657	4.9574	0.0001
Method of treatment	1.2144	0.3672	3.3072	0.0005