Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision of low rectal cancer with preservation of anal sphincter: A report of 82 cases

Table 1 Clinical and demographic data

Parameters	Data
Age, mean (years)	26-85, 44
Sex (No. of patients)
Male	46
Female	36
Tumor diameter, mean (cm)	1.5-13, 5.6
Distance of the tumor from the dentate line (cm)	1.5-7
1.5-5 cm from lowest edge of tumors to the dentate line (No. of patients)	48
5-7 cm from lowest edge of tumors to the dentate line (No. of patients)	34
Concomitant diseases (No. of patients)
Chronic cholecystitis, cholecystolithiasis, torsion of ovarian cyst and diabetes	2
Chronic cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis	6
Previous lower abdominal operation	7

Table 2 Clinical parameters for patients with LTME and SP

Parameters	Data
Dukes stage (No. of patients)
A	5
B	10
C1	33
C2	30
D	4
Pathologic types (No. of patients)
High differentiated adenocarcinoma	24
Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma	37
Low differentiated adenocarcinoma	21
Multiple primary carcinomas on the bowel wall	3
Distance of the tumor from the section edge (cm)	1.5-4
Cancer cell found in the cut margins (No. of patients)	1
Colo-rectal/anal anastomotic height (cm) (No. of patients)
LLAR, below peritoneal reflection and 2 cm above the dentate line	30
LULAR, 2 cm below the dentate line	27
LCAA, at/below the dentate line	25

Table 3 Early results for laparoscopic TME and SP

Parameters	Data
Operation time (min)	120(110-220)
Operative bleeding (ml)	20(5-120)
Time for bowel function recovery (d)	1-2
Time to resume normal diet (d)	1-2
Post-operative analgesic requirement (No. Of patients)	45
Total hospital stay (d)	8 (5-14)
Sphincter preservation rate (%)	100%
Mortality (%)	0

Table 4 Complications of laparoscopic TME and SP

Complications	No. of patients
Total number of patients	82
Perforation of rectum	0
Urethra damage	0
Intra-abdominal bleeding	0
Pelvic abscess	0
Urinary retention	2
Anastomotic Leakage	1
Local recurrence	2